俺是陆军PLA
新目标初中英语总复习资料精品讲义 词汇（一） 一、名词 关于名词，我们必须掌握名词的数，名词的格。单数可用a、an来修饰可数名词单数，在元音发音开头的单词前用an，而不是a 1.复数的构成方法：(1)一般在复数名词后加s，如：dog--dogs。(2)以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加es，如：watch--watches。(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加es， 如：country--countries。请区别：如果是元音字母加y结尾的名词，则只须加s。 如：monkey--monkeys。 (4)以o结尾的名词，只有potato(土豆)，tomato(西红柿)加es构成复数。(5)以f、fe结尾的名词，变f、fe为v再加es， 如：knife--knives。 2.单复数形式相同的词：sheep--sheep，fish--fish Chinese--Chinese，Japanese--Japanese 3.特殊变化的单词有：(1)tooth--teeth，foot--feeth(2)man--men，woman--women，policeman--policemen,Frenchman--Frenchmen 请区别：German(德国人)—Germans (3)child—children 4.常以复数形式出现的名词：people(人)，clothes(衣服)，trousers(裤子) glasses(眼镜) ,这些名词作主语时，同学们应特别注意它们的谓语，用复数。 如：My clothes are (be) newer than yours. 5.有些名词看似复数形式，实际上是单数。这一点是同学不易掌握的，应特别加以记忆。如：news(消息)，maths(数学)，physics(物理) No news is good news. 6.可用how many，many，a few，few，a lot of，lots of，some，any等来修饰可数名词复数。 How many are there in your pencil-box?(knife) 不可数名词：1.常见的不可数名词有：water，rice，fish，meat，等。应特别记medicine,news,work,homework,housework,money,chalk,weather,cotton,wood. 2.不可数名词无复数，作主语时常看成单数。如：Some bread__________over there.(be) 3.常用how much,much,a little,little,a lot of,some,any等来修饰不可数名词。 4.常用a piece of,a cup of等来表示不可数名词的量。如要表达“两片面包”这样的意义，bread仍为不可数名词，不加s，而piece则可加s。即：twopiecesof bread 请区别：可数名词也可用量来表示， 如：三箱苹果three boxes of apples 名词的格 名词所有格的构成方法，在名词后加“ 's”。如：Tom→Tom's译为“…的”，若遇上以s结尾的复数名词，则在s后加“ '”即可。如：Teachers'Day , twoweeks'holiday，而不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格，仍按惯例加's 。如：Children's Day 关于名词所有格，应掌握以下几点： 1.可用名词所有格表示地点。 如：my aunt's 我姑姑家。 go to the doctor's 去医生家。 2.表示两人共同拥有，在最后一个名词后加's 如：Lucy and Lily's 露西和莉莉的 3.掌握词组：a girl of five 一个五岁的女孩 a friend of mine 我的一个朋友 eg;The white shirt is and blue one is . A、Kate,my B.Kate's,mine C.Kate,mine D.Kate's,my 二、冠词 冠词是词汇中的基础的，也是简单的部分，所以同学们有必要掌握其基本用法，归纳起来，同学们应该掌握以下几点： 1.冠词指不定冠词a,an和定冠词the 2.不定冠词an常用于元音发音开头的词前，如：an hour,an English car. 请区别：a useful machine 3.指上文提到过的人或物，用定冠词the 4.在世界上独一无二的事物前用定冠词the.如：the sun,the moon,the earth 5.定冠词the用于序数词前，表示方位的名词和形容词最高级前。如：the first,the best ,in the south 6.在复数姓氏前加the，表示××一家人，常看成复数。 如：The Browns are going to Shanghai for a holiday this summer. 7.在介词短语中常用定冠词the，如：in the box ,behind the chair 8.特别注意不能用定冠词the的几个方面：(1)在节日、星期、月份、季节、年等词前不用冠词。如：in summer,in August 请区别：in the spring of 1945. (这里表示特指，故加the)(2)一日三餐和球类运动名不用冠词。 如：have breakfast ,play football(3)一些固定词组中，如：go to bed ,go to school,by bus ,at night.9.在有些词组中，有冠词和无冠词意思不同，请注意区别：in front of 在…前面 in the hospital 在医院里 in the front of 在…范围内的前部 in hospital (生病)住院 三、数词 同学们首先应会读会写所有基数词和序数词，以及与数词有关的钟点表达法。对数词的考查，中考常采用单选题及听力题，这些题型归纳起来，应掌握以下几点特别容易出错的地方。 1.基数词变序数词。其规律为： 1,2,3特殊记，加th从4起 (first,second,third,fourth) 8少t，9去e，千万别忘记 (eighth,ninth) 逢5逢12，ve变f (fifth,twelfth) 20到90，y要变ie (twentieth,ninetieth) 若是几十几，前基后序别倒位 (ninety-first) 2.hundred,thousand,million 在构成具体的数字时用单数形式。 如：five hundred people. 只有在表达笼统的多数时才加s，构成复数形式。 hundreds of 数以百计的，成百上千的 thousands of 数以千计的，成千上万的 millions of 数百万的 这些词组前不能用具体数字。 3.序数词常与定冠词the 连用。 另外，同学们还应掌握与数词有关的钟点表达法。 顺读法(钟点＋分钟) 如：4:30 four thirty 4:45 four forty-five 4:15 four fifteen 倒读法(分钟＋to／past＋钟点) 如：4:30 half past four 4:15 fifteen past four／a quarter past four 4:45 fifteen to five／a quarter to five 四.代词①人称代词: 主格: 单数I 、you 、he 、she 、it 复数 we 、you 、they 宾格: 单数me 、you 、him 、her 、it 复数us 、you 、them ⑵物主代词: 形容词性 my 、your 、his 、her 、its 、our 、your 、their 名词性 mine 、yours 、his 、hers 、its 、ours 、yours 、theirs ③反身代词: myself 、yourself 、himself 、herself 、itself 、ourselves 、yourselves 、themselves 1.形容词性物主代词在句中只能作定语，相当于一个形容词，名词性物主代词在句中可作表语、主语和宾语，相当于一个名词。 2.注意名词性物主代词在句中所指代的关系,是单数还是复数。 如：⑴These books aren't ours. Ours are new. (这里ours=our books) ⑵This is not our room. Ours is over there. (这里ours=our room) 3."of+名词性物主代词"表示所属 如：a sister of his 他的一个妹妹 a friend of mine 我的一个朋友 4.人称代词在并列使用时的顺序为：“第二人称，第三人称，第一人称”。如：You, she and I all enjoy the music. 5.关于反身代词，同学们须掌握其固定结构：enjoy oneself=have a good time (过得很愉快) by oneself=alone (单独、独自)help oneself to… (随便吃/喝 些...) learn sth. by oneself =teach oneself sth. (自学) （二） 修饰可数名词 many few 表否定意义 a few 表肯定意义 修饰不数名词 much little 表否定意义 a little 表肯定意义 few 和 little 与 quite 或 only 连用时，常加不定冠词 a.如:There are quite a few new books in the library.= （三）不定代词: something, anything, nothing. 当形容词修饰这三个不定代词时，常后置。 如：something new (四)另外，还要注意代词some, every, all, both, either, another 1.some（一些，某） 一般用于肯定句中 注：some有时也可用于表示请求的疑问句中。 any（任何） 多用于疑问句和否定句 ① Will you give me some water? ② Would you like some meat? ③ May I ask some questions? ④ Could I have some apples? 2.every＋单数名词 “每一个” 强调共性，作定语,形式上为单数。 each “每一个” 强调个性，作定语、主语、宾语和同位语，常与of连用。 如: Each student was asked to try again. Each of them has a nice skirt. Every child likes playing games. 3.all “(全部)都” 表示三者或三者以上，作同位语时，一般放在连系、助动词之后，行为动词之前。 none “没有”表示三者或三者以上都不，后常跟介词of 如： We are all from Canada. = All of us are from Canada. None of us is/are afraid of dogs.（单、复数均可） 4.both “（两者）都” ,作主语时，看作复数；作定语时，后跟名词复数。 either “两者中任何一个” ,作主语时，谓语用第三人称单数;作定语时，后跟名词单数。 neither “(两者)都不”,含有否定意义，用法同either。 如：①They both swim well. ＝Both of them swim well. ②There are trees on both sides of the street. = There are trees on either side of the street. ③Neither of us is going to Beijing next week. ④Neither answer is right. 5. another +单数名词, “另一个” one … the other “一个……，另一个……” the other +复数名词 = the others “其他的人或物” （指确定范围内剩下的全部） others “别人” (五)疑问代词 5个“wh”, 即who, whose, whom, what, which 这里，which是同学们不易掌握的内容，其实，同学们只须记住，对作定语的内容提问，常用which. 二、形容词 副词大多数的形容词、副词都有三个等级： 原级：比较级： 比较...，更...一些 最高级： 最... （A）1.构成：(规则情况)情况 变 化 方 法 例 词 单音节词和少数双音节词: 一般情况 加er, est clever-cleverer-cleverest 以字母e结尾 加r, st nice-nicer-nicest 重读闭音节、末尾只有一个辅音字母时 双写加er, est big-bigger-biggest以辅音字母加y结尾 变y为i加er, est early-earlier-earliest 部分双音节和多音节词 在词前加more, most slowly-more slowly-most slowly 2.不规则变化，须熟记： good/well-better-best many/much-more-most far-farther-farthestbad/badly/ill-worse-worst little-less-least (B)常见的使用情况 1.as … as … 和...一样（中间用原级） 2.not as(so) … as 和...不一样（中间用原级） 3… than …. ..比...（用比较级） 4.有范围修饰的用最高级 如:in, of, among或用从句修饰的 eg.⑴Winter is the coldest season of the year. ⑵This is the best film that I have ever seen . 5.比较级+and+比较级 意为“越来越….eg: wetter and wetter more and more beautiful 6. The+比较级，the+比较级 越…...就越…... eg:The more, the better. 越多越好 (C)注意点：1.形容词最高级前一定要用the,副词最高级前可省略。 2.可用much, a little, even, still等修饰比较级。 3.在比较级中为了避免重复，在than后常用one,that,those等词来替代前面提到过的名词。eg:The weather here is warmer than that of Shanghai. (D)掌握三种同义句转换：1.He is taller than any other student in his class. =He is the tallest (student)in his class. 2.This film is less interesting than that one. =This film isn't as interesting as that one. =That film is more interesting than this one. 3.I prefer maths to English. =I like maths better than English. 此外，关于形容词、副词的内容同学们还须掌握： 1.形容词修饰名词作定语，跟在连系动词之后作表语。 2.副词修饰动词、形容词或其它副词 enough属例外词：形/副+enough to do enough+名词 例如;She is old enough to go to school. 她够上学的年龄了。 3.区别几组易混淆的副词: 也 too用于肯定、疑问句 also 较为正式书面语 either 用于否定句 已经 already 常用于肯定句、疑问句 yet 常用于否定句、疑问句 不再 no (not any) longer 从时间上讲 no (not any) more 从动作上讲 如此这样 such 修饰名词 eg: such a big box so 修饰形容词、副词 eg: so big 单独、独自 alone 作表语 =by oneself 孤独的 lonely 可作表语、定语 eg:A group of girls are singing and dancing ______ over there. (happy) 一、 介词 1．与形容词搭配的词组有： be afraid of （怕） be angry with （生某人的气） be away from （不在某地） be different from （与…不同） be good at （善于） be good/ bad for (对…有益/有害) be interested in （对…感兴趣） be late for （迟到） be/get ready for （为作好准备） be sure of (对…有把握) be worried about （为…感到担忧） 2．介词后常用人称代词宾格和动词-ing形式 1)You must take good care of her. 2)Thank you for teaching us so well. 3．几组易混淆的介词 A． “在...之后” in + 一段时间（用于一般将来时） after + 一段时间（用于一般过去时） after + 一点时间（常用于一般将来时） 如：The baby stopped crying after half an hour. The baby will stop crying in half an hour. They will visit their teacher after Friday. B． for +一段时间 since +过去的一点时间 这两者均用于现在完成时，具体在时态部分，我会继续向同学们讲解。 C． be made of "用……制成" be made in “由某地制造”be made by somebody “由某人制成” D． in, on, at表时间 in “在某月(季节、年)等” eg:in 1996, in January, in summer 固定词组：in the morning, in a week,in a minute,in time, in the end on "用于指具体的某一天或专指某一天上午、下午或晚上等" eg:on Christmas Day, on the night of February 16 at “用于具体时刻前和某些固定词组中” 固定词组：at seven, at the moment, at night, at last, at first, at noon, at times, at once, at this time of the year, at the beginning of, at the end of this month, at the same time 注意：在表时间里，下列情况下一般不用介词。词组里有：next, last, this, that, tomorrow, yesterday, one, every, all 以及the day before yesterday和the day after tomorrow 前不用介词 。 如:不能说 in tomorrow ,只能说 tomorrow 在明天 E. except +宾格/doing something "除…之外” （不包括本身） Everyone is at school today except Lin Tao. (同义句转换) =Only Lin Tao isn't at school today. F． “用” 通过交通工具 by plane 用语言 in English 通过媒介 on /over the telephone, on /over the radio, on TV 用工具手段 with a pen, with one's hands G． between “在~和~（两者）之间” between...and..., between the two... among 在...之间(三者或三者以上) eg.Sue spent over two hours ___ her homework yesterday evening. A.on B.with C.at D.over 二、 连词 1．并列连词 both…and 既~又~谓语用复数动词 neither…nor 既不~也不~含否定意义，（就近原则）谓语动词由靠近它的那个主语来决定单复数。 either…or… “或者 …或者…”“不是…就是…” and“和” 连接两个并列成分,连接谓语时,两个动词时态应一致。 but “但是” 表转折，不能与 though 同时出现在句中。 or “或者”在否定句中，并列句中的列举常用 or，而不用 and。 Eg: I have brothers and sisters.(否) I don't have brothers or sisters.= I have no brothers and no sisters. 2．引导宾语从句的连词 陈述句：that 可省略 一般疑问句：if /whether “是否” 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 3．引导原因状从的有：because (不能与so同时出现在句中) 4．引导时间状语从句的连词： A. when（当…时候），as soon as…（一…就），not…until（直到…才），after（在…之后），引导的主从复合句，主句为一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时来代替一般将来时。 Eg: I won't leave until he comes back. B. since（自从…以来）引导的主从复合句，主句为现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。 Eg：We haven't met each other since she left here last year. C. while（当…时候，一边…一边…）它引导的时间状语从句常用进行时态。 Eg: My father came in while I was doing my homework. 5．引导条件状语从句的连词： if “如果”，引导条件状从，主句用一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时。请区别于if“是否”相当于 whether，引导宾语从句，时态根据语境确定
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对于教初中的英语老师，在正式讲课之前还要通过面试的试讲。 初中英语面试试讲稿模块 英语教师面试试讲讲课稿(阅读) (阅读课是教师面试最容易考到的题目，下面的讲课过程仅供大家参考，我自己总结的，写得比较详细，希望可以帮到大家。我讲的是无生试讲，也就是自己跟空气互动，说真的，就像是自己在自编自导自演一样，在讲台上唱戏，哈哈。我自己以面试第一名考上的呢，也祝愿你们顺利通过面试。) I. Lead in: (1 min) free talk/pictures/videos Now class begins. Good morning, boys and girls. How are you today?(指向自己的动作)I’m fine too, thank you, sit down please. This class, we are going to learn a new unit together. Before class, I’ll divide you into four groups. This is boy’s group,this is your tree(用树代表男女生组，分两组其实足够了，以免浪费时间，用苹果树做加分标志不会显得太单调)...If you can answer my question correctly and actively, you can get an apple,OK? (如果一时紧张忘了说什么，可以问一下学生So, what’s the title? 让学生读出来，老师再教读一遍。) II. Pre-reading: (2mins) 1) Brainstorm So,now. Who can tell me, when we think about (阅读的主题), we usually think of what? (此时画个示意图在黑板上，也就是思维发散图，中间画个圆圈写主题，四周写学生想到的与主题相关的东西) 2) Prediction With the help of the title(and the picture), could you please tell me what will be talked about in the passage? Let’ answer this question group by group. OK? In your opinion, what may this article talk about? (Well, you are pretty good at predicting.) Now, let’s see is he right,OK? III. While-reading:(4 min) 1) Skimming (1 min): main idea of the passage and topic sentence of each paragraph. So,now. You have only 2 mins. Read it quickly and find the main idea of this passage , and what’s the main idea of each paragraph ,OK?(此时下台check学生的完成情况，说些鼓励的话，如Yes, you are right. You are very clever. Oh, you are making progress. 记住，与空气互动，不要与考官互动，因为那是大忌) Time is up, so, who can tell me. 抽问两个学生，积极鼓励，并加分。 2) Scanning (2 min): This time, let’s read for more details. Let’s go through the whole passage and try to find the answers to the questions on the paper I gave you before.OK?Remember when you read the passage, you are sure to meet some new words. Don’t be eager to look them up. Try to underline them and guess their meanings according to the context. Understand me? Here we go! Time is up. Have you finished? Let’s check answers together. 3) Intensive reading( 2 min): pair work/group discussion/debate A方案. Now, here is a pair work. You guys read the passage by your self, and circle out the new words and phrases that you don’t understand. Then discuss with your partner, if they are really difficult, come to the front and write them on the blackboard,OK?Clear? (假装下去转一圈，与学生交流，然后回讲台自己写两个短语或句型)Just now, two of our classmate write something on the blackboard, let’s see together. ( 讲解短语，可以夹杂一点中文。当然，挑自己会的讲，简单的讲，我当时讲得很简单，估计还是学生以前就学过的呢，你只要装作是新知识就行。) B方案. I would like you to join the groups and discuss .. Now, just go ahead. Later, we will share your ideas with all of us here. Understand me? You have 2 minutes to prepare. Here we go. Time is up. Any group would like to share your idea with us? Yes, Amy please. Any different ideas? IV. Post-reading (1 min) role-play/interview/retell Here is a dialogue based on the passage.Now, you work in groups and discuss about the dialogue, and practice it. After 2 mins, I’ll ask some of you to act it out,OK? So,Time is up. who would like to act your dialogue out? Yes, you please,and your partner? Oh,yes, come to the front please. Now, class, it’s show time OK? Let’s enjoy their show. (点头赞许过程) OK， Thank you very much, all of you are pretty good. Let’s clap for them. So, Tom please. How did you think about their action? Is it good? Yes. So, if there are 5 points, how many points would you give them? 4? Yes,sit down please.( 让学生评价学生，新课程理念) V. Summary & Home work (1 min) We have done a lot of things today. Who would like to give a summary of this class? Yes,Lily please. Yes,firstly, we have talked about. Then, we discussed. Next, we learned some useful words and expressions. You are excellent. I’ll give you an apple.(加分) Since time is limited, I cannot hear more creative ideas from you. Now, homework for today. You need to search the Internet and find more information aboutnext time, some of you will share your information with the whole class,OK? (作业不要让抄单词什么的，最好是开放性的作业，做调查，问卷或者小手工什么的) OK, so much for today. See you! 中学英语教师证面试reading试讲模板 开场白 Good morning, everyone. My name is XXX. It’s my pleasure to stand here and show you my trial teaching. I hope you will enjoy my performance and have a great time here. Now Let’s get ready for class. Today we are going to learn xxx. At first, let’s review the words and phrases in the last class. Very good. Now, let’s go to the reading part. Please turn to page XXX. (Reading teaching) Step1.Lead-in Let’s have a free talk about XXX---and then discuss the question in pre-reading on page XXX,I will ask someone to talk about your ideas. Step2.Fast reading Read the passage as quickly as you can and find the topic sentence of each paragraph. Time’s up. Now, please ask my questions. Questions:1.what’s the general idea of the test? 2.which one is the topic sentence of the first paragraph? 3.divide the passage into 3 parts and think about the main ideas. find out the answers of the questions on page XXX. Step3 Intensive reading Read the passage carefully again and underline the new words and phrases. Now, listen to the tape of paragraph one. Pay attention please. Well, look at the blackboard. These are the new words and phrases of this paragraph. Read after me, XXX go. Now you read it one by one. Let’s start from XXX. Look here please. This is the sentence pattern. I think that sth/sb is(are) because How to use it? Look at the example. (E.g. I think ice cream is junk food, because it has a lot of fat and sugar.) Now, please make sentences by yourself. I will give you 1 minutes. Who would like to tell me your sentence? Step4. Post-reading. Retell the passage: We’ve read the whole passage deeply. These are the general ideas of all paragraphs. Please communicate with your partner to retell the passage according to the general ideas. Do the exercise on page XXX. Step 5 Summary Let’s go through the language points of this lesson once again. Step 6. Homework Chose three newly learnt phrases to make sentences. 结束语 That’s all for may trial teaching. I've always dreamed to be a teacher,and if I passed the interview, I will have a chance to go further on this soul's journey. Thanks for your listening. 初中英语教师面试讲课稿模板 上课： Class begin! Good morning，everyone~ Sit down，please~ 打招呼： Hello，boys and girls~ How are you today? Fine，thank you~ I am so happy to have a class for you~ 导入课题： before the class，I want to show you a video~ It's very interesting,right? 讲教学目标： 单词: 句型： 听力: Yes~ now, who can tell me, what video is talking about? Ok, you please~very good~the video is talking about. So, today we are going to learn a new lesson~ ModuleUnit (可用不同方式引入单词 ) now look at the picture~what's this? Yes, It's (在黑板写单词) Please read after me~ boys~good job~ girls~well done~all class~wonderful~ (连续教3-4个单词) (引入句型) (在黑板写句型) Please read after me~(.......) Excellent,now boys read A,girls read B,one two begin, you're so wonderful~ Now, change, girls read A, boys read B,one two begin. Well done~ Now, I need you work in pairs, please change these words To make a new conversation,then come here to show us.I will Give you two minutes to practice~ Ok, time is up,any volunteer? You two please come here~ Very good~please go back to your seat~ ok. So much for the conversation,now, let's listen to a tap. Before you listen, there is a question,........ok,let's start~ Now, who can tell me the answer? You please~ Is he right? Yes,excellent! Sit down, please~ (在黑板上写课题) 朗读： now please open your book,turn to page..,let's read the text~ All of you did a good job~ 结束： well，today is so much for this~this is your today's home work on the PPT, please hand in me tomorrow~ Class is over, goodbye everyone~
