金融英语短文故事

经济学人：加拿大的住宅市场Finance and Economics; 财经；Canada's housing market; 加拿大的住宅市场；Time for a bigger needle; 该出手时就出手；The latest attempt to prick a bubble;戳破泡沫的最新举措；经济学人：Canada's reputation for financial regulation is starry. Its banksgot through the crisis unscathed. According to Moody's, a ratings agency, Royal Bank of Canadasits alongside HSBC and JPMorgan Chase in the top tier of global banks. And Canadianpolicymakers are old hands at pulling “macroprudential” levers of the sort now in vogue amongrich-world central banks.加拿大的金融监管一向广受赞誉。它的银行业在这场危机中做到了独善其身。根据评级机构穆迪的报告，加拿大皇家银行与汇丰银行以及摩根大通同列，跻身全球银行界的第一梯队。同时，加拿大的政策制定者也是运用宏观审慎政策的老手，这一政策如今也常被其他富国的央行使用。But questions still nag. Some say that Canada's banks are flattered by a huge indemnity offeredby Canada Mortgage and Housing Corp (CMHC), a public institution that insures mortgages witha loan-to-value ratio of more than 80%. CHMC's book grew to 567 billion Canadian Dollar(557 billion Dollar) in 2011, up from 345 billion Canadian Dollar four years earlier. And Canada'shousing market looks very frothy on some measures: The Economist's analysis of price-to-rentratios suggests that Canadian properties were about 75% above their long-run “fair value” in thefirst quarter of 2012 (see chart). Although less than 0.5% of CHMC's mortgages are in arrears, such exuberance is a worry. The central bank recently labelled housing as “the most importantdomestic risk to financial stability in Canada”.但是，仍有问题缠身。部分人士认为，加拿大的银行被加拿大抵押和住房公司（CMHC）提供的巨额补偿金美化了，CMHC是一家为贷款估值比率超过80%的抵押贷款提供保险的公共机构。在2011年，CHMC的抵押贷款额从四年前的3450亿增长到了5670亿加元（合5570亿美元）。并且，从一些指标来看，加拿大的房地产充斥着泡沫：《经济学人》以房价租金比所做的分析显示，在2012年第一季度，加拿大的物业价格高出它们的长期公允价值75%。纵然仅有低于0.5%的CHMC抵押贷款存在拖欠的情况，但这样的繁荣仍让人忧虑。最近，央行也冠以楼市 “危及加拿大金融稳定性的最大国内隐患”。Repeated efforts by policymakers to take the heat out of housing have not had a noticeableeffect. So on June 21st Jim Flaherty, the finance minister, had another go, his fourth in fouryears. Some of the new measures were cosmetic. Buyers of homes worth more than 1m Dollarhave been able to get mortgage-default insurance from CMHC with a downpayment of only 5%. In practice, it is hard to find buyers in this bracket who do not have lots of equity in their homes. But after July 9th mortgages for homes of this value will not be eligible for CMHC coverage.政策制定者们给楼市降温的不断尝试并无明显成效。于是，在6月21日，加拿大财长吉姆·费拉逖，在四年来第四次出台了一些新举措。新措施中的一些不过是表面功夫。价值过百万美元住宅的买主能得到由CMHC担保的债务违约保险以及首付仅付5%的优惠待遇。而事实上，很少有这类购房者在购房时不以大量自有资金支付价款的。不过，在6月9日之后，这类住宅将不再适用于CMHC的保险范围。Other measures have more teeth. The maximum amortisation period for a mortgage will now be25 years, down from 30. That should hurt demand: last year about 40% of new mortgages werefor terms longer than that. Refinancing a home will be allowed only up to 80% of its value, downfrom 85%. Homebuyers will have to demonstrate their housing costs are no more than 39% oftheir gross household income. On top of Mr Flaherty's measures, the Office of theSuperintendent of Financial Institutions, Canada's banking regulator, slapped a loan-to-value limitof 65% on borrowing against home equity.其他那些则更为有力。抵押贷款最长还贷期限如今将从30年降低至25年。这势必将减少需求：去年约有40%的新贷款的期限是超过25年的。允许的房屋再融资的上限从房屋价值的85%降至只有80%。购房者还须证明他们的住房支出不超过家庭总收入的39%。费拉逖的举措中，紧随其后的是，加拿大的银行监管部门，联邦金融机构监督办公室，将贷款和自有资金间的贷款估值比率的限制猛降至65%。Craig Alexander, the chief economist for TD Financial Group, estimates all this will be theequivalent of about a 1% rise in mortgage rates for most homebuyers. He believes that willproduce a slow unwinding of the housing market. If he is right, and Mr Flaherty's variousinterventions avoid the collateral damage that would be caused by an actual interest-rate rise, Canada's admirers will have another thing to swoon over.多伦多道明银行金融集团首席经济学家，克雷格·亚历山大估计，所有这些措施对于购房者而言将等同于抵押贷款利率上升1%。他认为这将促使房产市场缓慢回归。如果他的观点正确，并且费拉逖的各种干预手段能够避免可能引发实际利率上升的附带伤害，那么如此一来，加拿大的崇拜者们又将有一个可以津津乐道的话题了。

EVEN by the standards of the worst financial crisis for at least a generation, the events of Sunday Spetember14th and the day before were extraordinary. The weekend began with hopes that a deal could be struck, with or without government backing, to save Lehman Brothers, America’s fourth-largest investment bank. It ended with Lehman’s set for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection and the bank preparing to wind itself up after those efforts failed. Other vulnerable financial giants scrambled to sell themselves or raise enough capital to stave off a similar fate. Merrill Lynch, the third-biggest investment bank, sold itself to Bank of America (BofA), an erstwhile Lehman suitor, in a $50 billion all-stock deal. American International Group (AIG) brought forward a potentially life-saving overhaul and went cap-in-hand to the Federal Reserve. 即使以至少一代人所经历的最坏的金融危机的标准来看，上周六及周日（9月14日）的事件仍是非同寻常的。那个周末开始于拯救美国第四大投行雷曼兄弟的交易有望达成，无论有或者没有政府的支持。然而却以雷曼兄弟的所有努力均告失败后，根据美国破产法案第11章申请破产保护而告终。其它脆弱的金融巨头同样努力地将自己卖出或是筹集足够的资金以避免与雷曼相同的命运。第三大投行美林以500亿美元全额换股交易将自己卖给了以前雷曼的收购者–美国银行。美国国际集团（AIG）正在提出一个潜在的挽救重整方案，并且毕恭毕敬地照美联储脸色行事。

Planning a share portfolioTere is no shortage of tipsters around offering"get-rich-quick'opportunities.But if you are a serious private investor,leave the Las Vegas mentality to those with money to fritter.The serious investor needs a proper'portfolio'-a well-planned selection of investments,with a definite structure and a clear aim.But exactly how does a newcomer to the stock market go about achieving that?5 Well,if you go to five reputable stock brokers and ask them what you should do with your money,you're likely to get five different answers-even if you give all the relevant infoumation about your age,family,finances and what you want from your investments.Moral?There is no one "right‘way to structure a portfolio.However,thereare undoubtedly some wrong ways,and you can be sure that none of our five advisers would have suggested sinking all(or perhaps any)of your money into Periwigs*.10 so what should you do?We'll assume that you have sorted out the basics-like mortgages,pensions,insurance and access to sufficient cash reserves.You should then establish your own individual aims.These are partly a matter of personal circumstances,partly a matter of psychology. For instance,if you are older you have less time to recover from any major losses,and you may well wish to boost your pension income.So preserving your capital and generating extra income are your main 15priorities.In this ease,you'd probably construct a portfolio with some shares (but not high risk ones),along with gilts,cash deposits,and perhaps convertibles or the income shares of split capital investment trusts. If you are younger,and in a solid financial position,you may decide to take an a ggressive approach-but only if you're blessed with a sanguine disposition and won't suffer sleepless nights over share prices.If you recognize yourself in this description,you might include a couple ofheady growth stocks in your 20 portfolio,alongside your more pedestrian investments.Once you have decided on your investment aims,you can'then decide where to put your money.The golden rule here is spread your risk-if you put all of *‘Periwigs’is the mame of a fictitious company.

slammedwhentheiradjustablemortgagefinallyadjusted.Whentoomanyofthemcouldn’taffordtomaketheirpayments,itcausestheselenderstosufferfromliquidityissueandtositonmoreforeclosuresthantheycouldsell.Mortgage-backedsecuritiesbecamemoreriskyandworthlesscausinginvestmentfirmslikeLehmanBrotherstosuffer.Moreover,insurerslikeAIGwhoinsuredthesebadmortgagesalsogotintrouble.Theschemeworkedwell,butitreversescourseandisnowcomingbacktohurteveryonewithavengeance.风萧♂易水※回答采纳率:16.7%2009-06-0520:26

金融危机的原理如下：随着人类技术的进步，区域的观念开始模糊，世界是一个互相依赖的共同体，我依赖你生产的袜子，你可能依赖我生产的矿石。 在一个岛上有一群人，岛上除了几样产量不大的生活必需品以外什么也生产不了，岛上的居民用一种叫RMB的贝壳，作为钱来花，就是椰子一个3贝壳，淡水一桶5贝壳等等。这时大家想生活的好一点，可是岛上又生产不出这么多东东。于是就想用自己的劳动力和别人换。 这个岛不远处有一个大岛，上面什么都有，人家使用一种叫做USD的贝壳做交易，于是小岛上的居民就到大岛上的工厂游说，我们这里工资低，原料便宜，没有土地使用费用，还免税，到我们这里来投资吧。大岛上的有钱人觉的有道理就试着在小岛上开了一些工厂，可是马上问题就出现了，小岛上RMB和大岛上的USD是2：1的，也就是说在小岛卖2个贝壳的东东在大岛也要卖1个贝壳。大岛虽然有许多劣势但是因为工厂多，上下游配套的运输成本低，加上工人熟练，成本和小岛的产品没有太大的价格差。这个时侯小岛的酋长就想出了一个办法，让岛上的巫师忽悠大家，小岛上的贝壳和大岛上的不一样，大岛上的有神力，所以值钱，我们的贝壳和他们的贝壳要8：1才合理。大家一听原来是酱紫呀，于是就用自己的8个贝壳换大岛上的一个贝壳了。这样小岛上的物价和工资就是大岛上的八分之一了，大岛上的公司就纷纷到小岛上来设厂，赚了大钱，他们把钱汇回大岛上发展科技，然后再把发展好的产品在小岛生产。这样过了30年。。。。。。 慢慢的大岛上的工厂就越来越少了，全变成了科研基地，同时出现了为科研基地里的人服务的行业，像剃头呀餐馆呀驴友呀医院等等，当然还有HD区，呵呵。大岛上的居民有好多钱，而且他们知道小岛上的工厂可以为他们未来带来更多的钱，于是他们就拼命的借钱炒房子、炒股票、炒花生！！！反正有什么炒什么！物价开始飞涨了！小岛上的酋长一看呵呵赚钱的机会来了，赶快串通巫师，又把RMB和USD的价格定在了6：1，这样小岛的产品也普涨了25%。突然有一天大岛的人们发现所有的东东都炒不上去了，因为没有人接手呀，东西太贵，卖不掉了，于是赶快竞相压价，想把自己的东东卖掉，市场上一下全是东东没有买主。小岛上的工厂主一看自己生产的东东卖不掉了。只好关了工厂回大岛去。这一下小岛可炸了窝喽！辛辛苦苦30年一夜回到解放前！都是可恶的酋长和巫师搞的鬼，去找他们算账！！！这时候酋长和巫师更着急，怎么办呢？眼看着自己舒适的生活不保了。这时候巫师出了个主意。。。第二天酋长宣布进行一个聪明绝顶潇洒盖世全无敌的4万亿贝壳救市计划，就是让所有岛民都到岛上搬石头运到海边，再从海边把石头搬回来，每人每天1000 RMB贝壳，工资由酋长出！！！小岛的居民们马上激动万分统统流下了热泪，在歌颂了英明的领导，并跳了一段草裙舞以后就回家了。总算是解了酋长和巫师的燃眉之急，可是长此以往酋长虽然FB，也没有这么多贝壳往里填呀！巫师这时候又想出了一招。。。又过了一天，巫师出面了，他把大家召集起来说：“哎呀！我昨天被驴踢了，在朦胧中来到了仙界，见到了神仙mm，神仙mm说我们的贝壳和大岛的贝壳要20：1呀！要不然就有天灾海啸了！”大伙儿一听可吓坏了，赶紧按巫师说的做，这样小岛的贝壳和大岛的贝壳就是20：1了。。。 话说大岛的商人自从从小岛撤资之后回到大岛，每日精神恍惚，想想自己在小岛的生活那是多么惬意呀！每天XO喝着，鲍鱼吃着，还有小岛的美女陪着，何其快哉！现在又是何等凄惨！这一日收听大岛上的胡诌广播电台的广播，广播里说小岛为了预防海啸，已经将贝壳的比值降到20：1了，东西卖的好好好便宜呀！！！他赶快算了算，咦！要是这么便宜的话，在小岛设厂还是有赚的，于是他赶紧回去又在小岛设厂了。这时候小岛的居民听说工厂又开了，纷纷回到工厂上班，那个大岛的商人又赚到了，大岛的科研机构也重开了，于是循环又开始了。。。。

EVEN by the standards of the worst financial crisis for at least a generation, the events of Sunday Spetember14th and the day before were extraordinary. The weekend began with hopes that a deal could be struck, with or without government backing, to save Lehman Brothers, America’s fourth-largest investment bank. It ended with Lehman’s set for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection and the bank preparing to wind itself up after those efforts failed. Other vulnerable financial giants scrambled to sell themselves or raise enough capital to stave off a similar fate. Merrill Lynch, the third-biggest investment bank, sold itself to Bank of America (BofA), an erstwhile Lehman suitor, in a $50 billion all-stock deal. American International Group (AIG) brought forward a potentially life-saving overhaul and went cap-in-hand to the Federal Reserve.On Sunday night the situation was still fluid, with bankers and regulators working to limit the fallout. They were girding themselves for a dreadful Monday in the markets. Australia’s stockmarket opened sharply lower on Monday (most other Asian bourses were closed). American stock futures were deep in the red too, and the dollar weaker. Spreads on risky credit, already elevated, widened further.The takeover of Merrill leaves just two large independent investment banks in America, Morgan Stanley and Goldman Sachs.