何水生之LED灯
Part III Vocabulary andStructure (20 minutes)
41. Tom________ better than to ask Dick for help.
A) shall know
B) shouldn’t know
C) has known
D) should have known
42. Themagician picked several persons ________ from the audience and asked them tohelp him with the performance.
A) by accident
B) at random
C) on occasion
D) on average
43. Waterenters into a great variety of chemical reactions, ________ have been mentionedin previous pages.
A) a few of it
B) a few of that
C) a few of them
D) a few of which
44. They’llhave you ________ if you don’t pay your taxes.
A) to be arrested
B) arrest
C) arrested
D) being arrested
45. Therewas a knock at the door. It was the second time someone ________ me thatevening.
A) had interrupted
B) would have interrupted
C) to have interrupted
D) to interrupted
46. Despitetheir good service, most inns are less costly than hotels of ________standards.
A) equivalent
B) alike
C) uniform
D) likely
47. ________for your help, we’d never have been able to get over the difficulties.
A) Had it not
B) If it were not
C) Had it not been
D) If we had not been
48. Somepeople either ________ avoid questions of right and wrong or remain neutralabout them.
A) violently
B) enthusiastically
C) sincerely yours
D) deliberately
49. Thereis no easy solution to Japan’s labour ________.
A) decline
B) vacancy
C) rarity
D) shortage
50. I’msure your suggestion will ________ the problem.
A) contribute to solving
B) contribute to solve
C) be contributed to solve
D) be contributed to solving
51. Ileft for the office earlier than usual this morning ________ traffic jam.
A) in line with
B) for the sake of
C) in case of
D) at the risk of
52. Someareas, ________ their severe weather conditions, are hardly populated.
A) due to
B) in spite of
C) but for
D) with regard to
53. Thenew washing machines are ________ at the rate of fifty a day.
A) turned up
B) turned down
C) turned out
D) turned in
54. Onturning the corner, we saw the road ________ steeply.
A) departing
B) descending
C) decreasing
D) depressing
55. Themanaging director took the ________ for the accident, although it was notreally his fault.
A) guilt
B) blame
C) charge
D) accusation
56. Oncethey had fame, fortune, secure futures; ________ is utter poverty.
A) now that all is left
B) now all that is left
C) now all which is left
D) now all what is left
57. Theshop-assistant was straight with his customers. If an article was of ________quality he’d tell them so.
A) humble
B) inferior
C) minor
D) awkward
58. Histastes and habits ________ with those of his wife.
A) combine
B) compete
C) coincide
D) compromise
59. Thebranches could hardly ________ the weight of the fruit.
A) retain
B) sustain
C) maintain
D) remain
60. Withall its advantages, the computer is by no means without its ________.
A) boundaries
B) restraints
C) confinements
D) limitations
61. Visitorsare asked to ________ with the regulations.
A) contrast
B) consult
C) comply
D) conflict
62. He________ so much work that he couldn’t really do it efficiently.
A) put on
B) turned on
C) brought on
D) took on
63. ________should any money be given to a small child.
A) On no account
B) From all accounts
C) Of no account
D) By all accounts
64. Withoutfacts, we cannot form a worthwhile opinion for we need to have factualknowledge ________ our thinking.
A) which to be based on
B) which to base upon
C) upon which to base
D) to which to be based
65. ________that they may eventually reduce the amount of labor needed on constructionsites by 90 percent.
A) so clever are the construction robots
B) so clever the construction robots are
C) such construction robots are clever
D) such clever construction robots are
66. Allflights ________ because of the storm, they decided to take the train.
A) having canceled
B) having been canceled
C) were canceled
D) have been canceled
67. Themicroscope can ________ the object 100 times in diameter.
A) magnify
B) increase
C) develop
D) multiply
68. Languagebelongs to each one of us, to the flower-seller ________ to the professor.
A) as much as
B) as far as
C) the same as
D) as long as
69. We________ Edison’s success to his intelligenceand hard work.
A) subject
B) attribute
C) owe
D) refer
70. Sheonce again went through her composition carefully to ________ all spellingmistakes from it.
A) withdraw
B) diminish
C) abandon
D) eliminate
41. D 42. B 43. D 44. C 45. A
46. A 47. C 48. D 49. D 50. A
51. C 52. A 53. C 54. B 55. B
56. B 57. B 58. C 59. B 60. D
61. C 62. D 63. A 64. C 65. A
66. B 67. A 68. A 69. B 70. D
Part IV Error Correction(15 minutes)
Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there arealtogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change aword, add a word or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put thecorrections in the blanks provided. If you change a word, cross it out andwrite the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put aninsertion mark (∧) in theright place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word,cross it and put a slash (/) in the blank.
Example:
Television is rapidlybecoming the literature of our periods╱. 1.time/times/period
Many of the arguments having╱ used for the study of literature as 2. _______\_______
a school subject are valid for ∧ study oftelevision. 3. ______the______
Traditionally, the American farmer has alwaysbeen independent and hard-working. In the eighteenth century farmers were quiteself-sufficient. The farm family grew and made almost nothing it needed. Thesurplus crop (71) would be sold to buy a few items in the local generalstore.
In 1860, because some of the farmpopulation had (72) moved to the city, yet eightypercent of the American population was still in the country. In the latenineteen century, farm work and life were not much changed from that theyhad been in the old days. The farmer aroused at (74) dawn or before and hadmuch work to do, with his own muscles like his chief source of power. Heused axes, (76) spades and other complicated tools. In his house cooking(77) was done in wood-burning stoves, and the kerosene lamp was the onlyimprovement on the candle. The family’s recreation and social life chieflyconsisted a drive in the (78) wagon to the nearby small town or village totransact some business as well as to chat with neighbors who had also come totown. The children attended a small elementary school (often of just oneroom) to that they had to walk (79) every day, possibly for a few miles.The school term was short so that the children could not help on the farm.(80)
Although the whole family worked, and lifewas not easy, farmers as a class were self-reliant and independent.
71. nothing→ everything
72. because→ although
73. nineteen→ nineteenth
74. that→ what
75. aroused→ arose
76. like→ as/being
77. complicated→ simple
78. (consist)→ (consist) of
79. that→ which
80. not→ /
Part V Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a compositionwrite a composition based on the graph below.
Outline:
1. Riseand fall of the rate of car accident as indicated by the graph;
2. Possiblereason(s) for the decline of car accidents in the city;
3. Yourpredictions of what will happen this year.
加一个图表
Yourcomposition should be no less than 120 words and you should quote as fewfigures as possible.
作文范文：
The graph shows the changing rate of caraccidents in Walton city in 1990. The first two months of 1990 showed anincreasing trend. The rate rose to 32 in March but fell to 26 in June. FromJune on the rate was rising again and reached the peak point 39 in August.After August the rate began to decline, and eventually dropped to the lowestpoint 16 at the end of the year.
The highest rate in August was due tounfavorable weather conditions. Humidity and high temperature make driversimpatient, which easily leads to car accidents. The high rate in the first halfof 1990 was also caused by the bad weather condition. In Walton Citythe excessive rain comes at early spring. The rain made road slippery, whichoften resulted in car accidents.
This year the pattern is expected to change.The city government has raised fund to improve the road condition. Two newroads will be finished at the beginning of this year and are expected to opento traffic soon. Furthermore, the new road regulation provides that in summer everycar must be air-conditioned. With all these precautions, I’m sure that the rateof car accidents will be much lower this year.
音为爱899
浅析高校英语听力教学中存在的问题与对策分析论文
论文关键词：高校英语 听力教学 问题分析
论文摘要：从目前的情况来看，在高校的英语听力教学中还存在着一些亟待解决的问题，我们必须解决这些问题，才能真正提高教学质量，促使学生英语综合运用能力的提高。
有语言学家曾说过，能听懂语言是学会语言的前提。英语作为一种语言交际的工具，能听懂是非常重要的，因此，加强学生英语听力的教学非常重要。2007年国家教育部颁布的《大学英语课程教学要求》进一步明确了大学英语教学的目标，就是要培养学生的英语综合应用能力，尤其是要加强学生听说能力的培养，使他们能够有效地用英语进行交流。但就目前的高校英语教学情况来看，仍然存在着一些问题，我们必须充分分析这些问题，提出切实有效的策略，提高大学英语听力教学的有效性。
1高校听力教学中存在的问题
从高校英语听力教学的现状来看主要存在着以下几个方面的问题：
1.1学生自身基础较差
从英语和汉语的特点来看，它们之间的差别比较大，不管是语音、语调，还是两种语言的词汇和句子结构之间都存在很大差异。学生的语音基础知识是学生在听辨能力方面提高的重要基础，如果一个学生的语音基础知识不够扎实，就很难切实提高英语听力水平，常见的问题主要表现在：一是对语素之间细微的差别和语音中的变化掌握不够。比如连续、省略、同化、重音的.因素没有很好地把握。二是学生所掌握的词汇量不达标，影响了自身在听力方面的辨析能力。在英语学习中，学生只有掌握了足够的词汇量，才能很好地理解别人的语句，否则就会影响听力的质量，给听力方面造成一定的困难。按照《大学英语教学大纲》的有关要求，高校在读大学生中的非英语专业学生英语词汇量要达到5500个，从教学现状来看，有相当一部分学生达不到这个标准。学生在听的过程中经常会遇到一些比较生疏的词汇，如果学生遇到这些生疏词汇的时候停下来思考，就会影响到他对这段语音所表达意思的理解。三是学生对语法知识的掌握还不够，也影响到学生听力的提高。在英语中，语法是英语这门语言规律的系统总结，我们研究和学习语法，就是为了掌握英语中一系列类似的语法现象，但是，往往语法是比较枯燥的，有些语法知识还比较复杂，因此有些学生没有好好地掌握，在听的过程中不能准确判断句子的结构，因此在理解所听到的内容方面存在一定的困难。
1.2学生对英美文化背景知识的学习不够
英美文化背景知识是英语这门语言的载体，掌握足够的英美文化背景知识对学生英语听力的提高有很大的帮助，如果学生在这方面的知识比较缺乏，就不能够采用中西不同的思维方式理解听力内容，更不能将一些内容放在特定的文化背景中进行准确地理解，在这样的情况下，学生想提高自己的听力水平是有一定困难的。我们在教学中经常会遇到一些本来并不是很难的语段，学生也能够从字面上弄明白是什么意思，但是，学生的理解只是表面的，肤浅的，不能真正理解语段中所表达的实际含义，不能领会说话人所要表达的真实意图。
例如：Jane：Is Mark a good cook?
Kate：He’s English.
这样的对话，从表面上不难理解，但是，有很多学生听了以后感觉很迷糊，认为Kate答非所问。实际上，英国人通常都是“bad cooks”，所以，Kate已经回答了John的问题，Kate所表达的意思是：Mark is a bad cook.因此，大学生应该多学习一下西方的风土人情，了解英美的社会制度和人们的风俗习惯，熟悉他们的思维方式和价值观。
1.3在教学过程中缺乏对学生心理素质的培养
很多教师在听力中，过分的注重向学生传授语言知识，而没有真正理解听力的过程实际上不仅仅需要学生具备一定的语言知识，还需要具备一定的心理素质，他们需要对接收到的信息在短暂的时间内进行有效地分析和加工，如果在这个环节上出现了问题，就会产生焦虑的情绪，感到非常的紧张，如果教师不能及时地帮助学生克服这种心理障碍就会使学生产生对听力教学的一种恐惧心理，将严重影响到学生听力成绩的提高。我们在调查中发现，即使两个学生在听力的水平上是相当的，但是，心理素质较差的学生往往不会取得理想的成绩，这两个学生之间的成绩相比会有比较大的悬殊。所以，我们要在教学中注重培养学生语言知识的同时，培养他们的学习兴趣，通过有效地引导，让他们克服心理障碍。
2改善英语听力教学的策略
根据以上对目前高校英语听力教学中存在主要问题的分析，结合我们的调查情况，我们应该在教学中采取以下几方面的措施，切实加强高校英语听力教学，促使学生英语听力水平的快速提高：
2.1在教学过程中强化英语基础知识教学
扎实的语言知识是听力理解的基础和前提，这些基础知识包括英语的语音、语法知识、基本词汇的掌握情况，并且要让学生掌握一定量的日常交际用语。主要的措施如下：一是要让学生通过辨别音素第一关，在教学中加强学生语音训练，帮助学生分析和辨别国际音标中48个因素的细微差别，熟练掌握语音中的变化，比如连读、失去爆破、省音、重音等，让学生能够熟悉一些语调规律。二是引导学生加强语法学习，巩固语法知识。实际上在中学阶段已经掌握了大量的语法知识，但是，有些学生还是没有能够很好地掌握，在大学的英语教学过程中，要根据学生的实际情况，有侧重地进行语法知识的传授和训练。三是严格要求学生进行词汇量的积累，切实掌握一定量的词汇。在高校英语教学中，对学生词汇量的要求不要仅仅局限于四六级考试所要求的标准，还要引导学生通过阅读和听力教学积累一定量的常用词汇，让学生掌握一些基本的构词规律，鼓励学生扩充词汇量。
2.2注重培养学生的听力技巧
很多学生在听的时候喜欢逐字逐句进行翻译，这就需要我们帮助学生掌握一定的听力技巧，让他们能够更好地提高听力水平。一是引导学生找出所听内容的关键词和关键句，也可以做记录，善于筛选主要的信息。二是改变学生的被动状态，让他们能够主动地预测听力的内容。学生在听材料前先浏览给出的题目，依据题目对听力的内容进行预测。比如给出的一道题的选项是：A．Inthepark B．Inthehospital C．Atschool D.Inthesupermarket，我们就可以预测这是判断场景的题目，在听的时候把场景的词汇作为重点。此外，教师要鼓励学生加强课外的听力训练，学生可以通过收音机、网络等进行广泛的听力训练。这就让学生在训练听力技巧的同时拓宽了他们的视野，使他们更好地了解英美文化背景知识，从而更有效地提高听力水平。
2.3培养学生的心理素质，克服心理障碍
要让学生明白听力的提高是艰巨的、循序渐进的过程，不能急于求成，通过科学地引导让学生树立自信心，让他们认识到在听的过程中遇到一些生疏的词汇是正常的，不需要紧张和焦虑，更不能在此方面浪费太多的时间。同时，在对学生进行听力训练的时候，要根据学生的实际，合理选择听力材料，注意遵循循序渐进的原则。此外，在教学的过程中可穿插一些歌曲、动画短片、幽默笑话等内容，调节课堂气氛，让学生放松心情，克服心理障碍，提高学习的积极性和主动性。
参考文献：
[1]巩坚.大学听力教学现状与分析[J].漯河职业技术学院学报，2010.06.
[2]李珂.大学英语听力教学策略探讨[J].湖北广播电视大学学报，2010.09.
[3]毛睿.浅谈大学英语听力课堂教学[J].读与写杂志，2009.10.
优质英语培训问答知识库
