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英语七大基本句子结构为主系表结构、主谓结构、主谓宾结构、主谓宾宾、主谓宾宾补。
1、“主系表”结构。
The dinner smells good.这顿饭闻起来很香!这是典型的“主系表”结构。
首先,谓语“smell”(闻)表达的意思不是相对完整,需要在其后添个“good”(好),来将意思表达的更清晰、完整,其实这个“good”是系动词;这个“good”是表语,且是这个句子的“复合谓语”。
2、主谓结构(“谓语”是不及物动词)。
例:The man cooks.男人做饭。这类句子结构的共同点:谓语动词能够表达完整的意思,不需要再添加额外的宾语。这类动词被称为不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等等。
3、主谓宾结构(谓语是“及物动词”)。
He likes watching TV. 他喜欢看电视。
这类句子结构的共同点:谓语动词有实际的意义,是主语发出的动作,但是并不能表达出完整的意思,后面必须接一个宾语,也就是主语发出动作的承受者,才能让整个句子的语义表达清楚、完整。(这个谓语,就是咱说的“及物动词”)
4、主谓宾宾(谓语是“及物动词”、第一个宾语是“间接宾语”、第二个宾语是“直接宾语”)。
She brought you a picture.她给你带来了一张照片。这类句子结构的共同点:谓语动词后面一定要配备两个宾语才能将句意表达的相对完整。
5、主谓宾宾补(谓语是“及物动词”)。
They called her Iris.他们叫他Iris。这类句子结构的共同点:谓语动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语“her”还不能将意思表达的完整,必须在句子后面加上一个补充成分。
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英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式在不同的时态、语态下,可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子,换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下:S十V主谓结构; S十V十O主谓宾结构; S十V十F主系表结构; S十V十O1+ O2 主谓双宾结构;S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构.说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语五个基本句式详细解释如下:1 .主谓型:S十V句式在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如:He runs quickly.他跑得快。They listened carefully.他们听得很仔细。He suffered from cold and hunger.他挨冻受饿。China belongs to the third world country.中国属于第三世界国家。The gas has given out.煤气用完了。My ink has run out.我的钢笔水用完了。2.主谓宾:S十V十O句式在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如:I saw a film yesterday. 我昨天看了一部电影。 Have you read the story? 你读过这个故事吗?They found their home easily. 他们很容易找到他们的家。They built a house last year. 他们去年建了一所房子。They've put up a factory in the village. 他们在村里建了一座工厂。They have taken good care of the children. 这些孩子他们照看得很好。You should look after your children well. 你应该好好照看你的孩子。3.主系表:S十V十P句式在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.)常见的系动词有:(1):be-am/is/are/was/were (我用am你用are,is连着他、她、它);(2):感官动词:sound,look, smell,taste,feel;(3):变得---: get,turn ,become, grow等;(4):其它:go(bad/unpunished); fall (ill/asleep); stand/sit (still),remain(weak). seem,appear,等。例如:He is older than he looks. 他比看上去要老。He seems interested in the book. 他似乎对这本书感兴趣。The story sounds interesting. 这个故事听起来有趣。The desk feels hard. 书桌摸起来很硬。The cake tastes nice. 饼干尝起来很香。The flowers smell sweet and nice.花闻起来香甜。You have grown taller than before.你长得比以前高了。He has suddenly fallen ill. 他突然病倒了。He stood quite still. 他静静地站看。He becomes a teacher when he grew up.他长大后当了教师。He could never turn traitor to his country.他永远不会背叛他的祖国。注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如:He looked me up and down.他上下打量我。They are tasting the fish.他们在品尝鱼。They grow rice in their home town.他们在家乡种水稻。He's got a chair to sit on.他有椅子坐。Please turn the sentence into English.请把这个句子译成英语。4.动词加双宾: S十V十O1十O2句式在此句式中,V是带有双宾语(间接宾语/直接宾语)的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如:He gave me(间接宾语)a book(直接宾语)/a book to me.他给我一本书。He brought me a pen/a pen to me. 他带给我一枝钢笔。He offered me his seat/his seat to me. 他把座位让给我。注意下边动词改写后介词的变化:Mother bought me a book/a book for me. 妈妈给我买了一本书。 He got me a chair/a chair for me. 他给我弄了一把椅子。 Please do me a favor/a favor for me. 请帮我一下。He drew a picture for me. 他画张画给我He asked me a question/a question of me.他问我一个问题。注意,下边动词只有一种说法:They robbed the old man of his money. 他们抢了老人的钱。He's warned me of the danger. 他警告我注意危险。The doctor has cured him of his disease. 医生治好了他的病。We must rid the house of the rats. 我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。5. 宾语补语: S十V十O十C句式在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词,如: see; hear; hear; have; let; consider; ask; tell; advise等。 常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词;常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能一概而论,请看下面的例子。They made the girl angry.他们使这个女孩生气了。They found her happy that day.他们发现那天她很高兴。I found him out.我发现他出去了。I saw him in.我见他在家。They saw a footprint in the sand.他们发现沙地上有脚印。They named the boy Charlie.他们给这个男孩起名查理。I saw him come in and go out.我见他进来又出去。They felt the car moving fast.他们感到汽车行驶得很快。I heard the glass broken just now.我刚才听到玻璃碎了。He found the door of study closed to him.他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。英语句子分为简单句、并列句和复合句单句结构要牢记,复句注意关、连词关连词分为关系词(关系代词或关系副词:Wh---/how---)和连词(并列连词(and/or/but)和其它连词because/although/as if/so/however/weather/if等。不管英语的复句多长、多复杂,去掉关、连词后,它还是简单句结构!