天上的叮叮猫儿
International Women's Day March 8 International Women's Day is an occasion marked by women's groups around the world. This date is also commemorated at the United Nations and is designated in many countries as a national holiday. When women on all continents, often divided by national boundaries and by ethnic, linguistic, cultural, economic and political differences, come together to celebrate their Day, they can look back to a tradition that represents at least nine decades of struggle for equality, justice, peace and development. International Women's Day is the story of ordinary women as makers of history; it is rooted in the centuries-old struggle of women to participate in society on an equal footing with men. In ancient Greece, Lysistrata initiated a sexual strike against men in order to end war; during the French Revolution, Parisian women calling for "liberty, equality, fraternity" marched on Versailles to demand women's suffrage. The idea of an International Women's Day first arose at the turn of the century, which in the industrialized world was a period of expansion and turbulence, booming population growth and radical ideologies. In the years before 1910, from the turn of the 20th century, women in industrially developing countries were entering paid work in some numbers. Their jobs were sex segregated, mainly in textiles, manufacturing and domestic services where conditions were wretched and wages worse than depressed. Trade unions were developing and industrial disputes broke out, including among sections of non-unionised women workers. In Europe, the flames of revolution were being kindled. Many of the changes taking place in women's lives pushed against the political restrictions surrounding them. Throughout Europe, Britain, America and, to a lesser extent, Australia, women from all social strata began to campaign for the right to vote. In the United States in 1903, women trade unionists and liberal professional women who were also campaigning for women's voting rights set up the Women's Trade Union League to help organise women in paid work around their political and economic welfare. These were dismal and bitter years for many women with terrible working conditions and home lives riven by poverty and often violence. In 1908, on the last Sunday in February, socialist women in the United States initiated the first Women's Day when large demonstrations took place calling for the vote and the political and economic rights of women. The following year, 2,000 people attended a Women's Day rally in Manhattan. In 1910 Women's Day was taken up by socialists and feminists throughout the country. Later that year delegates went to the second International Conference of Socialist Women in Copenhagen with the intention of proposing that Women's Day become an international event. The notion of international solidarity between the exploited workers of the world had long been established as a socialist principle, though largely an unrealised one. The idea of women organising politically as women was much more controversial within the socialist movement. At that time, however, the German Socialist Party had a strong influence on the international socialist movement and that party had many advocates for the rights of women, , including leaders such as Clara Zetkin. Inspired by the actions of US women workers and their socialist sisters, Clara Zetkin ;had already framed a proposal to put to the conference of socialist women that women throughout the world should focus on a particular day each year to press for their demands. The conference of over 100 women from 17 countries, representing unions, socialist parties, working women's clubs, and including the first three women elected to the Finnish parliament, greeted Zetkin's suggestion with unanimous approval and International Women's Day was the result. That conference also reasserted the importance of women's right to vote, dissociated itself from voting systems based on property rights and called for universal suffrage - the right to vote for all adult women and men The voice of dissent on this decision came from the English group led by Mrs. Despard of the Women's Freedom League, a group actively engaged in the suffragette movement. Conference also called for maternity benefits which, despite an intervention by Alexandra Kollontai on behalf of unmarried mothers, were to be for married women only. It also decided to oppose night work as being detrimental to the health of most working women, though Swedish and Danish working women who were present asserted that night work was essential to their livelihood. International Women's Day is an occasion marked by women's groups around the world. This date is also commemorated at the United Nations and is designated in many countries as a national holiday. When women on all continents, often divided by national boundaries and by ethnic, linguistic, cultural, economic and political differences, come together to celebrate their Day, they can look back to a tradition that represents at least nine decades of struggle for equality, justice, peace and development. International Women's Day is the story of ordinary women as makers of history; it is rooted in the centuries-old struggle of women to participate in society on an equal footing with men. In ancient Greece, Lysistrata initiated a sexual strike against men in order to end war; during the French Revolution, Parisian women calling for "liberty, equality, fraternity" marched on Versailles to demand women's suffrage. The idea of an International Women's Day first arose at the turn of the century, which in the industrialized world was a period of expansion and turbulence, booming population growth and radical ideologies. In the years before 1910, from the turn of the 20th century, women in industrially developing countries were entering paid work in some numbers. Their jobs were sex segregated, mainly in textiles, manufacturing and domestic services where conditions were wretched and wages worse than depressed. Trade unions were developing and industrial disputes broke out, including among sections of non-unionised women workers. In Europe, the flames of revolution were being kindled. Many of the changes taking place in women's lives pushed against the political restrictions surrounding them. Throughout Europe, Britain, America and, to a lesser extent, Australia, women from all social strata began to campaign for the right to vote. In the United States in 1903, women trade unionists and liberal professional women who were also campaigning for women's voting rights set up the Women's Trade Union League to help organise women in paid work around their political and economic welfare. These were dismal and bitter years for many women with terrible working conditions and home lives riven by poverty and often violence. In 1908, on the last Sunday in February, socialist women in the United States initiated the first Women's Day when large demonstrations took place calling for the vote and the political and economic rights of women. The following year, 2,000 people attended a Women's Day rally in Manhattan. In 1910 Women's Day was taken up by socialists and feminists throughout the country. Later that year delegates went to the second International Conference of Socialist Women in Copenhagen with the intention of proposing that Women's Day become an international event. The notion of international solidarity between the exploited workers of the world had long been established as a socialist principle, though largely an unrealised one. The idea of women organising politically as women was much more controversial within the socialist movement. At that time, however, the German Socialist Party had a strong influence on the international socialist movement and that party had many advocates for the rights of women, , including leaders such as Clara Zetkin. Inspired by the actions of US women workers and their socialist sisters, Clara Zetkin ;had already framed a proposal to put to the conference of socialist women that women throughout the world should focus on a particular day each year to press for their demands. The conference of over 100 women from 17 countries, representing unions, socialist parties, working women's clubs, and including the first three women elected to the Finnish parliament, greeted Zetkin's suggestion with unanimous approval and International Women's Day was the result. That conference also reasserted the importance of women's right to vote, dissociated itself from voting systems based on property rights and called for universal suffrage - the right to vote for all adult women and men The voice of dissent on this decision came from the English group led by Mrs. Despard of the Women's Freedom League, a group actively engaged in the suffragette movement. Conference also called for maternity benefits which, despite an intervention by Alexandra Kollontai on behalf of unmarried mothers, were to be for married women only. It also decided to oppose night work as being detrimental to the health of most working women, though Swedish and Danish working women who were present asserted that night work was essential to their livelihood.
橘子哈哈111
International Women's Day is celebrated every year on March 8.It's also called IWD. Many Communist countries like China, Russian, Cuba, etc. celebrate this day as a holiday for women. Usually women are given 1/2 day off work. In 1859, the first International Women's Day was held in a small factory in America.In 1908, more than 15000 women were marching at New York for less workhours and more hours. In 1910, the women in Eroupe celebrated International Women Day.Soon, International Women Day became a important festival in the world.
西风华诞
国际劳动妇女节（International Working Women's Day，简写IWD）全称“联合国妇女权益和国际和平日”/“联合国女权和国际和平日”（United Nations women's rights and international peace day），在中国又称“国际妇女节”、“三八节”和“三八妇女节”。是在每年的3月8日为庆祝妇女在经济、政治和社会等领域做出的重要贡献和取得的巨大成就而设立的节日。从1909年3月8日，美国芝加哥劳动妇女罢工游行集会以来，至21世纪已走过了百余年历程。在不同的地区，庆祝的重点有所不同，从普通的庆祝对女性的尊重、庆祝对女性的爱到庆祝女性在经济、政治及社会领域的成就。由于这个节日一开始是社会主义女权主义者发起的政治事件，这个节日和众多国家的文化都有融合，主要在欧洲，包括俄罗斯。
那谁家小二
International Women's DayInternational Women's Day (8 March) is an occasion marked by women's groups around the world. This date is also commemorated at the United Nations and is designated in many countries as a national holiday. When women on all continents, often divided by national boundaries and by ethnic, linguistic, cultural, economic and political differences, come together to celebrate their Day, they can look back to a tradition that represents at least nine decades of struggle for equality, justice, peace and development. International Women's Day is the story of ordinary women as makers of history; it is rooted in the centuries-old struggle of women to participate in society on an equal footing with men. In ancient Greece, Lysistrata initiated a sexual strike against men in order to end war; during the French Revolution, Parisian women calling for "liberty, equality, fraternity" marched on Versailles to demand women's suffrage. The idea of an International Women's Day first arose at the turn of the century, which in the industrialized world was a period of expansion and turbulence, booming population growth and radical ideologies. Following is a brief chronology of the most important events: 1909 In accordance with a declaration by the Socialist Party of America, the first National Woman's Day was observed across the United States on 28 February. Women continued to celebrate it on the last Sunday of that month through 1913. 1910 The Socialist International, meeting in Copenhagen, established a Women's Day, international in character, to honour the movement for women's rights and to assist in achieving universal suffrage for women. The proposal was greeted with unanimous approval by the conference of over 100 women from 17 countries, which included the first three women elected to the Finnish parliament. No fixed date was selected for the observance. 1911 As a result of the decision taken at Copenhagen the previous year, International Women's Day was marked for the first time (19 March) in Austria, Denmark, Germany and Switzerland, where more than one million women and men attended rallies. In addition to the right to vote and to hold public office, they demanded the right to work, to vocational training and to an end to discrimination on the job. Less than a week later, on 25 March, the tragic Triangle Fire in New York City took the lives of more than 140 working girls, most of them Italian and Jewish immigrants. This event had a significant impact on labour legislation in the United States, and the working conditions leading up to the disaster were invoked during subsequent observances of International Women's Day. 1913-1914 As part of the peace movement brewing on the eve of World War I, Russian women observed their first International Women's Day on the last Sunday in February 1913. Elsewhere in Europe, on or around 8 March of the following year, women held rallies either to protest the war or to express solidarity with their sisters. 1917 With 2 million Russian soldiers dead in the war, Russian women again chose the last Sunday in February to strike for "bread and peace". Political leaders opposed the timing of the strike, but the women went on anyway. The rest is history: Four days later the Czar was forced to abdicate and the provisional Government granted women the right to vote. That historic Sunday fell on 23 February on the Julian calendar then in use in Russia, but on 8 March on the Gregorian calendar in use elsewhere. Since those early years, International Women's Day has assumed a new global dimension for women in developed and developing countries alike. The growing international women's movement, which has been strengthened by four global United Nations women's conferences, has helped make the commemoration a rallying point for coordinated efforts to demand women's rights and participation in the political and economic process. Increasingly, International Women's Day is a time to reflect on progress made, to call for change and to celebrate acts of courage and determination by ordinary women who have played an extraordinary role in the history of women's rights. The Role of the United Nations Few causes promoted by the United Nations have generated more intense and widespread support than the campaign to promote and protect the equal rights of women. The Charter of the United Nations, signed in San Francisco in 1945, was the first international agreement to proclaim gender equality as a fundamental human right. Since then, the Organization has helped create a historic legacy of internationally agreed strategies, standards, programmes and goals to advance the status of women worldwide. Over the years, United Nations action for the advancement of women has taken four clear directions: promotion of legal measures; mobilization of public opinion and international action; training and research, including the compilation of gender desegregated statistics; and direct assistance to disadvantaged groups. Today a central organizing principle of the work of the United Nations is that no enduring solution to society's most threatening social, economic and political problems can be found without the full participation, and the full empowerment, of the world's women.
blueberry317
★"38" International Working Women's Day origin: On March 8, 1903, American Chicago female workers in order to opposethe bourgeoisie oppresses, the exploitation, and the discrimination,strives for the free equality, has launched the big strike and thedemonstration. This struggle had the American general work woman'ssupport and the warm response. In 1910, some national advanced womencapital Copenhagen held the second international socialist women'srepresentative congress in Denmark. The congress basis presides overthe conference the Germany socialism revolutionary goldsuggestion, in order to strengthen the world work woman's unity andsupports the woman to strive for the free equal the struggle,stipulation every year on March 8 is the International Women's Day.The United Nations the international woman started from 1975 tocelebrate the International Women's Day, from this time on " 38" The festival becomes the world work woman for to strive forpeace, to strive for women and children's right, strives for the greatholiday which the woman liberates struggles. Our country first memento " 38 " International workingwomen's day beginning in 1924. Certainly, our country works the womanin under Communist Party of China's leadership, has held " toGuangzhou; 38 " International working women's day commemorativeactivity. After the People's Republic of China had been established, the CentralPeople's Government state administrative council issued an order thenation in December, 1949, decided in March on 8 is the InternationalWorking Women's Day. ★"38" International Working Women's Day history: The International Working Women's Day called (International Women'sDay) is the various countries woman strives for peace, equal, thedevelopment holiday, the festival time in every year March 8. Since acentury, the various countries' woman for has striven for makes tothis right has been unremitting diligently with the struggle. On March 8, 1857, the American New York's clothing and the textilefemale worker have held a protest, opposed the non- humanity theworking conditions, 12 hours work systems and the low firewood, thedemonstrator is besieged by the police and catches up with disperses,after two years, also is in March, these organization for women firsttrade unions. On March 8, 1908, 1,500 women at the New York parade, the requestreduced the operating time, enhanced the payment for labor, enjoyedthe voting right, the prohibition use child laborer, they proposed theslogan was "the bread and the rose"; The bread symbol economysafeguard, the rose symbolizes the comparatively good life quality. InMay, the American socialist party decided last Sunday does takeFebruary as the domestic International Working Women's Day. In 1910, the German sociologist Clara Zetkin suggestedfor commemorate the American clothing worker's strike to be supposedto establish one day works as "the International Women's Day". Thissuggestion the international woman sociologist conference whichconvenes in Copenhagen is accepted, but decides on the specific dateby no means.In 1917, the Russian women summoned strikes in February 23 requests"the bread and peace", protested the bad working conditions and foodare short. This day the Julian calendar which uses based on Russia isthe same month last Sunday, the booklet synthesizes Gerrygao Li whichEuropean Guang Fan uses is on March 8. In 1924, the Communist Party of China convened first in Guangzhou"3.8" the festival commemoration congress. In 1949, our country Central People's Government made the decision, onMarch 8 will decide as the International Working Women's Day, this daynational woman had a vacation the half of the day, held each kind ofceremony the commemoration, wished celebrates the activity. In December, 1977, the United Nations accepted a resolution to statethat, the United Nations rights and interests of women and with theordinary day, in a year some one day, obeyed various member nationsthe history and the tradition, speaking of the United Nations, theInternational Women's Day subscribed for March 8, also started from1975. The South African International Working Women's Day time does not haveto the International Women's Day. On August 9, 1956, several hundredblacks women held the demonstration in Pretoria, protested theauthority carried out the racial segregation "the pass law". The newSouth African government decides as this day the International WorkingWomen's Day, by commemorates the South African woman in to strive forthe contribution which in the equal struggle does, and decides as thisday the national male holiday. From this time on, every year on August9, the South African each place woman holds each kind of form inabundance celebration, the request realizes the equality of the sexes,the conclusion parties and groups conflict and the violence,guaranteed the woman survives the rights and interests and theopposition sexual harassment. and the natural crime, eliminates theingrained discrimination woman's influence which the old South Africaracial segregation system creates.
明.设计
产生背景：
英、法等国资本主义大工业的迅速发展，为妇女运动的产生提供了经济条件，19世纪30-40年代，英、法等国进入到机器工业大发展的阶段，以大机器为主体的工厂制度代替了工场手工业制度，社会生产力得到迅速而巨大的发展；资产阶级革命在各国取得胜利，
为妇女运动的产生提供了政治条件，妇女积极参加了本国资产阶级革命运动，妇女运动伴随着资产阶级革命而开始兴起；文艺复兴运动，宗教改革运动和启蒙运动中的“自由”、“平等”、“天赋人权”思想为妇女运动的产生提供了思想条件，
如美国的《独立宣言》和法国的《人权宣言》，启发了妇女争取平等权利斗争的觉悟，是妇女运动产生的直接思想根源和理论基础。
在产业革命的影响下，先进女性冲破中世纪以来的封建束缚，走向社会，拥有与男子同等抗衡的社会分量。然而，新兴的男权政客依然蔑视妇女，于是她们开始了争取平等权利的斗争。
1910年8月，在丹麦首都哥本哈根召开了国际社会主义者第二次妇女代表大会。出席会议的有17个国家的代表，会议讨论的主要问题是反对帝国主义扩军备战，保卫世界和平；同时还讨论了保护妇女儿童的权利，争取8小时工作制和妇女选举权问题。
领导这次会议的著名德国社会主义革命家、杰出的共产主义战士克拉拉·蔡特金倡议，以每年的3月8日作为全世界妇女的斗争日，得到与会代表的一致拥护。
从此以后，“三八”妇女节就成为世界妇女争取权利、争取解放的节日。
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