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l 香料HERB & SPICESBASIL 紫苏CHERVIL 法葱DILL 刁草MARJORAM 马祖林（牛膝草，牛至）MINT 薄荷OREGANO 阿里根努CORIANDER芫荽PARSLEY 蕃茜ROSEMARY 迷迭香SAGE 鼠尾草TARRAGON 他力根THYME 百里香CAJUN SPICE 卡真调料CARDAMON 小豆蔻CHILLI 辣椒CINNAMON 玉桂（桂皮）Bay Leave香叶Linseed亚麻子CLOVE 丁香CUMIN SEED 孜然籽CURRY 咖喱FENNEL 茴香GARLIC 蒜GINGER 姜JUNIPER BERRY 五味籽（杜松籽）LEMON GRASS 香茅MACE 豆蔻MUSTARD SEED 芥末籽NUTMEG 肉豆蔻PAPRIKA 红粉POPPY SEED鹰粟籽SAFFRON 藏红花STAR ANISE 八角TURMERIC 黄姜粉Masala马撒拉粉Tamarind罗望子l 蔬菜VEGETABLEArtichoke朝鲜蓟Asparagus芦笋Bean Long长豆Bean Sprout豆芽Beetroot红菜头Bok Choy白菜Broccoli西兰花Brussel Sprout孢子甘蓝Cabbage白菜Capsicum甜椒Carrot 胡萝卜Cauliflower花菜Celery芹菜Chili辣椒Corn玉米Cress Water西洋菜Cucumber黄瓜Eggplant茄子Fennel茴香Radish红皮萝卜Spinach菠菜Tomato番茄Lentils扁豆Bitter Melon苦瓜Kang Kong空心菜Okra秋葵Leek大葱Lettuce Endive九芽生菜Lettuce Butter牛油生菜Lettuce Iceberg西生菜Lettuce Lollarosso红叶生菜Lettuce Radicchio红叶圆生菜Lettuce Romaine(COS)罗马生菜Lotus Root莲藕Mushroom Oyster蚝菇Mushroom Button 白蘑菇Mushroom Enoki金针菇Mushroom Shitake香菇Mushroom Chinese花菇Onion洋葱Shallot干葱Pea Snow荷兰豆Potato土豆Potato Sweet地瓜Pumpkin老南瓜Garbanzo鸡心豆Choy sum菜心Baby corn玉米笋Horseradish辣根French bean四季豆Root mustard大头菜Amaranth紫苋菜Day lily黄花Tower gourd丝瓜Board bean蚕豆Fungus银耳Black fungus黑木耳Tomato Cherry小番茄Truffle松露Turnip白萝卜Bamboo竹笋Green Pea青豆Winter Melon冬瓜Yam香芋Taro芋头Zucchini节瓜Red Kidney Bean红腰豆Ooba Leaf大叶(日本紫苏叶)l 水果FRUITApple苹果Apricot杏Avocado牛油果Banana香蕉Blackberry黑莓Blueberry蓝莓Raspberry桑莓Strawberry草莓Cherry樱桃Coconut椰子Dragon fruit火龙果Durian Fresh榴莲Grape葡萄Grapefruit西柚Guava番石榴Jackfruit菠萝蜜Kiwi fruit猕猴桃Lemon柠檬Lime青柠Longan龙眼Lychee荔枝Mango芒果Mangosteen山竹Betelnut槟榔Sugar cane甘蔗Melon Honey哈密瓜Melon Water西瓜Nectarine油桃Orange橙Mandarin桔子Papaya (PAWPAW)木瓜Passionfruit西番莲Peach桃子Pear梨Persimmon柿子Pineapple菠萝Plum李子Pomegranate石榴Pomelo柚子Rambutan红毛丹Starfruit杨桃Loquat琵芭Fig无花果Date枣Redcurrant加伦子Cranberry酸果Flowering crab apple海棠果Crab apple(haw)山楂Water caltrop菱角Wax apple莲雾l 面食NOODLE & 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Web鹅掌Pigeon鸽子Quail鹌鹑Turkey火鸡Game Pheasant野鸡Game Woodcock山鶋Ostrich鸵鸟肉Hen母鸡Partridge石鸡Duckling仔鸭Sparrow麻雀Salted Duck Egg咸鸭蛋Preserved Duck Egg皮蛋Pigeon Egg鸽蛋Quail Egg鹌鹑蛋l 调料CONDIMENTBaking Powder泡打粉Baking Soda食粉Barbecue Sauce烧烤汁Corn Starch鹰粟粉Cranberry Sauce Jelly火鸡酱Curry Paste油咖喱Mayonnaise蛋黄酱Shrimp Paste虾酱Fish Sauce鱼露Hoisin Sauce海鲜酱Horseradish Sauce辣根酱Mango Chutney芒果酱Meat Tenderizer嫩肉粉M S G味精Mustard Dijon大藏芥茉Oyster Sauce蠔油Tabasco辣椒仔Peanut Butter花生酱Relish Hamburger汉堡酱Relish Hot Dog热狗酱Salt盐Satay Sauce沙爹酱Chicken Powder鸡粉Tomato Ketchup蕃茄沙司Bacon bits烟肉碎Croutons面包丁Tomato Paste茄膏Worcestershire Sauce急汁Cream忌廉Sour Cream酸忌廉Whipping Cream淡忌廉Yoghurt酸奶Coconut Milk椰奶Full Cream全脂鲜奶Skimmed Milk脱脂牛奶Jam果酱Miso Aka味噌Kimchi韩国泡菜Anchovy Sauce鯷鱼汁Seaweed海带Soy Sauce酱油Soy Bean Paste豆瓣酱Tempura Batter Mix天妇罗炸粉Ginseng人参Essence香精Unpolished Rice薏米Wasabi芥辣Mirin味淋Olive橄榄Caper水瓜柳Cocktail Onion鸡尾洋葱Pickled Gherkins酸黄瓜Sauerkraut酸椰菜Sweet Pickle甜黄瓜Gravy (Brown stock) (demi glace)烧汁Caster Sugar细白砂糖Cube Sugar方糖Granulated Sugar砂糖Icing Sugar糖粉Muscovado Sugar黑糖Brown Sugar黄糖Sweetener Equal减肥糖Corn Syrup玉米糖浆Glucose Syrup葡萄糖浆Golden Syrup黄糖浆Maple Syrup枫叶糖浆Invert Syrup转化糖浆Maltose麦芽糖All Bran全麦维Coco Pop可可米Corn Flakes粟米片Frosties香甜粟米片Honey Graham蜜果圈Raisin Bran提子麦维Rice Krispies卜卜米Square Raisin提子麦粒Quick Instant Oats即食燕麦片Quick White Oats快熟麦片Alpen瑞士营养麦片Anchovy银鱼柳Baked Bean焗豆Jalapeno Pepper墨西哥辣椒Palm Heart 棕榈心Guacamole牛油果酱Potato chips炸薯条French fries炸薯条Mashed potato 土豆泥l 厨房用具KITCHENWARECart手推车Trolley平板车Tray不锈钢盘Cover盖子Mill磨碎器Induction Warmer电磁炉Knife刀Spatula抹刀Baller挖球器Scissors剪刀Cutting Board菜板Plastic Cutting Board塑料菜板Carving Fork切台叉Paring Knife去皮刀Decorating Knife雕刻刀Sharpening Steel磨刀棒Meat Tenderize肉锤Film保鲜膜Foil锡箔纸Measuring Cup量杯Measuring Spoon量勺Thermometer温度计Kitchen bowl多用盆Squeeze dispenser挤瓶japan漆器china瓷器Order rack挂墙纸插Order pin单插Turner solid锅铲Grill turner扒铲Turner perforated有孔铲Scoop物料铲Weight scale称Bell传菜钟Whisk打蛋器Egg divider分蛋器Egg cutter切蛋器Solid bowl码斗Funnel漏斗Funnel cone锥形漏斗Grater檫床Scale scraper鱼鳞刨Potato puree press薯蓉压Wok中式炒锅Fry pan单柄煎锅Non-stick fry pan不粘锅Sauce pan汁锅Stockpot汤锅Pressure cooker高压锅Strainer过滤筛Colander过滤器Can opener开罐器Ladle炒勺（长柄勺）Skimmer漏勺Ice cream冰淇淋勺Bamboo sticker竹签Safety glove防切手套Oven glove耐高温手套Wire shelf货架Dredger筛粉器Bone saw骨锔Copper pot铜锅GN containers储物盒GN lids储物盖GN containers perforated带孔储物盒Dishwashing racks洗碟筐Insulated container保温箱Tote box周转箱Mould模具Spatula plastic塑料刮刀Nozzle裱花嘴Icing bag裱花袋Silicone baking paper耐高温胶垫Brush毛刷Mixing bowl拌料盆Chopsticks筷子Toothpick牙签Earthen pot砂锅Stove炉灶Work table工作台Sugar thermometer比重计Plastic masks转印纸Condiment dispenser调味盒Cocktail shaker调酒器Corkscrew开瓶器Water heater热水器Ice machine制冰机Blender搅拌机（打碎）Mixer搅拌机（混合）Food processor蔬菜加工机Juice extractor榨汁机Slicer切片机Oven烤箱Microwave oven微波炉Rice cooker电饭锅Toaster土司机Waffle baker华夫饼炉Refrigerated cart冷藏车Warmer cart保温车Combi-steamers联合蒸烤箱Chillier冷冻箱Tilting frying pan大型煎锅Refrigerator冰箱Mincer绞肉机Salamander上火扒炉Grill扒板Deep fried油炸炉 l 其他OTHERBlanching飞水Boiling煮Poaching煮蛋Steaming蒸Deep fry深炸Shallow fry浅炸Panfry炒（油多）Saute炒（油少）Grill扒Roast烤（油）Baking烤（干）Braising炖Stewing烩Gratinaing焗Glazing收汁Marinated腌制Canned高温蒸（罐头）Smoking烟熏Sliced片Shredded丝Chopped碎Diced丁Mashed捣碎Ground磨碎Block块Sweet甜Sour酸Salty咸Fresh鲜Spicy (hot)辣Numb麻Tart涩Fishy腥Bitter苦Fragrant香Raw (uncooked)生的Rare一成Medium rare三成Medium五成Medium well七成Well done全熟Peel果皮里层Zest果皮外层Raising agents蓬松剂Whey powder乳清粉Modifier改良剂Flavouring香味剂Specialties特产Expiry date保质期Production date生产日期Shelf life保存期限Ventilative通风Ingredient配料Cholesterol胆固醇Sodium钠Carbohydrate碳水化合物Dietary fiber膳食纤维Protein蛋白质Vitamin维生素Calcium钙Iron铁Boiled egg煮蛋（带壳）Fried egg煎蛋Poached egg煮蛋（不带壳）Omelet egg蛋包Scrambled egg炒蛋Sunny side up单面箭蛋Over easy双面箭蛋Small小Medium中Large (big)大Local本地的Imported进口的Hard硬的Soft软的Frozen冷冻Plain纯净的Dry干的Fresh新鲜的Dry products干货Buffet自助餐A la carte零点Breakfast早餐Lunch午餐Dinner晚餐Contact heat传导Convection对流Radiation辐射
虫子不乖
黑松露（拉丁名为Tuber melanosporum ，英文称为perigord truffle），也称块菌，是一种生长于地下的野生食用真菌，外表崎岖不平。色泽介于深棕色与黑色之间，呈小凸起状，遍及灰色或者浅黑色与白色的纹理，其气味特殊，难以形容，有人形容像蕈菇/蒜头/腐叶/湿地/发酵的玉米/腌泡菜/蜂蜜/瓦斯/湿稻草/干酪/肉桂/麋香，还有像经年未洗的床单，甚至还有人形容其气味像精液，就目前所知主要分布于阿尔卑斯山脉及喜马拉雅山脉的少数地区，以及四川省攀枝花市盐边县周边的攀西地区，占据中国黑松露总产量的60%。中文名黑松露外文名perigord truffle别称块菌，无娘果主要食用功效提高免疫力储藏方法保鲜生长环境松露对生长环境非常挑剔，只要阳光、水分或者土壤的酸碱值稍有变化就无法生长，是世界上唯一不能进行整齐有序种植的美味佳肴。一棵树下会长出松露，而旁边看起来一模一样的另一棵树却不能，至今人们也搞不清楚原因何在。与蘑菇等一般菌类不同，松露的孢子不是通过风进行传播，而是通过那些啃食松露的动物来传播。松露主要生长在松树、橡树、榛树、山毛榉和橙树下，这是因为松露不能进行光合作用，无法独立存活，必须借助与某些树根之间的共生关系获取养分。采集黑松露的成熟期通常在每年的11月到次年的三月，通常最好的季节是在12月到次年的3月之间。采集松露的人叫做“松露猎人”，每个松露猎人身上都有一本家传的藏宝图，记录着父辈们曾经找到松露的地点、时间和大小。寻找松露的过程十分有趣，各国猎人使用的方法也不尽相同。餐桌上的钻石-松露在法国，人们习惯把母猪当作收获黑松露的得力助手。母猪的嗅觉极其灵敏，在6米远的地方就能闻到埋在25厘米至30厘米深的地下的松露。据说这是因为松露的气味与公猪身上发出的雄性荷尔蒙的味道十分相似，所以母猪对其情有独钟。但是母猪有贪吃松露的毛病，如果猎人没有及时拦住，母猪找到松露时会疯狂地将它拱出来吃掉。营养价值餐桌上的钻石现代科学研究数据显示黑松露含有丰富的蛋白质、18种氨基酸(包括人体不能合成的8种必需氨基酸)、不饱和脂肪酸、多种维生素、锌、锰、铁、钙、磷、硒等必需微量元素，以及鞘脂类、脑苷脂、神经酰胺、三萜、雄性酮、腺苷、松露酸、甾醇、松露多糖、松露多肽等大量的代谢产物，具有极高的营养保健价值。其中雄性酮有助阳、调理内分泌的显著功效;鞘脂类化合物在防止老年痴呆、动脉粥样硬化以及抗肿瘤细胞毒性方面有明显活性;多糖、多肽、三萜具有增强免疫力、抗衰老、抗疲劳等作用，可用于保健养身。味道蘑菇、蒜头、湿泥、蜂蜜、玉米、臭虫、腐烂树叶等的味道都曾被用来形容松露香味，也有人经常说它们散发着麝香、精液和经年未洗的床单味。甚至专业闻香师这样描述：汽油味中间夹杂着一些蒜味和臭鸡蛋的味道，当然有些树林湿地中落叶堆积发酵的气息，混合一丝的酵母和蜂蜜味。究竟什么味道，每个人的结论都不同。吃法西餐的吃法人类食用黑松露已有2000多年的历史，其中以法国、意大利、西班牙最为盛行。在欧洲鲜食黑松露时,先用特殊的切片器将新鲜黑松露切成极薄的薄片，然后与黄油、意大利干奶酪一起撒在宽面条或者意大利空心粉上,据说味道很棒。法国传统的食用方法是用黑松露煎蛋,将鲜黑松露切成小丁块放入鸡蛋中搅拌均匀，放置过夜使黑松露的味道充分进入鸡蛋液中，然后常规煎炒即可。作为名菜, 用黑松露做汁配牛排在法国和意大利高级餐厅里非常有名。
优质英语培训问答知识库
