英语的来历英文版

People are aware that English has 26 letters. But the 26 letters of origin, I am afraid people will not know more. It turned out that the letters originated from the Latin alphabet, the Latin origins in the Greek alphabet, and Greek letters by the Phoenician alphabet evolved

English is a West Germanic language that was first spoken in early medieval England and eventually became a global lingua franca.

英语是一种西日耳曼语言，最早在中世纪早期的英国使用，最终成为全球通用语言。

It is named after the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes that migrated to the area of Great Britain that later took their name, as England. Both names derive from Anglia, a peninsula in the Baltic Sea.

它是以盎格鲁人命名的，盎格鲁人是迁移到大不列颠地区的日耳曼部落之一，后来以他们的名字命名为英格兰。这两个名字都来源于波罗的海半岛安格利亚。

The language is closely related to Frisian and Low Saxon, and its vocabulary has been significantly influenced by other Germanic languages, particularly Norse (a North Germanic language), and to a greater extent by Latin and French.

该语言与弗里西亚语和下萨克森语密切相关，其词汇受到其他日耳曼语言，特别是挪威语（北日耳曼语言）的显著影响，并且在很大程度上受到拉丁语和法语的影响。

English has developed over the course of more than 1,400 years. The earliest forms of English, a group of West Germanic (Ingvaeonic) dialects brought to Great Britain by Anglo-Saxon settlers in the 5th century, are collectively called Old English.

英语已经发展了1400多年。英语的最早形式是5世纪盎格鲁撒克逊殖民者带到英国的一组西日耳曼方言，统称为古英语。

Middle English began in the late 11th century with the Norman conquest of England; this was a period in which the language was influenced by French.

中世纪英语始于11世纪末，诺曼征服了英格兰，这是一个受法语影响的时期。

Early Modern English began in the late 15th century with the introduction of the printing press to London, the printing of the King James Bible and the start of the Great Vowel Shift.

早期的现代英语始于15世纪末，随着印刷机的引入伦敦，詹姆斯国王的圣经印刷和大元音移位的开始。

Through the worldwide influence of the British Empire, and later the United States, Modern English has been spreading around the world since the 17th century.

通过大英帝国以及后来的美国的全球影响，现代英语自17世纪以来一直在世界各地传播。

Through all types of printed and electronic media, and spurred by the emergence of the United States as a global superpower, English has become the leading language of international discourse and the lingua franca in many regions and professional contexts such as science, navigation and law.

通过各种印刷媒体和电子媒体，在美国成为全球超级大国的推动下，英语已成为国际话语的主导语言，成为科学、航海和法律等许多领域和专业背景下的通用语。

英语的起源从公元5世纪说起。那时欧陆的撒克逊人和盎格鲁人、裘特人，北渡海峡，到了不列颠岛，征服了当地的部落，成了岛上的主人。他们以后就称为盎格鲁·撒克逊人，使用的古日耳曼方言就成了盎格鲁·撒克逊语，也就是古英语。

公元9至10世纪，居住在斯堪的纳维亚的北欧日耳曼人（即诺曼人），征服了今天法国北部的高卢地区。但他们的语言和文化却很快被当地说古法语的高卢人所征服。

这部分法语化了的诺曼人在11世纪又渡海北上征服了整个不列颠，在几个世纪中统治着英国，但在语言的征服上不太成功。这一时期，古英语吸收了大量的古法语和法语化了的希腊拉丁语词汇，使英语的词汇和语法结构发生了巨大的变化。

公元16世纪，进入了近代英语和现代英语的发展时期。这一时期的英语是以英王詹姆斯钦定《圣经》英译本和莎士比亚戏剧为代表的，但和现代英语还有相当大的不同。

The Origin Of EnglishEnglish is a special cultrure . This kind of cultrure is in the specific condtions of natural environment,history,geography and social reality,thus has particularity.Go by,migration of ethnic people and be conquered.In 500 BC,the Celts intrude into Britain and seize the whole city. Cornish is the first language in the Britain. Meanwhile, the language are used in the north hilly area of Scotland\the west of Scotland .By 449 A.D. , the Angles,the Saxons,the Jutes were encroach on Britain.About a century and a half , the KELT almost were slay.For the teeth outwards,the three invasive tribe had the same lanuage,they used Germanic.The intruder TIW many ministates.After the ethnic amalgamation and development of about 6-7 centuries the ministates unified in language,culture and religion,ect.AS a result ,the Old English is appeared.The Anglian by way of the development of polity and civization ,The ENGLISC is appeared.By 1000 A.D. ,the whole city is called Englaland ,the means is land of the Angles,Englisc is today's English;Englaland is today's England.英语是在特定的地理和历史环境中，经过一系列的民族迁移和征服过程所形成的。公元前500年，凯尔特人进犯并占领了不列颠岛。凯尔特语言是史料依据所发现的不列颠岛上最早的语言，这种语言当今还为苏格兰北部、西部山地民族使用。公元449年，居住在丹麦附近的三个日耳其部族Angles，Saxons，Jutes侵犯不列颠，经过长达一个世纪的征服过程，几乎灭绝了原来的凯尔特人。这2个入侵部落在语言上是相通的，他们都使用一种古代日耳其各民族通用的文字。入侵者形成了许多小国。到7世纪，这些小国合并成7个王国。随着人类的发展，Angles，Saxons，Jutes形成同意的英吉利民族，他们各自使用各自的方言也逐渐划一，出现一种新的语言：Angles语言，就是古英语。在不断地发展后，早期拉丁学者就用Angil来统称所有的三个部落，并用Angles语言，又被成为了：Englisc。到了公元1000年，整个国家叫Englaland，意思是land of Angles。以后由于语言内部发音和拼写的演变，Englisc和Enlaland才变成了今天的English和Enland。

英语的起源：

In 1066, William I, the Duke of Normandy, who ruled northwest of the Kingdom of France, conquered the Kingdom of England and became King of England. All the British nobles were changed into French and intermarried with the nobles of France.

公元1066年，割据法兰西王国西北部的诺曼底公爵威廉一世征服英格兰王国，成为英格兰国王，所有的英国贵族也都换成法国人，并且和法国本土的贵族通婚。

During the more than 300 years of the Norman Conquest, the monarchs and nobles of the Kingdom of England spoke French, while the clergy used Latin and Middle English. Around 1500, Middle English evolved into Modern English.

诺曼征服的三百余年间，英格兰王国的君主与贵族都讲法语，教士们则习用拉丁语，中古英语。1500年左右，中古英语演变成为近代英语。

The spelling letters used in modern English are also completely borrowed from 26 letters. The so-called "English alphabet" is the spelling letter used by ancient Romans in writing. English began to use the Latin alphabet as a spelling system around the sixth century A.D. in Anglo-Saxon times.

现代英语所使用的拼写字母，也是完全借用了26个字母。所谓“英语字母”，就是古罗马人在书写时所使用的拼写字母。英语开始以拉丁字母作为拼写系统大约是在公元六世纪盎格鲁撒克逊时代。

The missionaries introduced letters in order to record the local language into words. The problem they faced was that there were more than 40 different pronunciations in English at that time, but the Latin letters could not correspond to each other.

So they used the methods of adding letters, adding mutants to letters, and connecting two letters to correspond to different pronunciations. Later, a text system of 26 Latin letters plus plus some spelling rules was formed in Old English.

当时的传教士们为了把当地语言记录成文字而引进字母，他们所面临的问题是当时的英语共有超过40种不同的音，而拉丁字母无法一一对应，于是他们用增加字母、在字母上加变音符号、两个字母连写等方法来对应不同的发音，之后慢慢形成了古英语用26个拉丁字母+&来拼写并伴有一些拼写规则的文字系统。

扩展资料

1、词汇量

英语的词汇量非常庞大（总计990,000个），但如果要估计具体数字，必须先判断哪些能够算作其单词。不过与其他语言不同，并没有一个权威学术机构来规定何为正式的词汇。医学、科技领域不断涌现新词，一些进入了大众日常用语中，其他只在一小部分人群内部使用。移民群体带来的外语单词也经常融入英语社会中去。

2、语法

英语语法基于日耳曼语源，虽然一些18世纪和19世纪的学者试图把法语和古拉丁语的语法应用于英语，但是并不成功。英语与其他所有的印欧语系语言相比，没有那么复杂的屈折变化，也失去了几乎所有阴阳性变化，基本上，英语除了人称代词以外，已失去了性和格的分别了，它更强调词语间相对固定的顺序，也就是说英语正朝向分析语的方向发展。

参考资料来源：百度百科-英语

Old English, until 1066 Immigrants from Denmark and NW Germany arrived in Britain in the 5th and 6th Centuries A.D., speaking in related dialects belonging to the Germanic and Teutonic branches of the Indo-European language family. Today, English is most closely related to Flemish, Dutch, and German, and is somewhat related to Icelandic, Norwegian, Danish, and Swedish. Icelandic, unchanged for 1,000 years, is very close to Old English. Viking invasions, begun in the 8th Century, gave English a Norwegian and Danish influence which lasted until the Norman Conquest of 1066. Old English Words The Angles came from an angle-shaped land area in contemporary Germany. Their name "Angli" from the Latin and commonly-spoken, pre-5th Century German mutated into the Old English "Engle". Later, "Engle" changed to "Angel-cyn" meaning "Angle-race" by A.D. 1000, changing to "Engla-land". Some Old English words which have survived intact include: feet, geese, teeth, men, women, lice, and mice. The modern word "like" can be a noun, adjective, verb, and preposition. In Old English, though, the word was different for each type: gelica as a noun, geic as an adjective, lician as a verb, and gelice as a preposition. Middle English, from 1066 until the 15th Century The Norman Invasion and Conquest of Britain in 1066 and the resulting French Court of William the Conqueror gave the Norwegian-Dutch influenced English a Norman-Parisian-French effect. From 1066 until about 1400, Latin, French, and English were spoken. English almost disappeared entirely into obscurity during this period by the French and Latin dominated court and government. However, in 1362, the Parliament opened with English as the language of choice, and the language was saved from extinction. Present-day English is approximately 50% Germanic (English and Scandinavian) and 50% Romance (French and Latin). Middle English Words Many new words added to Middle English during this period came from Norman French, Parisian French, and Scandinavian. Norman French words imported into Middle English include: catch, wage, warden, reward, and warrant. Parisian French gave Middle English: chase, guarantee, regard, guardian, and gage. Scandinavian gave to Middle English the important word of law. English nobility had titles which were derived from both Middle English and French. French provided: prince, duke, peer, marquis, viscount, and baron. Middle English independently developed king, queen, lord, lady, and earl. Governmental administrative divisions from French include county, city, village, justice, palace, mansion, and residence. Middle English words include town, home, house, and hall. Early Modern English, from the 15th Century to the 17th Century During this period, English became more organized and began to resemble the modern version of English. Although the word order and sentence construction was still slightly different, Early Modern English was at least recognizable to the Early Modern English speaker. For example, the Old English "To us pleases sailing" became "We like sailing." Classical elements, from Greek and Latin, profoundly influenced work creation and origin. From Greek, Early Modern English received grammar, logic, arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, and music. Also, the "tele-" prefix meaning "far" later used to develop telephone and television was taken. Modern English, from the 17th Century to Modern Times Modern English developed through the efforts of literary and political writings, where literacy was uniformly found. Modern English was heavily influenced by classical usage, the emergence of the university-educated class, Shakespeare, the common language found in the East Midlands.