初二英语下册大纲

Unit 1Useful Expressions1. make predictions 做预测2. free time 空闲时间3. fly…to… 乘坐…飞往…4. on a space station 在太空站上5. I disagree. 我不同意.6. fall/be in love with sb. 与sb.相爱7. keep pets 养宠物8. be able to 能够9. predict the future 预测未来10. come true 实现11. see sb. do sth. 看见sb.做某事(的全过程)doing sth. 看见sb.正在做某事(片断)12. help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事13. hundreds of 数以百计的14. try to do sth. 尽力做某事15. look like 看上去长的像…16. look for 寻找17. 一段时间 + from now (从现在起)…之后from now on = in the future 今后Key Points1. Do you think …?I think (that)….I don’t think (that)….2. study at home on computer辨析：on，in和with.on：表示使用通讯工具、信息或传媒，乘坐交通工具等;in：使用语言文字等媒介;with：借助具体的手段或工具。Eg. I don’t want to talk about it on the phone.Can you speak it in English?Don’t write it with a red pen.3. Will people use money in 100 years?“in+时间”结构常与一般将来时连用，对其进行提问时用特殊疑问词how soon.4. beforeago 与过去时连用Grammar Focus1. The Simple Future tense一般将来时的三种基本结构：⑴ will +V.⑵ be going to +V.⑶ be + Ving一般将来时的时间状语：in + 时间，in the future，next + 时间，与tomorrow 相关的时间，this + 时间，from now on，right now，some day…2.形容词、副词的比较级用法Unit 2UE1. argue with sb. 与某人争吵about/over sth. 为某事争吵2. out of style/danger 过时/脱离险境in style/danger 时尚/处于危险之中3. call up sb. (代词放中间)给某人打电话4. keep out 不让…进入5. What’s wrong? 怎么啦?6. be surprised at … 对…感到吃惊7. borrow sth. from sb. 从某人那里借入某物8. need to do sth. (某人)需要做某事doing sth. (某物)需要做某事9. pay … for sth. 为某物付…(钱)10. the same + n. + as… 与…一样的n.11. get on well with sb. 与某人相处融洽12. have a fight with sb. 与某人争吵13. take part in 加入14. plan sth. for sb. 为某人计划某事15. as much as possible 尽可能多的…KP.1. Sb. pay …for sth. 某人为某物花了…钱。Sth. cost sb. … 某物花了某人…钱。Sb. spend … on sth. 某人花了…(时间、金钱)在某事上。(in) doing sth. 某人花了…(时间、金钱)做某事。It takes/took sb. … to do sth. 花了某人…(时间、金钱)做某事。2. not … until 直到…才… (主句动词是短暂性动词)until 一直到… (主句中使用延续性动词)3. leaveGF情态动词1. 情态动词没有人称和数的变化;2. 情态动词不能直接做谓语，必须和一个动词原形同时使用;3. 大多数情态动词没有时态的变化;4. 情态动词加上be，通常表示猜测的语气。Unit3UE1. in front of ---- behide 在…的前面 ---- 在…的后面in the front of ---- at the back of 在…的前部 ---- 在…的后部(包含在内)2. take off 起飞3. get out of 离开…4. You are kidding. 胡说八道5. follow sb. to do sth. 跟着某人做某事6. get into 进入7. shout at 训斥、责备shout to 向…喊叫8. What happen? 发生什么事了?happen = take place 发生9. in silence 沉默地10. in space 在太空中11. at the doctor’s 在诊所12. jump down from… 从…跳下13. climb up the tree 爬上树KP“as + 形容词/副词的原级+as”表示“和…一样”否定形式：“not as/so + 形容词/副词的原级+as” 表示“和…不一样”GF1. The Past Progressive Tense过去进行时⑴用法：表示在过去某一时刻或某段时间内正在进行的动作。⑵谓语结构：be ( was, were )+ Ving⑶时间状语：at that time/momentat + 点钟 + yesterday/last nightfrom +点钟 + to +点钟 + yesterdaythis time yesterdayjust thenwhen he came in, ….(when引导的时间状语从句是过去时，并且动词是短暂性动词时，主句使用过去进行时)2. when & whilewhen与while都是从属连词，都有“当……时”的意思。when 可与一个点的时间或表示一段的时间连用，从句动词可以是短暂性或延续性动词;while 只指一段时间，不能指一点时间。因此while从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词。Unit 4UE1. have a surprise party 举办一个惊喜派对2. be mad at/with sb. for sth. 因为某事对某人发火be mad about/on sth./sb. 对某事/某人很着迷3. not … anymore = not … any more = no more 不再4. first of all 首先5. pass ( on ) sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人pass on (代词放中间)6. work on 从事7. be supposed to = should 应该8. be good/better/best at 擅长于…do well/better/best in9. report card 成绩单10. the disappointing result 令人失望的结果11. this semester 本学期12. How’s it going? 你好吗?How goes it?How are things going?13. be in good/poor/bad/ill health 健康状况好/不好/糟糕/病着14. end of year exams 期末考15. get/be nervous of sth./doing sth. 对某事/做某事感到紧张16. have a hard time with sth. 在某事上/做某事处境困难doing sth.17. It’s just that… 这只是由于…18. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事doing sth. 忘记做过某事19. get over 克服20. for now 至今为止21. open up 打开22. care for 照顾KP1. true 符合客观事实的(人和事)really 真实存在的(人和事)2. be sure that 确信…3. I don’t think (that)… 我不认为…(否定前置)GF1. The object clause宾语从句⑴ 引导词：that —— 引导陈述句，在句中可省略;if，whether ——引导一般疑问句，可相互替换(从句中出现or not时只能使用whether);wh-，h- —— 引导特殊疑问句。主句 从句一般现在时 各种时态一般过去时 相应的过去时态⑵ 时态：注意：从句讲述的是客观真理时，不根据主句改变时态。⑶ 语序：引导词后加陈述句语序“主句 + 引导词 + 从句主语 + 从句谓语 + 其他”2. Direct Speech and Reported Speech直接引语变为间接引语时参照宾语从句的变法，把双引号内的句子变为宾语从句即可。以下是另需变化的两点⑷ 人称和所有格：“ 一主，二宾，三不变 ”⑸ 状语与动词Unit 5UE (Useful Expression)1. have a great time 过得很愉快2. wear jeans 穿牛仔裤3. let sb. in/out/by 让某人进来/出去/过去 4. be late for 迟到5. be sorry (that)… 感到遗憾6. organize sth. for … 为…组织某事7. half (of) the class 半班8. take away… 把…拿走、没收bring sth. to … 把某物带来…take sth. from … 从…把某物带走9. Why not? 为什么不呢?10. clean up 收拾干净11. make a lot of money 挣许多钱12. be famous for… 因…而出名be famous as… 因作为…而出名13. join = take part in 参加14. a professional athlete 职业运动员15. get injured 受伤16. a great chance 一次好机会17. all the time 一直18. around the world = all over the world 全世界19. make a living (by) doing sth. 做某事谋生20. complain about sth. 抱怨某事21. decide to do sth. 决定去做某事22. in order to do sth. 以便、为了that + 目的状语从句 = so thatin order 整齐、有条理、正常23. talk on the phone 讲电话KP(Key sentences)1. too much + 不可数名词too many + 可数名词much too + 形容词2. against 反对、与…相反、与…对抗argue against 抵制GF1. The Conditional Adverbial Clause条件状语从句由if或unless引导，表示如果有从句中的动作发生，就会有主句的动作发生。在条件状语从句中，主句是将来时、祈使句或含有情态动词的句子时，从句要使用一般现在时表达将来的意思(即：主将从现)。if：如果unless：除非 = if… not…，….Eg. We will have a meeting tomorrow if Mr. Gao doesn’t leave for Shanghai.= We will have a meeting tomorrow unless Mr. Gao leaves for Shanghai.2. ImperativeUnit 6Useful Expression1. how long 多长时间了?2. start class/skating/to skate 开始上课/滑冰= begin class/skating/to skate3. a skating marathon 一场滑冰马拉松4. would like = ’d like 愿意、想要5. run out of 跑完6. by the way 顺便问一下7. more than = over 超过8. ever since 自从9. raise money for charity 筹集善款10. a pair of 一双11. five and a half years 五年半12. the whole five hours 整整五个小时13. in Russian style 以俄罗斯的风格Key sentences1. Every hour they skate, each student raises ten yuan for charity.每位学生每溜冰一个小时就能为慈善事业筹到10元钱。every 和each 都表示“每一个”，但every是指整体，each是指每个个体。2. Next is Sam. 紧接着的是Sam。3. Because we’ve run out of room to store them. 因为我们已经没地方存放他们了。4. By the way, what’s your hobby? 顺便问一下，你有什么爱好?5. I am interested in the job as a writer. 我对这份作家的工作感兴趣。6. In fact, the first Jews probably came to Kaifeng more than a thousand years ago.事实上，首批犹太人可能是在一千多年前来到开封的。7. The more I learn about Chinese history, the more I enjoy living in China. 我对中国历史了解的越多，我就越喜欢在中国生活。8. Although I live quite far from Beijing, …. 虽然我住得离北京很远。Grammar1. 现在完成进行时(1) 结构：have/has + been + V.ing.(2) 用法：表示从过去某一时刻开始，一直延续到现在且很有可能持续下去;I’ve been doing the cleaning all this morning.表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的某一动作刚刚结束;You’re late again! I’ve been waiting here for an hour.表示一个一直到说话时为止的一段时间内一再重复的动作。I have been calling you several times in two days.(3) 时间状语：all the time/this morning, since morning, all night,this week/month, recently 等(3) 对现在完成进行时的时间状语进行提问时使用how long。How long have you been skating?I’ve been skating since I was seven years old.for 5 years old.2. 现在完成进行时与现在完成时区别：现在完成进行时侧重于动作的持续、运行;而现在完成时强调动作的完成。如：I have written a letter to my father.(到现在信已写完)我给我的父亲写了一封信。I have been writing a letter to my father.(一直在写，现在还在写)我一直在给我的父亲写信。再看：I wrote a letter to my father. 我给我的父亲写过一封信。Unit 7Useful Expression1. turn down/up 调小/大(音量)turn on/off 打开/关上(电源开关)2. not at all 一点也不3. right away = in a minute 立刻、马上4. do/wash the dish 洗碗5. get out of 出来6. put on 穿上(动作)wear 穿着(状态)7. feed the dog 喂狗keep the dog 养狗8. return … to … 把…还给…9. help sb. do/with sth. 帮助某人做某事10. make posters 制作海报11. a terrible haircut 一个糟糕的发型12. have a long telephone conversation 褒电话粥13. wait in line 排队cut in line 插队14. follow sb. around 跟在某人周围15. get mad = get annoy = get angry 感到恼火16. all the time 一直17. complain about 抱怨…18. be polite 有礼貌19. try (not) to do sth. 尽力(不去)做某事20. must be 一定是21. keep down 保持音量22. seem like 看上去像…23. be allowed 被允许24. even if/though 尽管、即使25. take care = be careful 小心26. in public places 在公众场合in public 公开地，当众地27. put out 熄灭28. drop litter 乱丢垃圾29. pick up 捡起、拾起Key sentences1. Would you mind turning down the music? 你介不介意把音乐声关小呢?Would you mind (not) doing sth.? 你介不介意做(不做)…?= Would/Could you please (not) do sth.? 请你做(不做)…好吗?2. I won’t be long. 我一会就好。3. The pen you bought didn’t work. 你买的那把笔坏了。= The pen you bought wasn’t broken.= There was something wrong with the pen you bought.= Something was wrong with the pen you bought.4. Here you are. 给你。Here’s what they said. 以下是他们所说的。5. I can’t stand it. 我无法忍受。I can’t stand to see good food to waste. 我无法忍受看着好食物被浪费。6. Could you please not follow me around? 请你不要跟着我四周好吗?7. This happens to me all the time in the school library.在学校图书馆我一直碰上这种事。9. Would you mind keeping your voice down? 你介不介意把音量放小呢?voice: 名词，指说话和唱歌地嗓音; talk in a loud voice 高声交谈noise: 名词，指人们不愿听到地噪音;sound: 名词，泛指自然界一切可以听到的声音。10. For example, dropping litter is almost never allowed.例如，乱丢垃圾是不被允许的。be allowed 被允许。 “be + 动词的过去分词”是被动语态

作为知识分子，不应该也不会排斥团队协作和团队精神，但他在团队里，是有一个“独立之人格，自由之思想”的人。下面我给大家分享一些 八年级 下册英语知识，希望能够帮助大家，欢迎阅读!

八年级下册英语知识1

Unit 1 What’s the matter?

【重点 短语 】

1.have a fever 发烧

2.have a cough 咳嗽

3.have a toothache 牙疼

4.talk too much 说得太多

5.drink enough water 喝足够的水

6.have a cold 受凉;感冒

7.have a stomachache 胃疼

8.have a sore back 背疼

9.have a sore throat 喉咙痛

10. take risks 冒险

11.hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶

12.see a dentist 看牙医

13.get an X-ray 拍X 光片

14.take one’ s temperature 量体温

15.put some medicine on sth. 在……上面敷药

16. give up 放弃

17. sound like 听起来像

18. all weekend 整个周末

19. in the same way 以同样的方式

20. go to a doctor 看医生

21. go along 沿着……走

22. on the side of the road 在马路边

23. shout for help 大声呼救

24. without thinking twice 没有多想

25. get off 下车

26. have a heart problem 有心脏病

27. to one’ s surprise 另某人惊讶的是

28. thanks to 多亏了 ;由于

29. in time 及时

30. make a decision 做出决定

31. get into trouble 造成麻烦

32. right away 立刻;马上

33. because of 由于

34. get out of 离开;从……出来

35. keep on doing sth. 继续或坚持做某事

36. put a bandage on sth. 用绷带包扎

37. fall down 摔倒

38. feel sick 感到恶心

39. have a nosebleed 流鼻血

40. cut his knee 割伤他的膝盖

41. put her head back 把她的头向后仰

42. have problems breathing 呼吸困难

43. mountain climbing 登山运动

44. be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事

45. run out (of) 用完;用尽

46. so that 以便

47. so...that... 如此……以至于...…

48. be in control of 掌管;管理

49. in a difficult situation 在闲境中

【重点句型】

1. What's the matter with you?= What'the trouble with you?

= What's wrong with you? 你怎么了?

2. What should she do? 她该怎么办呢?

3.Should I take my temperature? 我应该量一下体温吗?

4.You should lie down and rest. 你应该躺下休息一会儿。

5. Do you think it comes from a newspaper or a book? 你认为它是来自报纸还是书呢?

6. I think I sat in the same way for too long without moving.我想我以同样的姿势一动不动地坐得太久了。

7. She said that the man had a heart problem and should go to the hospital. 她说这个人有心脏病应该去医院。

八年级下册英语知识2

Unit 2 I ’ll help to clean up the city parks.

【重点短语】

1.Clean-Up Day 清洁日

2. an old people’s home 养老院

3. help out with sth. 帮助解决困难

4. used to 过去常常......

5. care for 关心;照顾

6. the look of joy 快乐的表情

7. at the age of 在......岁时

8.clean up 打扫(或清除)干净

9. cheer up (使)变得更高兴;振奋

10. give out 分发;散发

11. come up with 想出;提出

12. make a plan 制订计划

13. make some notices 做些公告牌

14. try out 试用;试行

15. work for 为…工作;为…. 效力

16. put up 建造;举起;张贴

17. hand out 分发;散发;发给

18. call up 打电话;召集

19. put off 推迟;延迟

20. for example 比如;例如

21. raise money 筹钱;募捐

22. take after 与......相像;像

23. give away 赠送;捐赠

24. fix up 修理 ;修补;解决

25. be similar to 与……相似

26. set up 建立;设立

27. disabled people 残疾人

28. make a difference 影响;有作用

29. be able to 能够

30. after-school reading program 课外阅读项目

【重点句型】

1. The boy could give out food at the food bank. 这个男孩可以在食品救济站分发食物。

2. Clean-Up Day is only two weeks from now. 清洁日离现在仅仅两周的时间。

3. He volunteers at an animal hospital every Saturday morning. 每周六上午，他都在一'家动物医院当志愿者。

4. Last year, she decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program. 去年，她决定去参加一个课外阅读项目的志愿者的选拔。

5.You can see in their eyes that they're going on a different journey with each new book. 从他们的眼睛里你可以看到他们正在进行每本不同的新书之旅。

6. I want to put off my plan to work in an animal hospital until next summer. 我想把我在动物医院工作的计划推迟到明年夏天。

7. Most people today are only worried about getting good jobs to make lots of money. 现在的大部分人只是为找一份能挣许多钱的好工作而着急。

8. You helped to make it possible for me to have Luck. 在你的帮助下，我才有可能拥有“幸运儿”。

八年级下册英语知识3

Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?

【重点短语】

1.go out for dinner 出去吃饭

2.stay out late 在外面待到很晚

3.go to the movies 去看电影

4.get a ride 搭车

5.work on 从事

6.finish doing sth. 完成做某事

7.clean and tidy 干净整洁的

8.do the dishes 洗餐具

9.take out the rubbish 倒垃圾

10.fold your/the clothes 叠衣服

11.sweep the floor 扫地

12.make your/the bed 整理床铺

13.clean the livng room 打扫客厅

14.no problem 没问题

15.welcome sb. 欢迎某人

16.come home from school/work放学/下班回家

17.throw down 扔下

18.sit down 坐下

19.come over 过来

20.take sb. for a walk 带某人去散步

21.all the time 一直;总是

22.all day/evening 整曰/夜

23.do housework 做家务

24.shout back 大声回应

25.walk away 走开

26.share the housework 分担家务

27.a comfortable home 一个舒适的家

28.in surprise 惊讶地

29.get something to drink 拿点喝的东西

30.watch one show 观看一个节目

31.hang out 闲逛

32.pass sb. sth. 把某物传给某人

33.lend sb. sth. 把某物借给某人

34.get sth. wet 使某物弄湿

35. hate to do sth. 讨厌做某事

36.do chores 做杂务

37.help sb. (to ) d o /with sth?帮助某人干某事

38.bring a tent带顶帐篷来

39.buy some snacks买些小吃

40.go to the store去商店

41.invite sb. to a party邀请某人参加聚会

42.make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事

43.enough stress足够的压力

44.a waste of time浪费时间

45.in order to为了

46.get good grades取得好成绩

47.mind doing sth. 介意做某事

48.depend on依赖;依靠

49.develop children ’ s independence发展孩子的独立性

50.look after/take care of 照顾;照看

51.do one’ s part in (doing ) sth. 做某人分内的事

【重点句型】

1.Could you please clean your room? 你能打扫一下你的房间吗?

2. I have to do some work. 我必须干些活。

3. Could I use your computer? 我可以用一下你的电脑吗?

4. She won't be happy if she sees this mess. 如果她看到这样乱七八糟的话，她会不高兴的。

5. For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I. 整整一周，她什么 家务活 都不干了，我也一样。

6. My mom came over as soon as I sat down in front of the TV .我一在电视机前坐下，我妈妈就过来了。

7. I hate to do chores. 我不喜欢做杂务。

八年级下册英语知识4

Unit 4 Why don’t you talk to your parents?

【重点短语】

1.have free time有空闲时间

2.allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事

3.hang out with sb. 与某人闲逛

4. after-school classes课外活动课

5. get into a fight with sb.与某人吵架/打架

6. until midnight直到半夜

7. talk to sb. 与某人交谈

8. too many太多

9. study too much学得过多

10. get enough sleep有足够的睡眠

11. write sb. a letter给某人写信

12. call sb. up打电话给某人

13. surprise sb. 令某人惊讶

14. look through翻看

15. be angry with sb. 生某人的气

16. a big deal重要的事

17. work out成功地发展;解决

18. get on with与...相处

19. fight a lot经常吵架/打架

20. hang over笼罩

21. refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事

22. offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事

23. so that以便

24. mind sb. doing sth. 介意某人做某事

25. all the time一直

26. in future今后

27. make sb. angry使某人生气

28. worry about sth. 担心某事

29. copy one’ s homework抄袭某人的作业

30. be oneself做自己

31. family members

32. spend time alone独自消磨时光

33. give sb. pressure给某人施压

34. have a fight with sb. 与某人吵架

35. compete with sb. 与某人竞争

36. free time activities业余活动

37. get better grades取得更好的成绩

38. give one’ s opinion提出某人的观点

39. learn exam skills学习应试技巧

40. practice sports体育训练

41. cause stress造成压力

42. cut out删除

【重点句型】

1. I studied until midnight last night so I didn't get enough sleep. 我昨晚学习到半夜所以睡眠不足。

2. Why don't you forget about it? 你为什么不忘掉它呢?

3. Although she's wrong , it,s not a big deal. 虽然她错了,但这并不是什么大事儿。

4. He should talk to his friend so that he can say he's sorry.他应该跟朋友谈谈以便他能说声对不起。

5. Maybe you could go to his house. 也许你可以去他家。

6. I guess I could, but I don't want to surprise him. 我想我可以，但我不想让他感到惊讶。

八年级下册英语知识5

Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came?

【重点短语】

1.make sure 确信;确认

2.beat against... 拍打……

3. fall asleep 进人梦乡;睡着

4. die down 逐渐变弱;逐渐消失

5. wake up 醒来

6. in a mess 一团糟

7. break...apart 使……分离

8. in times of difficulty 在困难的时候

9. at the time of 当.......时候

10. go off (闹钟)发出响声

11. take a hot shower 洗热水澡

12. miss the bus 错过公交车

13. pick up 接电话

14. bring... together 使……靠拢

15. in the area 在这个地区

16. miss the event 错过这个事件

17. by the side of the road 在路边

18. the Animal Helpline 动物保护热线

19. walk by 走路经过

20. make one’s way to.... 在某人去……的路上

21. hear the news 听到这个消息

22.important events in history 历史上的重大事件

23.for example 例如

24.be killed 被杀害

25. over 50 50多(岁)

26. a school pupil 一个小学生

27. on the radio 通过广播

28.in silence 沉默;无声

29.more recently 最近地;新近

30.the World Trade Center 世贸中心

31.take down 拆除;摧毁

32.have meaning to 对……有意义

33.remember doing sth. 记得做过某事

34.at first 首先;最初

【重点句型】

1. — What were you doing at eight last night? 昨晚8点你在干什么?

— I was taking a shower. 我在洗淋浴。

2. When it began to rain, Ben was helping his mom make dinner. 当开始下雨的时候，本正在帮他妈妈做晚饭。

3. — What was Jenny doing while Linda was sleeping? 琳达在睡觉的时候，珍妮正在干什么?

— While Linda was sleeping, Jenny was helping Mary with her homework. 琳达在睡觉的时候，珍妮正在帮玛丽做作业。

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