牛津高中英语m7u1

Unit 2 Fit for life

This article will focus on two drugs that started revolutions in medicine. If you open up any medicine cupboard or go to any medicine counter in the world, it is likely that you will find aspirin and penicillin. Both of these medicines have saved millions of people's lives and have proved beneficial to mankind since they were invented.

Aspirin：： was invented in 1897. However, the basic chemical used to make aspirin can be found in nature. Nearly 3,500 years ago, people chewed on leaves or drank a kind of tea made from leaves possessing a special chemical to reduce body pains and fever. About 2,500 years ago, the Greek physician Hippocrates, father of all doctors, made a juice from a tree bark containing salicylic acid for the same effect. It was in 1897 that a European chemist called Dr Felix Hoffmann produced aspirin from this chemical. The first trials of this medicine took place in 1899, when the company Hoffmann worked for began distributing the medicine in powder form to physicians to use with patients. A year later, in 1900, aspirin was sold in shops in the form of tablets. Within a short time, aspirin became the best-selling medicine in the world for pain relief.

Not only has aspirin proved vital for reducing fever and helping stop pain, but there are also other things that aspirin can help with. Lawrence Craven, a doctor from the USA, introduced the idea in 1953 that aspirin had the potential to reduce the risk of heart attacks, because it helped the blood circulate better. The report was ignored. However, in 1971, Smith and Willis from the UK proved that aspirin could have that effect, and in 1977 a study carried out in the USA showed that aspirin could prevent strokes, as well. Eleven years later, Dr Thun from the USA showed that aspirin could reduce the risk of some cancers by 40 per cent. In 1999, aspirin was over 100 years old, and yet there have been more discoveries about how it can help increase the length of people's lives. In 2003, a Chinese doctor, Dr Yuan Minsheng, found that aspirin could reduce blood sugar levels and, therefore, help people with diabetes.

为了更好地测试学生的综合英语能力，托福阅读考试在形式和内容上都进行了改革，新托福阅读在整体命题思路和出题套路上并没有太大的变化。也就是说考生要想在新托福阅读考试中取得好成绩，还是要把重点放在认真地做好考前的准备工作上，提高自己的英语综合能力，在把握新托福阅读考试思路，熟练运用解题技巧的同时，保证词汇量达到一定的水平。因此建议考生们一定要在备考的过程中配备新托福阅读的第一把剑——词汇。托福阅读考试中词汇题会占到三分之一的比例，也就是说每篇文章中基本会有4题左右的词汇题。而这些词汇题中的词汇基本上也不会是所谓的“变态词”。当然有的考生会说到时根据上下文内容猜出单词的意思不就可以了吗?但是很多考生会出现的一种情况是：题干中的单词能猜出什么意思，可是选项中的单词不认识，最终依然无法选出正确答案。以TPO 8中第二篇文章的题目为例：Paragraph 6: In view of these facts, scientists …Their calculation show that the impact kicked up a dust clout that cut off sunlight for several months, inhibiting photosynthesis in plants; decreased surface temperatures on continents to below freezing; caused extreme episodes of acid rain; and significantly raised long-term global temperatures through the greenhouse effect. This disruption of food chain and climate would have eradicated the dinosaurs and other organisms in less than fifty years.Question 11: The word disruption in the paragraph is closest in meaning to○ exhaustion○ disturbance○ modification○ disappearance有的同学对disruption一词并不认识，但是根据disruption所在句子的前一句话“他们的计算表明撞击扬起的灰尘遮挡了阳光达几个月之久，阻止了植物的光合作用，将陆地上的气温降到了零点之下，导致酸雨，通过温室效应造成了长期的、严重的全球升温”，考生们可以猜出该词为“扰乱”之意，但是再看选项，一些词汇量小的考生可能只知道最后一个单词的意思，而disappearance, 意为“消失”，又不可能是正确选型，因此这些词汇量小的考生们只能束手无策了。其实第一个选项为“耗尽、用光”之意;第二个选项为“打扰、妨碍”之意;第三个选项为“修改”之意，所以正确答案应该是第二个选项。其他题型的考查重点虽然不是词汇，但是词汇量缺乏依然会对题目的理解和答题造成影响，而如果考生们能够把这些单词都掌握好，那么考试的主动权当然也就掌握在自己手里了。现行新托福阅读考试对词汇量的要求约为8000左右，因此考生们一定要配备应试新托福阅读的第一把剑——词汇，要坚持把单词书完整“啃”下来并彻底消化，打好词汇量基础。当然要把一整本词汇书“啃”下并消化，除了勤劳，还要注意单词的记忆技巧，不能光靠“蛮力”，这样容易产生疲倦感和厌恶感，反而产生负面效果。考生们可以运用以下几种记忆技巧来背单词：★ 谐音记忆 如：lethal可记成“离骚”。★ 联想记忆 如：battlefield(战场)可以联想为“打仗battle的场所field当然就是战场啦”。★ 比较记忆 如：形近单词evolution和revolution相比，evolution比revolution少了个字母r, 这种情况下我们可以想evolution是革命之前的进化发展，所以少一个字母r。★ 发音记忆 如：exacerbate的音标为[gzsbet], 遵循了发音规律，考生掌握了该单词字母组合的发音规律，边读边背，就可以很轻松的记住它了。★ 词群记忆 如：在背choosier一词时，考生应同时想托福阅读中choosier的解释“demanding”一词。★ 拆分记忆 如：deforestation可以拆为前缀de-, 词根forest, 后缀-ation。★ 滚动记忆 如：如果背单词表，在第一天背了10个单词，那么第二天在背新的10个单词之前必须先复习第一天背过的10个单词;第三天在背新的10个单词前先复习前两天背过的20个单词，以此类推。另外考生们在背单词的过程中需要通过不断做题来复习阅读高频词，因为既然是阅读高频词，肯定在阅读的文章中是反复出现的。当然也会有很多同学说背词汇书太有挑战性了，背过之后特别容易遗忘，而且也感觉枯燥无味，所以考生们如果不喜欢背词汇书，建议考生也可以精读OG或者TPO中的文章，因为所谓的新托福阅读高频词当然就是在新托福阅读文章和题目中会反复出现并考到的单词。

无限帮打下暴君装备

M7 A famous story Unit 1 Alice was sitting with her sister by the river. Tony: How is it going, Lingling? Lingling: Ssh! I’m reading. Tony: Sorry! What’s the book? Lingling: Sally sent it to me. It’s about a girl called Alice. Tony: Go on! Lingling: One day she was sitting by the river with a book, but she wasn’t reading it. Suddenly a white rabbit ran past her. It was looking at its watch.. Tony: Why was it running? Lingling: Because it was late. Tony: Where was it going? Lingling: To a tea party with the Mad Hatter, the March Hare and a mouse. Tony: I see! Was there a King and a Queen? Lingling: Yes. Tony: And what were they doing? Lingling: The Queen was playing in the garden and the King was sitting on the grass. And the Cheshire Cat was sitting in a tree and was smiling at everyone. Tony: And let me guess…then Alice fell down a rabbit hole and went into their strange world! Lingling: Tony! Do you know the book? Tony: Yes, it’s Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland. Every boy and girl in Britain has read it.

托尼的爸爸：喂，托尼。做什么呢？托尼：我在找您在澳大利亚的照片。托尼的爸爸：噢，需要我帮你找到它们吗？托尼：太好了！谢谢。我们在做一个项目是关于我们想去参观的国家的，我想写澳大利亚。我要想象自己去过那里，在给妈妈和您写信。托尼的爸爸：噢，看看这些照片。托尼：让我看看。嘿，那是什么？托尼的爸爸：它叫Uluru，是一块大岩石，位于澳大利亚的中部。十分奇特。托尼：这个建筑呢？托尼的爸爸：那是悉尼歌剧院。（看上去）像一艘航行的轮船，三面环水。这是我在大保礁看到的一条鲨鱼的照片。托尼：喔！太令人震惊了！你看到袋鼠或鳄鱼了吗？托尼的爸爸：我们从乌奴奴回来的路上看到袋鼠跟着我们的车跳跃。但是没有看到鳄鱼。托尼：这些都是很棒的照片。顺便问一下，我能借照相机用一下吗？托尼的爸爸：做什么呢？托尼：嗯，有一个我想赢的摄影比赛！我想下周我们学校舞会时拍些照片。托尼的爸爸：我想也是！好吧，你可以把相机拿去，但是要在你完成有关澳大利亚的项目之后才行。