高中英语单词拓展

Unit 2 Healthy eating语言点重点词汇: balance, upset, benefit, diet, offer, serve, discount, consider, operate, combine, tired, hurry, frustrate, limit重点短语:cut down, in debt, earn one’s living, get away with，glare at重点句型1. nothing could be better…2. Why don't you do...？3. have sb. doing sth.知识讲解balance【原句回放】What will happen to you if you don’t eat a balanced diet？(P9) 假如你的饮食不均衡会怎么样?【点拨】balance1. (n.) (1) [U]平衡 lose/keep one’s balance 失去/保持平衡be off balance 不平稳的，摇摆的sense of balance 平衡感(2) [U, sing]平衡;均衡 Pesticides seriously upset the balance of nature. 杀虫剂严重影响了大自然的平衡。(3) [C]天平，秤 Weigh it on the balance. 在天平上秤一下重量。(4) [C, usu sing] 收支差额，余额 My bank balance isn’t good. 我银行存款不多。2. (v.)(1) (vt./vi.) （使…)保持平衡 How long can you balance on one foot? 你单脚能保持平衡多长时间？Balancing my cup of coffee in one hand, I managed to open the door.我一只手拿稳咖啡杯，我设法打开了门。(2) (vt.) 结算to balance an account 结算【拓展】balanced adj. 保持（或）显示平衡的keep a balanced diet 保持饮食平衡upset【原句回放】I don’t want to upset you, but I found your menu so limited that I stopped worrying and started advertising the benefits of my food. (P14) 我并不想让你心烦，不过我发现你菜谱上的菜太少了，所以我也就不着急了，并开始宣传我的食物的好处。【点拨】upset (upset, upset, upsetting)1. adj. 不快的，心烦意乱的，烦恼的 常用搭配：be upset (with sb.) (by/about/at sth.) （因为某物对某人）感到心烦She was really upset about the way her father treated her. 她真的为父亲对她的态度而烦恼。(2) vt. (upset, upset) 弄翻；使心烦意乱 Don’t do anything that would upset him. 不要做任何让他心烦的事。He upset a bowl of soup. 他打翻了一碗汤。benefit重点例句： …but I found your menu so limited that I stopped worrying… ……不过我发现你菜谱上的菜太少了，所以我也就不着急了……【点拨】benefit1. (vt.) 有益于 常用结构：sth. benefit sb. These facilities have benefited the whole town. 这些设备有益于整个镇子。2. (vi.) 受益，得到好处 常用结构：sb. benefit from sth. 得益于He hasn’t benefited from the experience. 他没有从这次经历中受益。3. (n.)好处，益处，帮助 常用结构：be of benefit to =be beneficial to… 对……有益处的for the benefit of 为了……的利益The new regulations will be of great benefit (=be highly beneficial) to us all.这个新规则会对我们所有人都有好处的。The money is to be used for the benefit of the poor.这些钱是为了穷人的利益而使用的。diet【原句回放】Everybody has to eat，but do you eat a healthy diet? (P9)每个人都必须吃饭，但是你吃得健康吗?【点拨】diet n. 饮食，节食vt. & vi. （使）节制饮食常用搭配：be/go on a diet在节食put sb. on a diet限制某人的饮食；使某人节食a balanced diet 一份平衡饮食diet drinks 低热量饮料The doctor says I’ve got to go on a diet．医生说我必须节食。The doctor has dieted the patient strictly．医生严格规定病人的饮食。The physician put him on a special diet.内科医生给他吃特定的食物。【拓展】dietary n. 规定饮食(法)dietetic adj. 饮食的offer【原句回放】What special food of your place would you offer them? (P9)你要给他们提供当地的什么特色食品?【点拨】offer1. v. 提供，出价，提议常用搭配：offer sb. sth. ＝offer sth. to sb. 向某人提供某物offer to do提议做……He offered me a glass of wine. 他端给我一杯酒。She offered to lend me her bike. 她提出将自行车借给我。The boy offered to pay for the desk he had broken.那男孩主动提出赔偿被他弄坏的桌子。The next morning we offered our boat for only 6 dollars.第二天上午我们仅以6美元出售我们的船。2. n. 出价，提议an offer of ￡100 出价100英镑The company offered the job to someone else．公司把这项工作给别人了。We accepted his offer．我们接受了他的提议。serve【原句回放】At the library Wang Peng was surprised to find that his restaurant served far too much fat and Yong Hui’s far too little．(P10)在图书馆，王鹏吃惊地发现。他餐馆的食物脂肪含量太高，而雍慧餐馆的食物脂肪含量又太少。【点拨】serve v. 服务(役)，任(职)；提供(饭菜)；(一份饭)够……常用搭配：serve sb. 招待某人；为某人服务serve as… 作为……而服务(指职业)serve the dinner提供饭菜serve sb. with sth (serve sth. to sb.) 拿出某物款待某人；供给某人某物Have all the guests been served(with) food and drink?给所有的客人都上了饭菜饮品了吗?We serve coffee in the shop．我们店有咖啡奉客。He has served his country well.他为国尽职。He served some sweets to the children.他为孩子们拿来了糖。This packet of soup serves two.这包汤料够两个人食用。【拓展】service n. 服务，服役，维修服务discount【原句回放】Perhaps with a discount and a new sign he could win his customers back．(P10)也许打点折、写个新的标牌，能够赢回他的顾客。【点拨】discount n. & v. 折扣，打折；将……打折扣；不全相信，漠视，低估常见搭配：at a discount 打折扣，减价get/give/offer a discount得到/给予/提供折扣They were selling everything at a discount．他们销售的所有商品都打折。You can discount what Jack said：he’s a dreadful liar．杰克说的话你不必当真，他可是个说谎大王。In his plans，he discounted the expense．他的计划中通低估了费用。With a discount up to 25%, he spent far less money on the computer.因为有25%的折扣，这台电脑他少花了不少钱。consider【原句回放】So when I consider the food，the cars and the jobs…(P52)所以，当我考虑食品、汽车以及工作的时候……【点拨】consider v. 认为，考虑常用搭配：consider sb. as... 把某人看作……consider sb. /sth. (to be)+n. /adj. 认为某人/某物……consider(doing) sth. 考虑(做)某事We consider this (to be) very important．我们认为这非常重要。(2015 四川高考) What did the boy consider doing first after he ordered soda?那个男孩儿点了苏打水后考虑做什么？We are considering going to Canada．我们正考虑到加拿大去。【拓展】consideration n. 考虑considerate adj. 考虑周到的considerable adj. 相当的，重要的，可观的under consideration 考虑中take sth. into consideration(=consider sth．)考虑某事It was considerate of you not to play the piano while I was asleep．在我睡觉时你不弹钢琴，真是体贴入微。operate【原句回放】In America．McDonald’s does not allow workers’ unions to operate in its restaurants…(P52)在美国，麦当劳不允许餐馆有工会运转……【点拨】operate v. 运转；操作；做手术常用搭配：operate on sb. =do an operation on sb．给某人做手术operate a machine开机器operating system操作系统operating table手术台This machine operates night and day．这台机器日夜运转。This famous doctor has operated on many important people.这位名医为许多重要人物做过手术。They operate two factories and a huge warehouse.他们经营三家工厂和一个大仓库。【拓展】operation n. 操作；运转(方式)；作用；手术combine【原句回放】Perhaps we ought to combine our ideas…(P15)也许我们应该把我们的想法结合起来……【点拨】combine v. (使)联合；(使)结合常用搭配：combine with sth．同……结合成一体combine A and B合并A和B／使A和B合成一体Hydrogen and oxygen combineto form waterHydrogen combines with oxygen氢和氧结合成水。Combine the eggs with a little flour and heat the mixture gently．把鸡蛋和少量面粉混合在一起轻轻加热。We can't always combine work with pleasure.我们并不总是能在工作中享受到乐趣。【拓展】combination n. 合作，联合体tired【原句回放】Tired of all that fat? (P10)肥腻的东西吃厌了吗?【点拨】tired adj. 疲惫的，厌倦的常用搭配：be/get tired of对……感到厌倦be/get tired from doing因做……而疲劳be/get tired with sth．因……而疲劳I’m tired of his silly questions．我厌倦了他那些愚蠢的问题。He got tired from reading．他看书看累了。【拓展】tiring adj. 令人疲惫的tiresome adj. 令人厌倦的tire sb. out 使某人精疲力竭hurry【原句回放】Suddenly he saw his friend Li Chang hurrying by．(P10)突然间，他看到他的朋友李昌匆匆地走过。【点拨】hurry v. ＆ n. 匆忙1. hurry v.常用搭配：hurry up赶快hurry sb. /sth. up 使某人／某事物加快速度／快速行动hurry to a place匆忙去某地hurry by从旁边匆匆经过hurry off匆匆离开Don’t hurry：there’s plenty of time．别着急，时间还有很多。I wish the train would hurry up and come．我希望列车快点到来。2. hurry n.常用搭配：in a hurry(＝hurriedly，quickly)迅速地，急忙地in a hurry to do sth. (＝be eager to do sth．)急于做某事in no hurry to do sth．不急于做某事；不愿意做某事He was in a hurry to leave．他急匆匆地离开了。(2015 浙江高考) I was always interested to see the drivers in a hurry in the morning.早晨看见那些司机们匆匆忙忙的我总是很感兴趣。frustrate【原句回放】Wang Peng sat in his empty restaurant feeling very frustrated．(P10)王鹏坐在空荡荡的餐馆里，感到十分沮丧。【点拨】frustrate vt. 挫败，使沮丧常用搭配：frustrate sb. 使某人受挫败；扰乱/阻挠某人sb. be frustrated by... 某人因……而灰心/沮丧The terrible weather frustrated our hopes of going out．恶劣的天气使我们外出的愿望无法实现。He was frustrated by repeated failures．他因一再失败而灰心丧气。【拓展】frustrated adj. 灰心丧气的，沮丧的（表示人的感觉）frustrating adj. 使人讨厌的；使人灰心的（表示事物性质）I find it frustrating that I can’t speak other languages.我不会说别的语言,感到惘然若失。I’m feeling rather frustrated in my present job; I need a change.我感到现在干得很不顺心,需要换一换工作。limit【原句回放】... but I found your menu so limited that I stopped worrying and started advertising the benefits of my food．(P14)……不过我发现你菜谱上的菜太少了，所以我也就不着急了，并开始宣传我的食物的好处。【点拨】limit vt. 限制，限定 n. 限度，限制常用搭配：limit... to... 把……限制在/到……set a limit to/on sth．设定对某事的限度the limit of one’s patience某人忍耐的限度within limits适度地；有限度地without limits无限地go/beyond/over the limit超过限度There’ s a limit to how much I’m prepared to spend．我准备花多少钱是有限度的。I shall limit myself to three aspects of the subject．我仅探讨这一问题的三个方面。【拓展】limited adj. 有限的，不多的The amount of money we have is limited．我们的钱有限。We had only limited communion with the natives．我们与当地人的交往很有限。重点短语：cut down【原句回放】In this way they cut down the fat and increased the fibre in the meal．(P15)这样，他们减少了饭菜中的脂肪含量，增加了纤维素。【点拨】cut down 砍伐；削减，降低Many big trees along t he road have been cut down for building houses．路旁的许多大树都被砍掉建房了。This factory's production has been cut down．这家工厂的生产减少了。Expenses ought to be cut down in every way. 应该在一切方面减少开支。【拓展】含cut的短语cut up切碎，割碎，使伤心 cut in打断(谈话)，插嘴cut off切断；使隔绝 cut out(=stop functioning)不再起作用，停止运转One of the aircraft’s engines cut out．飞机的一个发动机失灵了。The army was cut off from its base．那支部队与基地失去了联系。Don’t cut in when others are talking. 别人说话时别插话。in debt【原句回放】He did not look forward to being in debt…(P14)他不希望负债……【点拨】in debt负债常用搭配：be in one’s debt/in debt to sb．欠某人的债，受某人的恩惠She was always in debt when she was out of work.她失业后总是负债。You have been so kind to us that we shall always feel we are deeply in your debt.你待我们太好了，我们将永远感激不尽。【拓展】相关短语get/run into debt 负债，借债 out of debt不欠债pay off the debt还清债务It’s much easier to get into debt than to get out of debt．借债容易还债难。earn one’s living【原句回放】Perhaps he would be able to earn his living after all…(P14)也许他仍然能够谋生……【点拨】earn one’s living谋生，度日= make one’s livingHe left his office job to try to make a living on the land．他辞去了办公室的工作，努力以务农为生。【拓展】“谋生，度日”的表示方法：earn one’s breadmake the pot boilkeep the pot boilingearn one’s respect 赢得某人的尊敬earn one’s confidence 赢得某人的自信get away with【原句回放】He could not have Yong Hui getting away with telling people lies! (P10) 他可不能让雍慧哄骗人们却不受惩罚!【点拨】get away with (doing) sth. (做坏事/某事)不受惩罚；携……潜逃，偷走I won’t have you getting away with cheating in the exam.我不能容忍(允许)你考试作弊而不受处罚。He was so lucky to get away with a fine for such a serious mistake.他犯了如此严重的错误，侥幸只交了罚款了事。The child ought to be punished．You shouldn’t let him get away with telling lies．应该处罚这孩子，不能让他撒谎而不受惩罚。The thief got away with the contents of the safe．小偷把保险柜里的东西偷走了。【拓展】易混短语do away with 废除，消灭，去掉 break away from 脱离,逃离keep away from 避开；（使） 不接近 stay away from 与……保持距离glare at【原句回放】She did not look happy but glared at him．(P14)她瞪着他，看上去不太高兴。【点拨】glare at 怒视They stopped arguing and glared at each other．他们停止了争论，怒视着对方。Don’t glare at me like that, you deserved the scolding.