英语高级句型必背

句型1 “wish +宾语从句”，表示不大 可能实现的愿望 表示现在的愿望：主语+过去时； 表示过去的愿望：主语+had done； 表示将来的愿望：主语+would/could do [例句] How I wish we students had more free time to relax ourselves! 我们学生多么希望有更多的自由时间放松自己！ 句型2 It’s high/about time that somebody did (should do) (should通常不省略) …早就该…… [例句] It’s high time that we did something to improve our environment. 该是我们为环保做些事情了。 句型3 would rather that somebody did…“宁愿……；更愿意……”(表示现在或将来的愿望) would rather that somebody had done…“宁愿……；更愿意……”（表示过去的愿望） [例句] I’d rather you posted the letter right now. 我想让你现在去寄信。 I’d rather you were not a celebrated actor. In that case, we could spend more time together. 我到情愿你不是个知名演员，这样我们可以有更多的时间在一起。 I’d rather that I hadn’t seen her yesterday. 我情愿昨天没有看到她。 句型4 as if/though+主语+did/had done…好像……（表示现在或将来的情况用过去时；表示过去的情况用过去完成时） [例句] Alan talked about Rome as if he had been there. Alan谈起罗马来就好像他去过那里似的。 句型5 情态动词+动词不定式完成结构的用法 could have done “本来可以……”（表示过去没有实现的可能）。 might have done “本来可能……；本来应该或可以做某事”（实际没有发生；含有轻微的责备语气。 should/ought to have done “本来该做某事”（而实际未做） should not/ought not to have done “本来不该做”（实际却做过了，含有责备语气） needn’t have done “本来不必做”（但是已经做过了） would rather have done “当时宁愿做了某事”（实际没有做过）； 否定式would rather not have done表达相反意思，两者都有表示“后悔”之意so/such that句型 (1) so that （引导结果状语从句）结果……例：We were late so that the teacher was angry. 我们迟到，使得教师生气了。(2) so that = in order that （目的状语从句）以便，为了例：I hurried so that I wouldn't be late for class．为了上课不迟到，我匆忙起来。In order that he should not be late, his mother woke him at 6.为了使他不致迟到，他母亲在6点钟叫醒了他。(3) so +形容词+（或a/an+ 名词）+that 如此……以致于…… 例：I've been working so hard recently that I haven't had any time for collecting new stamps. 我近来一直很忙，没时间搜集新邮票。(4) such +名词（或an/a+形容词 + 名词）+--- that 例：It is such an unusual work of art that everyone wants to have a look at it这是一个异乎寻常的艺术作品，人人都想看一看。as, though, although引导的让步状语从句。[注意]although位于句首；though位于句首或句中；as位于句中=though。它的词序是把句中强调的形容词、副词、动词或名词放在连词前。[参考倒装结构] 请注意下列句式的变化：[例句]1. Although/Though I’m young, I already know what career I want to follow.→Young as/though I am, I already know what career I want to follow.我虽然年轻，但我已经明白我应该追随什么样的事业。2. Although/Though I respect him very much, I cannot agree with his idea. →Much as/though I respect him, I cannot agree with his idea. 虽然我很尊重他，但是我不同意他的观点。3. Although/Though he is a child, he knows a lot of Chinese characters. →Child（省略冠词）as/though he is, he knows a lot of Chinese characters. 他虽然还是个孩子，却认识了许多汉字。4. Although he tried, he couldn’t solve the problem. →Try as he might, he couldn’t solve the problem. 尽管他努力了，但是他没有解决问题。5. Although it is raining, I’m going out for a walk. →Raining as it is, I’m going out for a walk. 天虽然在下雨，我还是要出去散步。 6. Strange as it may seem, nobody was injured in the accident. 这次意外虽然显得不可思议，却没有人受伤。7. Much as I would like to help, I have a lot to do. 虽然我很想帮助你，但是我有很多事要做。8. Object as you may, I will go. 纵使你反对，我也要去句型7 …before…特殊用法（1）“没来得及……就……”[例句]The roof fell before he had time to dash into the room to save his baby.他还没有来得及冲进房间救孩子，房顶就塌了。He ran off before I could stop him. 我还没有来得及阻止，他已经跑了。To my great disappointment, my favorite singer left the concert before I could have a word with her. 让我非常失望的是，我还没有来得及和我最喜欢的歌手打招呼，她就已经离开了。句型8 …before…特殊用法（2）“过了多久才……”或“动作进行到什么程度才……”[例句]They walked about fifty miles to the west before they saw a village.他们西行50英里才看到一个村庄。The workers worked day and night about three days before everything returned to normal.工人们连续工作3天才使一切恢复正常。He almost knocked me down before he knew it.他几乎撞到我了才意识到。We had walked a long way before we found some water. 我们走了很长的路才找到一点水。Five years went by before I knew it. 不知不觉，五年过去了。句型9 It was + 时间段+before….“过了多久才（怎么样）……”It was not long before….“不久，就……”It will (not) be +时间段+before….“要过多久（不久）……才……”(before从句谓语动词要用一般时态)[例句]It was not long before he sensed the danger of the position.不久他就意识到他处境的危险。It was five days before he came back. 五天后他才回来。It will be half a year before you graduate from the school. 再过半年你才能毕业。It will not be long before they understand each other. 他们大概不久就会互相了解。句型10in case of…(+n.) “以防；万一”；in case that…“以防，万一……”（谓语动词用一般现在时态或should+动词原形）[例句]In case of fire, what should we do?Please remind me about it in case I forget/should forget. 万一我忘了，请提醒我。In case (that) John comes/should come, please tell him to wait.Please take your umbrella in case (that it rains/should rain).带上雨伞，以防下雨It强调句型强调句的基本构成：It is/was + 被强调的部分 + who（主要指人时）/that + 其余部分[注意1]这种结构可以强调句子的主语、宾语、状语（包括时间，地点，方式，原因等），但是不能强调谓语动词（参考句型15）。原句的谓语动词如果是现在或将来时态，用It is…that/who….；原句的谓语动词如果是过去时态，用It was…that/who….； 强调时间、地点、原因或方式时不要用when, where或how, 必须用that。 …until….“直到……时候”；not…until…“直到……才……”[例句]You are to stay until/till your mother comes back. 你得等到你妈妈回来。The meeting was put off until ten o’clock. 会议推迟到十点钟。 when除了用来引导主语从句、宾语从句、时间状语从句、表语从句和定语从句，还有一种用法值得关注，那就是when引导并列分句，意思是“这时突然；就在那时”，强调另一个动作的突然发生。常用于以下句型中：（1）、主语 + be doing… when…意思是“正在做某事这时……”；（2）、主语 + be about to do…when…；（3）、主语+be on the point of (doing) …when…意思是“正要去做某事这时……”while引导的从句while除了有“当/在……时候”的意思外（注意：引导的句子谓语动词只能是延续性动词！），另外的两层意思也是考查的重点：（1）while = although “尽管”、“虽然”，引导让步状语从句；（2）while的意思是“然而；可是”，常用来表达对比关系。 as引导的非限制性定语从句在as引导的非限制性定语从句中，连接代词as在句子中可以作主语、宾语或表语等，可以指人或物。其在定语从句中的位置比较灵活，即可以在句子前面，在句子中间或句子末尾。常用的结构有：as we all know; as is well known to…; as is often the case; as is said/mentioned above; as has been said before; as I told you before; as is evident; as often happens; as can be seen; as is/was expected; as we expect; as I can remember等。[注意1]as通常只指整个句子的内容，不表示部分内容。[注意2]as引导的非限制性定语从句通常指“事先可以预料到的”“料想到的”，表达“好”的方面。[注意3]as引导限制性定语从句时，常构成the same…as…; such…as…; so/as …as…等结构。在从句中既可以指人、物，也可以指整个句子。[例句] This is also part of your work, as I told you before. 我曾告诉过你，这也是你工作的一部分。The man was a teacher, as was evident from his way of speaking. 从那人说话的样子可明显看出，他是个老师。Such ideas as he hits on are worthless. 像他那样偶然想起的主意是无用的。It’s the same story as I heard from her yesterday. 这故事跟我从她那儿听到的相同。He will marry as pretty a girl as he can find. 他要尽可能找漂亮的女孩结婚。 Such people as have made great contributions to the world should be greatly respected. here, there, out, in, up, down, now, then, away等副词放在句首，句子需要全部倒装[例句]There goes the bell! = The bell is ringing. 铃响了！Here comes the bus. =The bus is coming. 汽车来了。Now comes your turn to make a short speech. 该轮到你发言了。Away went the thief when he saw the police. Then came the hour we had been looking forward to. 我们期盼的时候到了。 [注意]（1）在这种情况下倒装仅限于不及物动词或be动词，像go, come, rush, live, stand, lie等。（2）主语是人称代词时不要倒装。如：Away he went. 他走远了否定意义的副词或短语放在句首，句子半倒装。这样的副词主要有：little, seldom, hardly, rarely, scarcely, never, not at all, by no means（决不）, at no time（在任何时候都不），nowhere, in no case (无论如何都不)；not in the least (=not at all) , on no condition（决不） 等。