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十大翻译技巧
要想成为一名职业翻译,要使译文显得比较流畅和专业,就必须懂得翻译技巧,下面我就给大家带来十大翻译技巧,谢谢您的阅读,祝您阅读愉快。
一、同义反译法
1. Only three customers remained in the bar.
酒吧间只有三个顾客还没有走。
(不译:“还留着”或“还呆在那里”)
2. I'll be here for good this time.
这一次我再也不走了。
(不译:“永远在此呆下去”)
3. Please keep the fire burning when I'm out.
我不在家的时候,别让炉子灭了。
(不译:“我外出时,请让炉子继续烧着”)
4. "Wait, he is serious."
等等,他不是说着玩儿的。
(不译:”等等,他是认真的。“)
5. "Now, Clara, be firm with the boy!"
听我说,克拉拉,对这孩子可不能心软。
(不译:”......对这孩子要坚定“)
二、删减解释词
The traveller in the south must often have remarked that peculiar air of refinement, that softness of voice and manner, which seems in many cases to be a particular gift to the quotation and mulatto women.
到南方去的人看见那些黑白混血的女郎,一定会注意到她们十之八九都有那种独特的优雅风度、那种温柔的声音和文静的举止。
三、 短句拆译
" ...on one sunshiny morning in June , ..."
在六月里的一天早上,天气晴朗......
四、译词推陈出新
When he might well have acted with boldness, he found himself filled with doubts, scruples and equivocality, in addition to the ordinary fears of a lower.
原译:当他可以大胆行动的时候,他发现自己除了一个情人所具有的那种普通的害怕之外,心里还充满怀疑、顾虑和踌躇。
改译:等到他不妨放胆去追求的时候,他却迟疑不定,顾虑重重。至于一般堕入情网的人那种常有的提心吊胆的心理,那就更是难免的了。
五、解释性添词
"George, I'm ashamed of you! George, I couldn't have believed you would have done it! I always knew you to be a rolling stone that gathered no moss; but I never thought you would have taken away what little moss there was for Bagnet and the children to lie upon," said Mrs. Bagnet.
”乔治,我真替你害臊﹗乔治,想不到你会干出这种事情来﹗俗话说得好:滚着的碌碡不长苔,流浪的汉子不攒财。我早知道你就是这么一个流浪汉﹗可真没有想到你连贝格纳特和孩子们靠它过活的那一点点财也骗走“,贝格纳特太太说道。
六、词无定译
It is quite useless to ask whether Vanderbilt was criminally prosecuted or civilly sued by the Government. Not only was he unmolested, but two years later, he carried on another huge swindle upon the Government under peculiary heinous conditi.
我们根本不必追问政府是否根据刑法或民法对范德比尔特提出起诉。范德比尔特不仅逍遥法外,而且在两年后又以极其凶狠的手段对政府进行过一次巨大的诈骗。
七、精炼译词
A new dignity crept into his walk.
原译:走路的姿态不知甚么时候开始给人一种庄重的印象。
改译:走起路来,不觉平添了几分尊严。
八、 删削"When"字
1. When he saw me, he was startled.
他看见我,吓了一大跳。
(不译:当他看见我的时候......)
2. "When your gals takes on and cry, what's the use of cracking on them over the head, and knocking on them round?"
“你那些女黑奴哭得那么伤心,你还拿鞭子没头没脑的抽,把她们打得死去活来,那有什么用呢?”
(不译:当你那些女黑奴哭得那么伤心的时候,你还拿鞭子......)
九、感叹词的不同译法
1. "O, don't mother! I should like the flowers; do give them to me; I want them!"
"Why, Eva, your room is full now."
“妈妈,别这样﹗我喜欢这些花,把花给我吧,我要﹗ ”
“得了吧,伊娃,你屋里的花都满了。”
2. "Well, that's odd!" said Marie. "What in the world do you want that for?"
“哟,真是怪事﹗”玛利说,“你干嘛非要这个不可?”
十、顺拆法
His delegation agreed with the Executive Director/ that the fund should continue working/ for a better understanding of the interrelatihip between economic, social and demographic factors.
原译:他的代表团同意执行主任关于该基金会应继续为更好地了解经济、社会和人口的相互关系而努力的意见。
改译:他的代表团同意执行主任的意见,认为该基金会应继续努力, 以求更好地了解经济、社会和人口这三方面的相互关系。
定语从句的翻译技巧:
简单定语从句的翻译技巧
所谓简单的定语从句,是指一个句子只含一个定语从句的结构。这类定语从句,不论是限制性的还是非限制笥的`,在结构上与先行词的关系比较简单,翻译时多译成定语,也可译成并列句、状语从句或独立句等;这种定语从句还可译成句子成分,即和先行词放在一起翻译,它有如下几种情况:
1.译成主句把先行词译成定语,而把定语从句译成主句:
In the northern Balkans where the Bulgars were a constant threat to the empire, Basil Ii won such a crushing victory in 1014 that he was known thereafter as Bulgaroktouns, or the Bulgar-Slayer.
巴尔干半岛北部的保加利亚人,一直是帝国的威胁,1014年,巴西耳二世在巴尔干半岛北部取得决定性胜利,从此被称为屠杀保加利亚人的刽子手。
2. 译成谓语 把先行词或主句译成主语,把定语从句译成谓语或动宾结构:
In the East the Persians, who had been bribed into peace during Justinians reign, now set out under their ambitious king of kings, Chosroes II, to eliminate altogether the East Roman Empire.
在东部,查士丁尼统治时期,波斯人因曾与拜占廷媾和;现在,他们在野心勃勃的大皇帝科斯罗埃斯二世的率领下,开始全面消灭东罗马帝国。(谓语)
复杂定语从句的翻译技巧
一主二仆式定语从句是指一个先行词带有两个或两个以上定语从句的情况。该结构中的定语从句比较规范,均修饰一个先行词,在翻译时,虽然也遵循一般定语从句的翻译技巧和方法,但还有其独特的地方。归纳起来,有如下几种情况:
1)译成定语 可以把两个定语从句译成并列的定语,也可译成分开的定语修饰先地词,或分别修饰重复的先行词。
and the old ways of earning a living rivalled by new agricultural techniques, by commerce with hitherto unknown parts of the globe, and by new crafts with strane machines that saved labor and that ran without the traditional human or animal power
古老的谋生之道正受到新的农业技术、新的贸易、新的行业的挑战;这种新贸易是与世界上一向无人知晓的地区进行的贸易,而种种新行业则是使用一些无需传统的人力畜力驱动、可节省劳动力的奇特机遇。(并列的定语)
Almost everything which really matters and which the world possessed at the commencement of the modern age was already known to man at the dawn of history.
近代史开始时,世界拥有的每一项重大成就,已为历史发端期的人们所知晓。(分开的定语)
And it helps to explain why so many inventions that were of Chinese origin or that had been known to the Greco-Romans, were fully developed and exploited ony by the Western Europeans.
missohmygod
最常用的十大翻译技巧
英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方面均存在着很大的差异,因此在进行英汉互译时必然会遇到很多困难,需要有一定的翻译技巧作指导,才能做好翻译工作,那么具体有哪些技巧呢?
一、省译法
这是与增译法相对应的一种翻译方法,即删去不符合目标语思维习惯、语言习惯和表达方式的词,以避免译文累赘。增译法的例句反之即可。
又如:
1.You will be staying in this hotel during your visit in Beijing.
你在北京访问期间就住在这 家饭店里。(省译物主代词)
2.I hope you will enjoy your stay here.
希望您在这儿过得愉 快。(省译物主代词)
3.中国政府历来重视环境保护工作。
The Chinese government has always attached great importance to environmental protection. (省译名词)
二、转换法
指翻译过程中为了使译文符合目标语的表述方式、方法和习惯而对原句中的词类、句型和 语态等进行转换。具体的说,就是在词性方面,把名词转换为代词、形容词、动词;把动词转换成名词、形容词、副词、介词;把形容词转换成副词和短语。在句子 成分方面,把主语变成状语、定语、宾语、表语;把谓语变成主语、定语、表语;把定语变成状语、主语;把宾语变成主语。在句型方面,把并列句变成复合句,把 复合句变成并列句,把状语从句变成定语从句。在语态方面,可以把主动语态变为被动语态。
如:
1.我们学院受教委和 市政府的双重领导。
Our institute is co-administrated by the States Education Commission and the municipal government. (名词转动词)
2.Too much exposure to TV programs will do great harm to the eyesight of children.
孩子们看电视过多会大大地损坏视力。(名词转动词)
3.由于我们实行了改革开放政策,我国的综合国力有了明显的增强。
Thanks to the introduction of our reform and opening policy, our comprehensive national strength has greatly improved. (动词转名词)
4.I’m all for you opinion.
我完全赞成你的意见。(介词转动词)
5.The reform and opening policy is supported by the whole Chinese people.
改革开放政策受到了全中 国人民的拥护。(动词转名词)
6.In his article the author is critical of man’s negligence toward his environment.
作者在文章中,对人类疏忽 自身环境作了批评。(形容词转名词)
7.In some of the European countries, the people are given the biggest social benefits such as medical insurance.
在有些欧洲国家里,人民 享受最广泛的社会福利,如医疗保险等。(被动语态转主动语态)
8.时间不早了,我们回去吧!
We don’t have much time left. Let’s go back. (句型转换)
9.学生们都应该德、 智、体全面发展。
All the students should develop morally, intellectually and physically. (名词转副词)
三、增译法
指根据英汉 两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式,在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子,以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无 主句较多,而英语句子一般都要有主语,所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候,除了少数可用英语无主 句、被动语态或"There be…"结构来翻译以外,一般都要根据语境补出主语,使句子完整。英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。英语中代词使 用频率较高,凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时,必须在前面加上物主代词。因此,在汉译英时需要增补物主代词,而在英译汉时又需要根据情 况适当地删减。英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示,而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此,在汉译英时常常需 要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。另外,在汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语,以确保译文意思的完 整。总之,通过增译,一是保证译文语法结构的完整,二是保证译文意思的明确。
如:
1.What about calling him right away?
马上给他打个电话,你觉得如何? (增译主语和谓语)
2.If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations.
要是我能看到四个现代化实 现该有多好啊!(增译主句)
3. Indeed, the reverse is true
实际情况恰好相反。(增 译名词)
4.就是法西斯国家本国的人民也被剥夺了人权。
Even the people in the fascist countries were stripped of their human rights.(增译物主代词)
5.只许州官放火,不许 百姓点灯。
While the magistrates were free to burn down house, the common people were forbidden to light lamps. (增译连词)
6.这是我们两国人民的 又一个共同点。
This is yet another common point between the people of our two countries.(增译介词)
7.在人权领域,中国反对以大欺小、以强凌弱。
In the field of human rights, China opposes the practice of the big oppressing the small and the strong bullying the weak.(增译暗含词语)
8.三个臭皮匠,合成一 个诸葛亮。
Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the mastermind.(增译注释性词语)
四、拆句法和合并法
拆句法和合并法:这是两种相对应的翻译方法。拆句法是把一个长而复杂的句子拆译成若干个较 短、较简单的句子,通常用于英译汉;合并法是把若干个短句合并成一个长句,一般用于汉译英。汉语强调意合,结构较松散,因此简单句较多;英语强调形合,结 构较严密,因此长句较多。所以汉译英时要根据需要注意利用连词、分词、介词、不定式、定语从句、独立结构等把汉语短句连成长句;而英译汉时又常常要在原句 的关系代词、关系副词、主谓连接处、并列或转折连接处、后续成分与主体的.连接处,以及意群结束处将长句切断,译成汉语分句。这样就可以基本保留英语语序, 顺译全句,顺应现代汉语长短句相替、单复句相间的句法修辞原则。
如:
1.Increased cooperation with China is in the interests of the United States.
同中国加强合作,符合美国的利益。 (在主谓连接处拆译)
2.I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world.
我要感谢你们无与伦比的盛 情款待。中国人民正是以这种热情好客而闻明世界的。(在定语从句前拆译)
3.This is particularly true of the countries of the commonwealth, who see Britain’s membership of the Community a guarantee that the policies of the community will take their interests into account。
英联邦各国尤其如此,它们认为英国加入欧共体,将能保证欧共体的政策照顾到它们的利益。(在定 语从句前拆译)
4.中国是个大国,百分之八十的人口从事农业,但耕地只占土地面积的十分之一,其余为山脉、 森林、城镇和其他用地。 China is a large country with four-fifths of the population engaged in agriculture, but only one tenth of the land is farmland, the rest being mountains, forests and places for urban and other uses.(合译)
五、正译法和反译法
这两种方法通常用于汉译英,偶尔也用于英译汉。所谓正译,是指把句子按照 与汉语相同的语序或表达方式译成英语。所谓反译则是指把句子按照与汉语相反的语序或表达方式译成英语。正译与反译常常具有同义的效果,但反译往往更符合英 语的思维方式和表达习惯。因此比较地道。
如:
1.在美国,人人都能买到枪。
In the United States, everyone can buy a gun. (正译)
In the United States, guns are available to everyone. (反译)
2. 你可以从因特网上获得这一信息。
You can obtain this information on the Internet. (正译)
This information is accessible/available on the Internet. (反译)
(3) 他突然想到了一个新主意。
Suddenly he had a new idea. (正译)
He suddenly thought out a new idea. (正译)
A new idea suddenly occurred to/struck him. (反译)
(4) 他仍然没有弄懂我的意思。
He still could not understand me. (正译)
Still he failed to understand me. (反译)
(5) 无论如何,她算不上一位思维敏捷的学生。
She can hardly be rated as a bright student. (正译)
She is anything but a bright student. (反译)
(6) Please withhold the document for the time being.
请暂时扣下这份文件。(正 译)
请暂时不要发这份文件。(反译)
六、倒置法
在汉语中,定语修饰语和状语修饰语往往位于被修饰语之前;在英语中,许多修饰语常常位于被修饰语之后,因此翻译时往往要把原文的语序颠倒过来。倒 置法通常用于英译汉, 即对英语长句按照汉语的习惯表达法进行前后调换,按意群或进行全部倒置,原则是使汉语译句安排符合现代汉语论理叙事的一般逻辑顺序。有时倒置法也用于汉译 英。
如:
1.At this moment, through the wonder of telecommunications, more people are seeing and hearing what we say than on any other occasions in the whole history of the world.
此时此刻,通过现代通信手 段的奇迹,看到和听到我们讲话的人比整个世界历史上任何其他这样的场合都要多。(部分倒置)
2.I believe strongly that it is in the interest of my countrymen that Britain should remain an active and energetic member of the European Community.
我坚信,英国依然应该是 欧共体中的一个积极的和充满活力的成员,这是符合我国人民利益的。(部分倒置)
3.改革开放以来,中国发生了巨大的变化。
Great changes have taken place in China since the introduction of the reform and opening policy.(全部倒置)
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