机械工程专业英语

力分为拉力和压力。力的作用结果可以改变物体的形状，运动状态和产生阻力。每一个力都对施力物体产生压力。力可以通过内部分子运动产生，也可通过外部机械运动产生。

张力在所述板中，最多在通过铆钉，在铆钉剪切应力，而在铆钉孔和轴承的应力的中心线的平面。

本书共16个单元，内容包括机械工程基础（工程材料及其处理、绘图、公差、机械原理、机械零件、热加工和成型技术等），机械加工设备与技术，计算机化制造技术和机电一体化技术（涉及数控技术、工业机器人、计算机辅助设计与制造、柔性制造和成组技术等），装配，农业机械（涉及常用的动力机械如汽油机和柴油机，常用的农业机械如拖拉机）。本书内容的选取均为国内外报刊、杂志、教材、论著和其他文选，内容编排按照学生学习专业知识的过程循序渐进，有连贯性，英语语言由浅入深，有系统性。每个单元围绕一个主题（theme）编选课文和练习题。本书可作为高等工科院校学生教学用书，并可供机械、机械电子、车辆等行业的科研、工程技术人员参考。本书有配套电子教案，可赠送给用本书作为授课教材的院校和老师，如有需要，可发邮件至hqlbook@126?com索取。简 介：本书系统地介绍了机械制图、机械原理、机械设计、公差、液压、金属材料、热处理、铸造、锻压、焊接、金属切削机床、刀具、夹具、计算机辅助设计、计算机辅助制造、柔性制造系统、计算机辅助编程、电火花加工、质量控制、数控原理与加工、制造管理等方面的专业英语知识和术语。全书分5部分，共45单元，每个单元包括课文、生词及专业词汇注释、长难句解析、课后练习题、趣味阅读等内容。本书配有精美课件、习题答案等教学资源，供任课教师选用，以方便教学、提高教学质量。目 录：目 录Unit 1 Engineering Drawings and ToleranceUnit 2 Dimensional Tolerances and Surface RoughnessUnit 3 Basic Concepts in MechanicsUnit 4 Movement AnalysisUnit 5 Kinematic SynthesisUnit 6 Fundamentals ofMechanical DesignUnit 7 MechanismUnit 8 GearsUnit 9 BearingUnit 10 Hydraulic System and Its ElementsUnit 11 Industrial Hydraulic CircuitsUnit 12 Engineer MaterialUnit 13 Hot Metalworking Processing （I）Unit 14 Hot Metalworking Processing （Ⅱ）Unit 15 Characteristics of Mass-Reducing ProcessesUnit 16 Chip FormationUnit 17 The Tool Material and The Tool GeometryUnit 18 The Surface QualityUnit 19 The Single-point Cutting ToolsUnit 20 The Multipoint Cutting ToolsUnit 21 LathesUnit 22 Jigs and FixturesUnit 23 Advantages of CNCUnit 24 Construction of Machine ToolsUnit 25 Machining CentersUnit 26 Principles of Operation of NC Machine ToolsUnit 27 Part ProgramsUnit 28 OperationUnit 29 Computer-aided Design（CAD）Unit 30 Computer-aided Manufacturing（CAM）Unit 31 Computer Aided Process PlanningUnit 32 Flexible Manufacturing SystemUnit 33 Computer Integrated Manufacturing SystemUnit 34 Agile ManufacturingUnit 35 The Electrical Discharge Machining ProcessUnit 36 Quality Control and AssuranceUnit 37 IntroductionUnit 38 Inventory Control: From EOQ to ROPUnit 39 The MRP CrusadeUnit 40 The JIT RevolutionUnit 41 A Science of ManufacturingUnit 42 Total Quality ManufacturingUnit 43 Production SchedulingUnit 44 Supply Chain ManagementUnit 45 Capacity Management附录A How to Write the English Resume参 考 文 献

A force is a push or pull. The effect of a force either changes the shape or motion of a body or prevents other forces from making such changes. Every force produces a stress in the part on which it is applied. Forces may be produced by an individual using muscular (action) or by machines with mechanical motion. 力可以是推力或是拉力。力量可以改变一个物体的形状或运动，或者阻止其他力量造成这种改变。每种力量在其使用的部位都会产生应力；力量可以由人通过肌肉的活动或者是机器的机械运动所产生。 Forces are produced by physical or (chemical) change, gravity, or changes in motion. When a force is applied which tends to stretch an object, it is called a tensile force. A part experiencing a tensile force is said to be in tension. A force can also be applied which tends to shorten or squeeze the object. Such a force is a compressive force. 物理或化学变化，引力或运动中的变化都可产生力量。当力量的使用趋向于伸展某个物体时，这被称作拉伸力，而受拉伸力的部位称为受拉或张力。力量也能缩短或压榨物体，这种力量称为压缩力。 A third force is known as a (torsion) force, or a torque since it tends to twist an object. Still another kind of force, which seems to make the layers or molecules of a material slide or slip on one another, is a shearing force. 第三种力量称为扭力或转矩，因为它趋向于扭曲物体。还有一种力量称为剪力，它似乎能使材料的内层间或分子相互滑行或滑落。 Each of these forces may act independently or in combination. For example, a downward force applied on a vertical steel beam tends to compress the beam,. If this beam is placed in a (horizontal) position and a load is applied in the middle, the bottom of the beam tends to stretch and is in tension. At the same time, the top area is being pushed together in compression. If the compressive and tensile forces are great enough to make the layers of the material slide upon each other, a shearing force results. 这些力量可以单独或组合产生作用。例如：在垂直的钢梁上向下着力，这趋向于压缩钢梁；如果钢梁是处于水平位置，并在其中间部位施加压力，钢梁底部趋向伸展，呈受拉状态。同时，梁的上面部位受压缩被推挤在一起。如果压缩力和拉伸力足够强大，促使材料内层间相互滑行，这就形成剪力。 【注：原文有几个用刮弧标出的错字已被纠正。】