美国概况英文

要全方位的美国咨询，而且还可以学英语，这还是一个新闻网，里面有英语新闻的MP3下载和原稿，试试看。真的不错！ United States in the North Central and North America also includes the territory of Alaska and the Pacific northwest of the Hawaiian Islands in Central. North and the Canadian border, south through the Gulf of Mexico, west Pacific, East Bin Atlantic. Coastline of 22,680 kilometers. Most areas of continental climate, the southern subtropical climate. Big temperature difference between north-central plains, Chicago January average temperature -3 ℃, 7月24 ℃; Gulf Coast in January the average temperature of 11 ℃, 7月28 ℃. Climate The United States has almost all the world's climate types, in the main agricultural zone in rare severe drought, flooding is not uncommon, and a moderate while the temperature to adequate rainfall. Climate impact on the United States is the main Arctic air, from the Pacific each year bring a large-scale low pressure, these low pressure through the Nevada mountains, the Rocky Mountains and the Cascade range, attach a great deal of moisture, when they arrived at the central pressure Great Plains, will be able to reorganize, leading to the main air masses meet and bring a fierce thunderstorm, especially in the spring and summer. These may sometimes heavy rain and low pressure to join the other, continue to the East Coast and the Atlantic Ocean, and will become more intense storms in the northeast (Nor'easter), in the United States in the Northeast Atlantic region and New England a wide-ranging and heavy snowfall. Great Plains incomparably vast grassland has also developed a number of the world's most extreme climate change phenomenon. The Columbia River basin region and the high principle is very little rainfall and drought areas, the most drought average rainfall of less than 15 inches (38 centimeters). The United States is arid desert southwest, the hottest summer when the temperature a few weeks more than 100 degrees Fahrenheit (38 degrees Celsius). Washbasin and the southwestern region from the Gulf of California will be the impact of the monsoon, occasionally heavy rain brought rare. California, most of the regions belong to the Mediterranean-type climate, sometimes in the annual October to April the following year triggered strong rainstorm, and the remaining months of virtually no rainfall. The brink of the Western North Pacific, while heavy rain continued throughout the year, but in the winter and spring rainfall in most. The western mountains absorb sufficient moisture, rainfall and snowfall is very heavy. Cascade range is the world's largest snowfall in one of the places, but the lower elevation snow limited coastal areas. River On the whole can be divided into three major river systems: Where in Rocky Mount, east of the river into the Atlantic Ocean are known as the Atlantic water system, a major Mississippi River, Connecticut River and in-hyuk River. A total length of 6,020 km of the Mississippi River, ranking third in the world. Where the river into the Pacific said the Pacific water system. Mainly the Colorado River, Columbia River, the Yukon River, and so on. North American Great Lakes in the eastern part of the group. Including Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, Lake Erie and Lake Ontario with a total area of 245,000 square kilometers, the world's largest freshwater waters, known as "North America, the Mediterranean," said Lake Michigan, which is the United States, The other four lakes for a total of the United States and Canada. Lake Superior, the world's largest fresh water lake, Lake area in the world live in the Caspian Sea after the second in the world. Biological The United States has more than 17,000 kinds of plants and native species, California alone has 5,000 kinds, from the tropics to the Arctic has distribution plant, the U.S. plant is the world's most diverse and at the same time, thousands of non-native alien species Sometimes affect the local flora and fauna. The United States has more than 400 kinds of mammals, 700 species of birds, 500 kinds of reptiles and amphibians and 90,000 kinds of insects have been found. Many plants and animals are confined to their regional divisions, while some endangered species of danger. Resources Abundant natural resources. Coal, oil, natural gas, iron ore and potash, phosphate, sulphur and other mineral reserves rank highest in the world. Other minerals are copper, lead, molybdenum, uranium, bauxite, gold, mercury, nickel, potash, silver, tungsten, zinc, aluminum, bismuth, and so on. Strategic mineral resources of titanium, manganese, cobalt, chromium and other mainly rely on imports. Proven coal reserves of 35,966 million tons. 270 billion barrels of proven crude oil reserves. Proved natural gas reserves of 56,034 billion cubic meters. Forest area of about 44 million mu, coverage up to 33 percent. Second, history Before the colonial period (before 1607) In more than 20,000 years ago, a group of Rangers from Asia, Central and South America through North America to these people is that the ancestors of the Indians. When Columbus discovered the New World, American Indians living in the Americas, about 20 million, of which about 100 million people now live in the north-central Canada and the United States and the rest of the vast majority now live in Mexico and the southern United States. About 1 million years ago, another group of Asians, moved to the northern part of North America, which is later Eskimos. The first white people to the Americas is probably the Vikings, they are a group of fishermen who like adventure, some people believe they are in 1000, visited the east coast of North America. The colonial period (1607-1753) 1607, about 100 people a colonial groups, begging in the establishment of the James Sha Bike beach town, which is built by the British in North America's first permanent colony, 150 years later, many have come to the Colonizers, settlers in the coastal areas, most of them from the UK, some of it from France, Germany, the Netherlands, Ireland and other countries. The mid-18th century, 13 British colony gradually formed, the highest in the United Kingdom are under the sovereignty of their own government and parliament. This 13 colonial district due to climate and geographical environment of the differences, resulting in the shape throughout the economy, political system and the concept of the difference. The independence movement (1754-1783) The mid-18th century, the British colony in the Americas and between the United Kingdom, has been a rift. Colonial expansion, so that they have a conscious, and consciously to the United Kingdom of persecution, and the initiation of an independent thought. 1774, the representatives from 12 states gathered in Philadelphia, held the so-called first meeting of the subcontinent, hoping to find out a reasonable way, with the British peaceful solution to the problem, but the British colonial King insists must be unconditional submission to the British monarch and Accept the punishment. 1775, Dianranzhanhuo in Massachusetts, in May, held the second meeting of the subcontinent, the war and an independent firm determination and made the famous declaration of independence, sufficient reasons to fight this battle, this is also the final winner of the elements . 1781, the U.S. won a decisive victory in 1783, the United States and Britain signed the Treaty of Paris, ending the War of Independence. To form a new government (1784-1819) The success of the revolution, so that the American people have to legislate to express their political ideas opportunities. 1787, the Federation meeting held in Philadelphia, will be in Washington pushed for the President, they have adopted the principle that the central authority of a general nature, but there must be prudent regulations and that, at the same time, they also accept the fact that That is, there must be a national government revenue, casting currency adjustment commerce, declare war and the conclusion of the treaty powers. In addition, in order to prevent the excessive power and the right to take all political Montesquieu's theory that the Government set up three equal cooperation with the checks and balances of the departments, the legislative, executive and judicial powers are to reconcile each other, without any checks and balances The right to a position of control. Westward expansion (1820-1849) The early 19th century, thousands of people across the Appalachian Mountains, moving westwards, some pioneers, moved to the U.S. border, even depth of Mexico's territory, and between Alaska and California and Oregon. Portland courage, diligence and westward to seek a better life. North-South conflict (1850-1869) The reasons for the cause of civil war, is not only economic, political, and military issues, including the ideological conflict. Civil war has exposed the weakness of the United States. The existence of this country, made a test. After this test, the United States before moving towards a centralization of the modern state of easy. Between North and South, slavery issue Qizheng Zhi, in the south of the main political principle, the protection and expansion "of cotton and the slave system" represent the interests of the northern states, mainly from the manufacturing, commercial and financial centre, These need not rely on the production of slaves, the economic and political conflicts are long-standing. In the early 1860, the 11 southern states from the Federation, another government, the North said that reunification will not hesitate to pay any price. 1861, civil war broke out, the Americans face-to-face bloody war, fought four years, the South has been seriously damaged, it left deep scars. 1865, North defeated, the victory not only shows that the U.S. resumption of reunification, but, from all parts of the country is no longer the purposes of slavery. Industrialization and Reform (1870-1929) The early 19th century, the United States began industrialization, and after the civil war, then entered a mature stage. From the First World War to the civil war in less than 50 hours, she from a rural Republic of the city into the country. Machines to replace hand, a substantial increase in product. The national railway network and enhance the flow of goods. Should the public need, many new inventions should be a city. Banking loans, contributed to the expansion of industrial and commercial operations. Therefore, from 1890 to 1917 in nearly 30 years as the so-called "progressive era", 1914, the outbreak of World War II, 1917, the United States finally being caught in the midst of World War II, and in the world and try to play a new role. World War II (1930-1959) Economic panic, affecting not only the United States, all countries in the world by the attacks, economic panic, so that millions of unemployed workers, a large number of farmers forced to give up land, factories closed down shops, banks collapse, a recession. In 1932, Roosevelt was elected president, he maintained that the Government should take action to end the economic panic, although the new government to resolve the many difficulties, but the U.S. economy or to the Second World War, only to awake. After the Second World War, the Soviet Union the two countries and relations deteriorate, respectively, in the military, political, economic and propaganda in terms of stepping up preparations, as in wartime, such a state, known as the "Cold War." The mid-1970s, a time of economic recovery, but not to the 1970s period, and inflation. 1976, the 200th anniversary of the founding of the United States, the country held various celebration activities. April 12, 1981, the United States successfully launched the "Columbia" space shuttle, another human into space and a new era. In 1985, President Reagan re-election, with each passing day in the history of human development, the United States will start a new page. Third, political Government President of the cabinet system. President is the Head of State, Heads of Government and armed forces commander-in-chief. President's executive order and the law have the same effect. President through indirect elections for a term of four years. Government ministers from the cabinet and the president appointed the other members. In fact only from the cabinet and presidential aides of the role of the consultants, there is no collective decision-making powers. January 20, 2001, George Walker Bush was sworn in as president on January 20, 2005 began a second term. Vice President Richard布鲁斯切尼(Richard Bruce Cheney), Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice (Condoleezza Rice). Constitution July 4, 1776 enacted a constitutional document "of Federal Regulations." May 1787 developed a draft constitution, in March 1789 the first Congress declared effective. It is the world's first one as an independent, unified country's written constitution. Two centuries, it has developed a 27 constitutional amendments. Important changes are: September 1791, adopted by Congress, including guarantees belief, expression, peaceful assembly and freedom of publication rights, the constitutional amendment before 10, after the name "bill of rights" (or "bill of rights"); 1865 And 1870 adopted on the abolition of slavery and the recognition of black civil rights of 13 and 15 amendments in 1951 through the provisions of the President can not exercise his powers as vice president he was promoted to president from the first 25 amendments. Are the main contents of the Constitution established the federal system, states have more autonomy, including the power to legislate; implementation of the political system of separation of powers, legislative, administrative, judicial departments utmost, and mutual constraints.