汽车部件论文英语

Car parts Engine The engine is a power plant, which provides power to drive the automobile． In most automobile engines，the explosive power of the mixture of air and gasoline drives the pistons．The pistons turn a crankshaft to which they are attached The rotating force of the crankshaft makes the automobile’s wheels turn． Some automobiles are powered by another kind of engine，known as the rotary valve，rotating combustion engine or Wankel engine The rotary valve engine also draws in a mixture of air and fuel, which is then compressed and burnt．A motor revolving in an elliptical chamber is connected to a shaft，Which finally drives the rear wheels．In most automobiles．the engine is mounted at the front end of the car，with the clutch and gearbox immediately behind it；the engine, clutch and gearbox are assembled into a single unit A number of systems are necessary to make an engine work . A lubrication system is needed to reduce friction and prevent engine wear. A cooling system is required to keep the engine’s temperature within safe limits .The engine must be provided with the correct amount of air and fuel by a fuel system． The mixture of air and fuel must be ignited inside the cylinder at just the right time by an ignition system．Finally, an electrical system is required to operate the cranking motor that starts the engine and to provide electrical energy to power engine accessories Lubrication System An engine has many moving parts which eventually develop wear，as they move against each other．The engine circulates oil between these moving parts to prevent the metal-to-metal contact that results in wear． Parts that are oiled can move more easily with less friction and hence power loss due to friction is minimized．The secondary function of lubricant is to act as a coolant and also as a sealing medium to prevent leakages．Finally，a film of lubricant on the cylinder walls helps the tings in sealing and thus improves the engine’s compressions． 汽车部件 发动机 发动机是一种动力机械设备．它为汽车提供动力。 在大部分汽车发动机中．空气和汽油的混合气体产生的爆炸性能量驱动活动活塞运动。活塞使它们所连接的曲轴转动。曲轴的转动力量使汽车的车轮转动。 一些汽车是由另外一种发动机提供动力的，这种发动机被认为是旋转气门、旋转燃烧或汪克尔发动机。转子发动机也是吸入空气和燃料的混合气，混合气被压缩和燃烧•在一个椭圆形的室内旋转的发动机连接着一个轴，这个轴将最终驱动后面的车轮。大部分汽车中，发动机是架在汽车的前面末端的，离台器和变速箱在它后面，发动帆、离台器和变速箱被装配成一个整体。 发动机工作时有很多系统都是必要的。润滑系统可以减少摩擦并减轻发动机磨损。冷却系统被用来保持发动机的温度在安全范围内。发动机必须有燃油系统保证适当数量的空气和燃料供给。 空气和燃油混合物必须由点火系统在适当的时间在气缸内被点燃。最后，电子系统被用来控制启动发动机用的电动机和为发动机附件提供电能。 润滑系统 发动机有许多最终会被磨损的运动部件，因为它们是相对运动的。发动机使润滑油在这些运动的部件间循环，以避免因金属与金属之间的接触而导致磨损。被润滑过的部件能够因为摩擦减少而容易运动，因摩擦导致的能量损失是最小的。润滑油的第二个功能是作为冷却液和防止泄露。最后，气缸壁上的润滑油薄膜有助于活塞环密封并因此提高发动机的压缩性。

一般词汇 first gear 一档 second gear 二档 reverse 倒车档 two-stroke engine 二冲程发动机 diesel 柴油机 limousine 豪华轿车 drophead 活动车篷汽车 racing car 赛车 saloon 轿车 roadster 敞蓬车 wecker, beat-up car, jalopy 老爷车 notchback 客货两用车 four-wheel drive 四轮驱动 front-wheel drive 前轮驱动 trailer 拖车 station wagon 小旅行车 truck 卡车 compact car 小型汽车 light-van 小型货车 garbage truck 垃圾车 automobile carrier 货运卡车 fire engine 消防车 tractor 牵引车 ambulance 救护车 taxi 出租车, 计程车 trailer truck 拖车 sports car 跑车 formula car 方程式赛车, 方程式汽车 mail car 邮车 jeep 吉普车 bloodmobile 血浆车 bumper car 碰撞用汽车 camper 露营车 police car 警车 wrecker 清障车 ambulance 急救车 汽车外设 front wheel 前轮 rear wheel 后轮 tread 轮距 chassis 底盘 bodywork, body 车身 rear window 后窗玻璃 windscreen 挡风玻璃 ] windscreen wiper 雨刮器 fender, wing, mudguard 挡泥板 radiator grille 水箱 wing mirror 后视镜 bonnet 发动机盖 boot 行李箱 roof rack, luggage rack 行李架 license plate, number plate 车号牌 wing 前翼子板 hubcap 轮毂罩 bumper 保险杠 front blinker 前信号灯 taillight, tail lamp 尾灯 backup light, reversing light 倒车灯 stoplight, stop lamp 刹车灯 rear blinker 转弯指示灯 trunk, boot 行李箱 bumper 保险杠 tailpipe 排气管 汽车内部 back seat, rear seat 后座 ] driver's seat, driving seat 驾驶席 passenger seat 旅客席 steering wheel, wheel 方向盘 rear-view mirror, driving mirror 后视镜 horn, hooter 喇叭 choke 熄火装置 gear stick, gear change 变速杆 gearbox 变速箱[ starter, self-starter 起动器,起动钮 brake pedal 刹车踏板 clutch pedal 离合器踏板 hand brake 手制动器 foot brake 脚制动器 dashboard 仪表板 milometer 里程表 speedometer, clock 速度表 transmission 传动 piston 活塞 ] radiator 散热器 fan belt 风扇皮带 shaft 传动轴 inner tube 内胎 drain tap 排气阀门 silencer 消音器 tank 油箱 ] overflow 溢流孔 valve 阀门 exhaust pipe 排气管 spare wheel 备胎,备用轮胎 carburettor 汽化器

Main PointsAir bags save lives. Nearly all the people who have died from air bag-related injuries were either unrestrained or improperly restrained. Emergency physicians see the tragic consequences of motor vehicle crashes every day. People should always buckle their lap/shoulder safety belts. Air bags are designed to work with, not instead of, safety belts. The risks that passenger seat air bags pose to children ages 12 and younger can be entirely eliminated when they ride properly restrained in the back seat. Q. Are air bags safe?A. When used properly, air bags save lives and put few people at risk. The vast majority of Americans can retain the benefits of air bags and eliminate risks by using air bags properly.Air bags have helped reduce deaths and serious injuries in automobile crashes since their introduction in the late 1980s. According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), frontal air bags saved 13,967 lives between 1987 and 2003. As of October 1999, about 84 children have died as a result of serious fatal head or neck injuries caused by air bags, but most of the children were unrestrained or improperly restrained, which allowed them to move on top of, or extremely close to their air bags as they began to inflate (e.g., some had slipped the shoulder strap behind them). In addition, NHTSA reports that child air bag deaths declined 96 percent between the years 1996-2001. In 1996, 26 children were killed by air bags; in 2000 9 child deaths were due to air bags. The concern about the risks that air bags may pose to children has helped focus the nation's attention on the urgent need to properly restrain children in motor vehicles. Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death in children, killing more children than all diseases combined. Each day in 2004, an average of six children from infancy to 14 years of age were killed and 673 were injured in motor vehicle crashes. Q. What is the proper use of air bags?A. Always buckle your lap/shoulder safety belt. Air bags are designed to work with — not instead of — safety belts.Make sure that everyone in the front seat is properly buckled up and seated as far back from the air bags as is reasonably possible. Unrestrained older children and adults sitting in the front seat can be seriously injured and even killed by a deploying air bag or by hitting the dashboard during a crash. Children under age 12 should be restrained in the back seat. Children under age 1 and weighing 20 pounds or less should be placed in a rear-facing, properly installed, child safety seat. The seat must never be placed in front of a passenger air bag, because an infant's head is too close to the air bag when it deploys. Drivers should sit at least 10 inches from the steering wheel. This allows the air bag to provide maximum protection and minimizes friction from contact with the bag as it unfolds. Maintaining this distance may also minimize head and chest injuries in cars not equipped with air bags. Drivers should position their hands at the 10 and 2 o’clock positions on the steering wheel to provide the greatest protection by allowing the air bag to deploy unobstructed. Drivers should pay close attention to the driving environment, including traffic, road conditions, speed limit and other safety laws. No restraint system can protect against all injuries. Q. Should air bag on-off switches be installed in cars?A. Air bags have helped reduce deaths and serious injuries in automobile crashes since their introduction in the late 1980s. By 2003, more than three in four (77 percent) drivers reported having an air bag in their primary driving vehicle.Air bags must come out fast to create the instant buffer that, with safety belts, protects people from serious injuries in a frontal collision. During pre-crash braking, unrestrained drivers and passengers may be thrown against the hub of the steering wheel or dashboard, where an air bag is housed. Individuals not wearing their lap and shoulder belts and/or who are riding less than 10 inches from where the air bag is housed can receive serious or even fatal injuries from deploying air bags. The steering wheel itself is a primary cause of injury to drivers during a crash. To reduce risk of these injuries, sit back as far as possible from the steering wheel. Families who may consider installing on-off switches so children can ride in the front seat should know that children are significantly safer riding in the back seat, with or without an air bag. According to NHTSA, children are up to 27 percent safer in the back seat. If an on-off switch is installed, individuals must be diligent to turn it off when permitting a child to ride in the front seat and diligent to turn it on when an adult passenger is in the car. According to NHTSA, people who may be eligible for using on-off switches are those who must transport infants riding in rear-facing infant seats in front passenger seats, people who must transport children ages 1 to 12 in front passenger seats, drivers who cannot keep 10 inches away from the steering wheel, and people whose doctors say they have medical conditions that warrant turning off their air bags.

哎，没有200是不会给你翻译这么多的