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动词吋态表

英语时态笔记图片

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蔡一诺1989

思维导图 是英国著名心理学家托尼·巴赞在20世纪60年代创立的,是新兴的脑科学,刚开始只是作为一种新的笔记 方法 ,后来逐渐发展成为一种思维工具和 学习方法 。下面我整理了英语八大时态的思维导图,希望大家喜欢!

1、一般现在时的用法

1) 表示经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用。

例: every…, sometimes,ofen,always,usually, twice a week, at…, on Sunday等。

I leave home for school at 7 every morning.

He watches Tv once a week .

2) 表示普遍真理,客观存在,科学事实。

The earth moves around the sun.

Shanghai lies in the east ofChina.

3) 格言或警句。

Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。

注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。

例:Columbus proved that the earth is round..

4) 表示现在时刻的状态、能力、个性或 爱好 。

I don't want so much.

Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.

比较:Now I put the sugar in the cup.

I am doing my homework now.

第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作。再如:Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back.

第二句中的now是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用一般现在时。

2、一般过去时的用法

1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。

时间状语有:yesterday, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982,yesterday morning (afternoon, evening…),last night (week, month, year…), a moment ago , a week ago, three years ago…just now,等。

Where did you go just now?

2)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。

When I was a child, I often played football in the street.

Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.

3)句型:

It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"

It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了"

It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。

It is time you went to bed.你早该睡觉了。

4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时,作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。

I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。

注意:一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在。

Christine was an invalid all her life.

(含义:她已不在人间。)

Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.

(含义:达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)

3、现在进行时

1) 表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。

We are waiting for you.

2)表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行。

Mr. Green is writing another novel.(说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态。)

She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.

3)瞬时动词的进行时一定表示将来的含义。

瞬时动词:come,go,arrive,leave,finish,end,start,begin等。

We are arriving at London.

持续动词的进行时需要加表示将来的时间状语或有将来的语境时才能表将来。

I am travelling next month.

4)与always, constantly, forever 等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩。

You are always changing your mind.

4、过去进行时

1)过去进行时主要表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作,常和表示过去的状语连用。

例如:(just)then 那时,当时;at this/that time 在这/那时 yesterday afternoon昨天下午;at nine 在九点;last night 昨晚;(at)this time yesterday在昨天这个时候

但在不少情况下,没有表示时间的状语,这时需要通过上下文来表示。

What were you doing at nine last night? 昨晚九点的时候,你在做什么?

I was watching TV at home yesterday afternoon. 我昨天下午正在家里看电视。

They were playing football at this time yesterday.昨天这个时候他们在踢 足球 。

2)过去进行时也可以表示过去某一段时间内正在进行的动作。

常与those days, the whole morning, from 8:00 to 12:00 last night等时间状语连用。

From 1983 to 1998 , he was teaching at Yale . 从1983到1998年,他正在耶鲁大学教书。

They were building a bridge last winter . 去年冬天他们正在造一座桥。

3)过去进行时表示过去将要发生的动作。

现在进行时可以表示将来的动作,同样,过去进行时也可以表示从过去某时看来将要发生的动作,常用在间接引语中。

Lucy arrived in Beijing last Friday. But she was leaving for Hong Kong the next morning.上周五Lucy到达北京,但第二天早晨就要动身去香港了。

She asked him if he was coming back for lunch. 她问他午饭是否准备回来吃。

4)过去进行时与频度副词always forever, continually, constantly等连用时表示过去经常反复的动作,常常带有埋怨、讨厌、赞扬或喜爱等情绪。

My sister was always forgetting things.(表示埋怨)

He was always helping others. (表示赞扬)

5、一般将来时

1)表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或重复发生的动作。

时间状语:tomorrow , soon ,next Monday , next year , next weekend , this afternoon , this evening ……

2)will do

表示主观意愿做某事。

I will see a movie this morning.

表示客观的不以人的意志为转移的客观将来。

Fish will die without water.

表示临时决定。

——Mom, where is the newspaper?

——Wait a moment. I will get it for you.

3)be going to +do

表示计划,安排要发生的事。

The play is going to be produced next month。

表示有迹象要发生的事

Look at the dark clouds.There is going to be a storm.

6、过去将来时

立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。

时间状语:the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.

He said he would go to Beijing the

I didn't know if she was going to come。

Wang Lei said that she was going to visit her uncle next Saterday。

7、现在完成时

1)表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

标志词:already, yet, just, ever, never, before

I have finished my homework. 我做完家庭作业了。(过去某时开始做,到现在已完成。)

2)表示:过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,并且有可能继续下去。

标志词:for, since, since…ago

I have studied English for six years. 我已经学了六年英语了。

(六年前开始学英语,一直学到现在, 也可能继续学也可能就此不学了。)

3) have/has gone to 、have/has been to 和have/has been in的区别

have/ has gone to 去了,在去某地的路上或在某地,人还未回来

have/ has been to 曾经去过,人已经回来了

have/ has been in 已经在,常与一段时间连用

如:He has been to Shenyang before. 他以前曾去过沈阳。

He has been in Shenyang for ten years. 他在沈阳10年了。

Has he gone to Shenyang? 他去沈阳了吗?

4)非延续性动词不能用“现在完成时 + 表示一段时间的状语”的句型中。

这类动词有:come, go, start, leave, die, buy, finish, join, borrow, stop等。

但能够用表示持续状态的相应的延续性动词替换句中的非延续性性动词。

arrive, come → be here,

die → be dead

finish, end → be over

go out → be out

join → be in

borrow→keep

finish/end →be over

close →be closed

leave, move → be away

fall asleep → be asleep

8、过去完成时

1)以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。

As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.

2)在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。

She said (that) she had never been to Paris.

3)过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。

He said that he had learned some English before.

By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.

Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.

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兔兔水桶腰

英语时态分为16种:一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、过去将来时,以及这四者的进行时、完成时和完成进行时。1. 一般现在时用法:A) 表示现在发生的动作、情况、状态和特征。B) 习惯用语。C) 经常性、习惯性动作。 例:He always helps others. (他总是帮助别人。)D) 客观事实和普遍真理。尤其要注意,如果前后文不是一般现在时,则无法保持 主句、从句时态一致。E) 表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作,(仅限于某些表示“来、去、动 、停、开始、结束、继续”等的动词 )可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用 。常见的用法是:飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式。 例:The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon. (下一趟火车今天下午3点开车。) 2. 现在进行时(be doing) 用法:现在正在进行的动作。she is dancing.3. 现在完成时(have done)用法:A) 表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成。B) 表示从过去某时刻开始,持续到现在的动作或情况,并且有可能会继续延续下去。此时经常用延续性动词。时间状语常用since加一个过去的时间点,或for加一段时间,或by加一个现在时间。Great as Newton was, many of his ideas have been challenged today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.C) 表示发生在过去,但对现在仍有影响的动作或情况。通常用点动词,如:arrive, begin, find, give, lose等。 例:John has broken his left leg.(约翰摔断了左腿。)4. 现在完成进行时(have been doing)用法:表示某一动作开始于过去某一时间,延续或重复地出现至今,或将继续延续至将来。 例:We have been working on this project for over a month now.(到目前为止,我们一直在处理那个项目,已经花了一个多月时间了。)5. 一般过去时用法:A) 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。B) 表示过去习惯性动作。特别是由would/ used to do表达的句型,本身表示的 就是过去时。例 He used to visit his mother once a week.(他以前总是每周看望一次他的母亲。)C) 有时可代替一般现在时,表达一种婉转、客气、礼貌、商量的语气。 例:I wanted to ask you if I could borrow your car?(我想向您借车用一用,可以吗?) Would you mind my sitting here?(您介意我坐在这里吗?)6. 过去完成时(had done)用法:表示在过去的某个时间或动作以前已经发生的动作或已经存在的状态。就是我们常说的:表示"过去的过去的动作或状态"。例:There had been some one in our room just now, because I noticed a burning cigarette end on the floor when we opened the front door.(刚才有人在我们的房间里,因为我们打开前门进来时,我注意到地板上有一支仍在燃烧的香烟。) 7. 过去将来时(would/ should do)用法:表示从过去的某个时间看将要发生的事。 例:I said on Thursday I should see my friend the next day.(我星期四说我将于第二天拜访我的朋友。)8. 过去进行时(was/ were doing)用法:A) 表示在过去一个比较具体的时间正在发生的动作。 例:Mary was listening to light music 10 minutes ago.(10分钟前,玛丽正在听轻音乐。)B) 如果when, while这样的时间状语引导词所引导的主从句之一是一般过去时,则另一个句子常用过去进行时。 例:I was washing my hair when you knocked at the front door.(你敲前门时我正在洗头发。)9. 一般将来时用法:A) 基本结构是will / shall do。 例:We shall send her a glass hand-made craft as her birthday gift.(我们将送给她一个玻璃的手工制品,作为给她的生日礼物。)B) 有些动词,如:arrive, be close, come, do, done, go, have, leave, open, play, return, sleep, start, stay等,用于一般进行时,并且通常与一个表示将来时间的时间状语连用,可以表示将来时。 例:My mother is coming to visit me next week and is staying here until May.(我妈妈下周将来看我,并会呆到5月。10. 将来进行时(will be doing) 用法:强调在将来的某个具体时间正在发生的动作或事情。 例:Don't worry, you won't miss her. She will be wearing a red T-shirt and a white skirt at that time.(别担心,你不会认不出她的。她到时会穿一件红色的T恤衫和一条白色的短裙。)注意事项:由于本时态是由将来时和进行时融合在一起的,所以关于本时态的注意事项,可参考"一般将来时"和"现在进行时"的有关注意事项。 11. 将来完成时(will have done)用法:表示从将来的某一时间开始、延续到另一个将来时间的动作或状态,或是发生在某个将来时间,但对其后的另一个将来时间有影响的动作或状态。就好象把现在完成时平移到时间轴的将来时时段一样。其用法从和过去及现在有关,变成了和将来及将来的将来有关。12)将来完成进行时:shall have been doing ,will have been doing 例:By the end of next month, the project will have been being worked for 3 years. (到下个月底为止,这项工程就已经不停地进行了3年了。)(被动语态)13)过去完成进行时:had been doing 例:The old clock had been being taken apart of and fixed up again for several times by my 10-year old son before I came back home.(我回到家之前,我10岁大的儿子已经把这个旧钟表拆卸并重新组装了好几回了。)(此处强调“拆卸”和“组装”这两个过去的过去的动作一直在反复进行。)(被动语态) 14) 过去将来进行时:should be doing , would be doing 例:The government promised that a new highway would be being built next July.(政府承诺说第二年7月将有一条新的高速公路正在修建。)(此句的时间状语是具体的将来时间,所以最好用将来进行时。)(此句为被动语态)15) 过去将来完成时:should have done , would have done例:I believed by the end of that year an advanced version of that software would have been developed, but I was wrong.(我坚信到那年年底为止,那个软件的新版本将被开发出来。但是我错了。)(此句为被动语态)16) 过去将来完成进行时:should have been doing , would have been doing例:They said that by the end of the following month, the project would have been being worked for 3 years. (他们说到第二个月底为止,这项工程就已经不停地进行了3年了。)

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