我是一只喵
高一英语语法是学习整个高中英语语法的开始，也关系到整个高中英语语法的基础好坏，那么高一英语语法有哪些内容呢?下面由我为大家整理的高一英语语法大全，希望对大家有所帮助!
高一英语语法大全
虚拟语气在各种从句的应用
主语从句的虚拟
1. It is + adj. + that sb. (should) do
常见的形容词有：necessary, important, strange, natural
It's important that he take my advice.
2. It is + n. + that sb. (should) do
常见的名词有：a pity, a shame, no wonder, one's wish
It's a pity that he be so silly.
3. It is + done + that sb. (should) do
常见的过去分词有：suggested, advised, demanded, requested, required, asked, ordered,
proposed, decided, desired, insisted等。
It's requested that she go home as soon as possible.
宾语从句的虚拟
1. 表命令，表建议，表要求的动词，后接宾语从句虚拟。虚拟的构成为(should) do。
I advise that he stay at home.
2. wish后接从句，虚拟的构成是往过去推一个时态。
I wish I had watched the football match last night.
注意以下几组词或短语用于虚拟语气中。
1. as if, as though
He speaks English as if he were a native speaker.
2. otherwise, but, even though
He was ill. Otherwise he would have been there.
3. with, without, but for
Without your help, I would have died two years ago.
But for your help, I would have died two years ago.
4. would rather I'd rather you told me yourself.
5. It's time that
It's time that you went to bed.
It's time that you should go to bed.
表语从句中的虚拟
在表语从句中，表示间接的命令，要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句中的主语通常是suggestion, proposal, request, orders, idea等。从句谓语形式是"(should)+动词原形"。如：
His suggestion is that we (should) leave at once.
名词从句部分
1. that不可省略的情况
2. that引导同位语从句和that引导定语从句的区别：同位语从句中的that是连词，不做成分，只连接主从句，不能省略;定语从句中的that要代替先行词在从句中做主语、宾语或者表语，并且做宾语时可以省略。从语义上看，同位语从句是对前面名词的解释、说明或内容;而定语从句时对前面名词的限定。
We should consider the students’request that the school library provide more books on
popular science. (that引导同位语从句)
The only hope that he expressed was that they would do what they could to help the people
in disaster areas. (that引导定语从句)
3. 要根据句子结构尤其是谓语动词判断从句的类型：
What is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games took place in Beijing.
本句含有一个主语从句和一个表语从句，主句的动词为is。
It is known to us all that the 2008 Olympic Games took place in Beijing.
本句含有一个主语从句，主句的动词为is known to。
As is known to us all, the 2008 Olympic Games took place in Beijing.
本句含有一个定语从句，主句的动词为took place，as引导非限制性定语从句。
4. 名词性从句的语序和语态。
名词性从句均应用陈述语序，不能用疑问语序，其时态应该和主句时态保持一致。
5. 名词性从句中连词的省略。
介词后的连词以及引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。that引导名词从句(除了引导第一个宾语从句可省略外)都不可省略，但是引导定语从句并在从句中做宾语时可以省略。
that不能省略的情况：
1)介词后面的that不能省略：
Peter is a good student except that he is sometimes careless.
2)当that引导的宾语从句位于句首时：
That he ever did such a thing I don’t believe.
3)主句谓语动词和that从句之间有插入语，that不省略：
She said that, if she failed, she would try again.
4)当宾语从句有其他从属连词时，that不省略：
He told me that if it was necessary they would work extra time.
6.名词性从句中it的使用：
为了保持句子平衡，多数情况下，it作形式主语或形式宾语，将真正的主语或宾语从句后置。
定语从句
关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, that, as,和关系副词when, where, why。
(1)that指物时一般可与which互换，但在下列情况下，要用that而不用which。
a. 先行词有all, everything等不定代词时，如，
Everything (that) he did is wrong.
b. 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时，如，
I'll read all the books (that) you lend me.
c. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，
This is the first letter (that) the boy has written.
d. 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时，如
He is the very man (that) I'm looking for.
e. 只用which的情况
在介词后或在非限定性定语从句中
This is the book about which we have talked a lot.
The book, which he gave me yesterday, is very interesting.
f. where和when作关系副词
This is the room where I worked.
This is the room which I stayed in.
I remembered the day when we lived there.
I remembered the day that I spent there.
g. as和which
as 可以放于句首，而which 不可以
As you know, he is good at English.
three of them 和three of which
I have a lot of books, three of which are in Russian.
I have a lot of books and three of them are in Russian.
(2. )“介词+关系代词”的情况：
在固定短语中介词不能提前;判断介词的口诀：瞻前顾后看意义
瞻前——看先行词;顾后——找从句动词;看意义——看全句表达含义
(3. )先行词在从句中充当地点状语时，关系词用where 或者介词加which;先行词在从句中充当时间状语时，关系词用when或者介词加which;先行词在从句中充当原因状语时，关系词用why或者for which。
(4. )注意as和which在非限制性定语从句中代表主句所表达的内容的区别：
位置不同：as从句放在主句前或后均可;而which从句只能放在主句后
作用不同：as从句动词常常是see \know等，因而相当于插入语;which从句则在陈述一件事实。
状语从句部分
1.while 是高考中的高频词，它既可引导时间状语从句，又可引导并列句，还可引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”。
2. no matter wh- 与wh-ever 的联系及区别：no matter wh- 只引导让步状语从句，此时与wh-ever通用。wh-ever又可引导名词性从句，No matter wh-不能。
No matter when / Whenever he comes back, he should be invited to the party.
3. 在条件，时间和让步从句中，用一般现在时表示一般将来时，用现在完成时表将来完成时，
用一般过去时表过去将来时。在since 引导的时间状语从句中，动词一般都用一般过去时，而主句常用现在完成时。
4. 状语从句的倒装一般有下面几种情况：①否定词开头;②so 加adj. 开头;③as /
though引导的让步状语从句。
5. 连词before小结：
We had sailed four days before we saw land. (……才)
We hadn’t run a mile before he felt tired. (不到……就)
Please write it down before you forget it. (趁……)
Before I could get in a word, he had measured me. (还没来得及)
It will be/was…before…要过多久才……
6. because, since, as 引导原因从句的区别：because表达直接原因，语气最强，回答why;
since通常放句首，译为“既然”;as引导不谈自明的原因，语气最弱;
7. as可以引导多种从句，要注意其中的区别。
8. till, until和not…until的区别;if和unless的区别。
非谓语动词部分
动词不定式几点注意。
1.下列动词或动词短语后接不定式：agree, seem, appear, offer, happen, wish, hope, pay,
expect, long, plan, intend, promise, pretend, decide, afford, manage, choose, be said to,
would like to等。
2. 不定式常用的句型：too…to do (太……而不能), …enough to do…(够……就能
……), so as to do/in order to do(为了……)，so…as to do/such…as to do(如
此……结果……)。
3. 不定式的三个结构：即否定结构、复合结构和疑问结构。
否定结构为“not (never) to do”;疑问结构是特殊疑问词“how (what, which, who, whether…) to do”;复合结构是“for/ of +名词(或代词宾格)+ to do ”。
4. let/ make/ have/ see/ hear/ notice/ observe/ listen to/ look at/ watch/feel
这些动词带不定式作宾补时，省掉to, 若这些动词以被动形式出现时，应加上to。
5. 当前面是the first, the second, the last, need, plan, time, chance, right,determination,
ability, opportunity(机会)，way时，一般用不定式作定语。
6. but/ except + to do/ do 结构，要根据谓语动词来确定其后面的形式。当谓语动词是do,
does, did时，but后用动词原形;谓语动词是其他动词时，but后用“to + 动词原形”的形式。
7. 形容词后一般用不定式(除busy, worth 两个外)。
You are sure to succeed. 你一定能成功。
He is busy preparing his lessons at present. 他现在正忙于预习功课。
8. 不定式作定语和表语时，有时需要在后面放上一个适当的介词。
This is a bench to sit on.(这是用来坐的凳子。)
This room is comfortable to live in. (这个房间住起来很舒适。)
9. 在“主语+系动词+adj.+不定式”这个句型中，当主语是不定式的逻辑宾语时，不定式不用被动，不能在动词后再放宾语。
The question is easy to answer. (question是answer的宾语，不能说：The question is easy to be answered. 也不能说：The question is easy to answer it .)
包含高中英语全部语法的13个句型
1. as 句型
(1) as引导方式状语从句句型：“按照……;正如……”
例：As(it is)in your country, we grow wheat in the north and rice in the south.
正如(像) 你们国家一样，我们北方种植小麦，南方种植水稻。
(2) as+形容词/副词原级+(a /an)+名词+as ; 否定式：not as/so --- as
例：He is as good a player as his sister.
他和他姐姐一样是位优秀的运动员。
(3) such + n. + as to do 如此……以致于……
例：She is such a fool as to believe what he said.
她是一个如此的一个笨蛋以致相信了他所说的话。
(4) so + adj./adv. + as to do sth 如此……以致于……
例：He was so strong as to carry the heavy box.
他是如此的强壮以致于能提起那重箱子。
(5) such...as... 象……之类的…… (接名词或定语从句)
例：He wished to be such a man as Lei Feng was.
他希望成为一个像雷锋这样的人。
(6) the same +名词+as 和……一样的…… (接名词或定语从句)
例：He is not the same man as he used to be.
他不是从前的那样子了。
(7) as 引导非限制性定语从句
例：As is known to us, knowledge is power.
众所周知，知识就是力量。
(8)引导时间状语从句，与while意义相近
例：We get wiser as we get older.
随着我们长大，我们也变得越来越聪明。
(9) 引导原因状语从句，与 because的用法相近
例：As it was getting very late, we soon turned back.
因为越来越迟了，所以我们不久就回来了。
(10) 引导让步状语从句
例：Child as he is, he knows much about science.
尽管他是一个小孩，但他对科学了解得很多。
2. prefer 句型
(1) prefer to do sth
例：I prefer to stay at home.
我宁愿呆在家里。
(2) prefer doing sth
例：I prefer playing in defence.
我喜欢打防守。
(3) prefer sb to do sth
例：Would you prefer me to stay?
你愿意我留下来吗?
(4) prefer to do sth rather than do sth… 宁愿…...而不愿...
例句：I prefer to stay at home rather than go out.
我宁愿呆在家里而不愿出去.
(5) prefer doing sth to doing sth
例：I prefer watching football to playing it.
我喜欢看篮球，不喜欢打篮球。
(6) prefer sth to sth
例：I prefer tea to coffee.
我要茶不要咖啡。
3. when 句型
(1) was/were doing sth...when...
例：He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in.
他正笑着的时候门突然开了，他妻子走了进来。
(2) was/were about to do sth ... when ...
例：We were about to start when it began to rain.
我们刚要出发，天就开始下雨了。
(3) had just done ... when ...
例：I had just gone to bed after a very hard day when the phone rang.
在劳累了一天之后我刚刚就寝，电话铃就响了。
4. seem 句型
(1) It +seems + that从句
例：It seemed that everyone was satisfied.
看来好像每个人都很满意。
(2) It seems to sb that ...
例：It seems to me that she is right.
我看她是对的，
(3) There seems to be ...
例：There seems to be a heavy rain.
看上去要有一场大雨。
(4) It seems as if ...
例：It seemed that she couldn't come to class.
看样子她不能来上课了。
5. 表示“相差……; 增加了……; 增加到……”的句型
(1) She is taller than I by three inches.
她比我高三英寸
(2) There is one year between us.
我们之间相差一岁。
(3) She is three years old than I.
她比我大三岁。
(4) They have increased the price by 50%.
他们把价格上涨了50%
(5) His salary has rised to 10,000 yuan per month.
他的工资已经涨到了每月10,000元。
6. what 引导的名词性从句
(1) what 引导主语从句
例：What surprised me is that everybody seemed to be very indifferent to her.
让我吃惊的是每个人似乎对她都很冷淡。
[ indifferent adj.不关心的;冷漠的]
(2) what 引导宾语从句
例：We can learn what we do not know.
我们能学会我们不懂的东西。
(3) what 引导表语从句
例：That is what I want.
那正是我所要的。
(4) what 引导同位语从句
例：I have no idea what they are talking about.
我不知道他们正在谈论什么。
7. too句型
(1) too ... to do ...
例：Politics is too important to be left to the politicians.(=Politics is so important that it can't be left to the politicians.)
政治太重要了，不能由政治家来决定。
(2) only too ... to do ...
例：I shall be only too pleased to get home.
我要回到家里就非常高兴。
(3) too + adj + for sth
例：These shoes are much too small for me.
我穿这双鞋太小了。
(4) too + adj + a + n.
例：This is too difficult a text for me.
这篇课文对我来说太难了。
(5) can't … too +形容词 无论……也不为过
例：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.
我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。
8. where 句型
(1) where 引导的定语从句
例：This is the house where he lived last year.
这就是他去年住过的房子。
(2) where 引导的状语从句
例：Where there is a will，there is a way.
有志者事竟成。
He left his key where he could find.
他将钥匙放在易找到的地方。
I will go where I want to go.
我要去我想去的地方。
(3) where 引导的表语从句
例：This is where you are wrong.
这正是你错的地方。
9. wish 句型
(1) wish that sb did sth 希望某人现在做某事
例：I wish I were as strong as you.
我希望和你一样强壮。
(2) wish that sb had done sth 希望某人过去做某事
例： I wish you had told me earlier
要是你早点告诉我就好了。
(3) wish that sb would/could do sth 希望某人将来做某事
例：I wish you would succeed this time.
我希望你这次会成功。
10. would rather 句型
(1) would rather do sth than do sth 宁愿做……而不愿做……
例：She would rather die than turn against his motherland.
她宁可死也不去背叛祖国。
(2) would rather have done sth 宁愿过去做过某事
例：I would rather have taken his advice.
我宁愿过去接受他的意见。
(3) would rather sb had done sth 宁愿某人过去做过某事
例：I would rather I had passed the examination last week.
我真希望通过上星期的考试。
(4) would rather sb did sth 宁愿某人现在或将来做某事
例： Who would you rather went with you?
你宁愿谁和你一起去?
11. before 句型
(1) before sb can/ could … 某人还没来得及……
例：Before I could get in a word ，he had measured me.
我还没来得及插话，他就给我量好了尺寸。
(2) It will be +时间+ before + 还有多长时间……
例：It will be 4 years before he graduates.
他还有四年时间变毕业了。
(3) had done some time before (才……)
例：We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.
我们航行了四天四夜才见到陆地。
(4) had not done ... before ... 不到……就……
例：We hadn’t run a mile before he felt tired.
我们还没走到一英里路就觉得累了。
(5) It was not +一段时间+ before 不多久就……
例：It wasn’t two years before he left the country.
还没到两年他们离开了那国家。
12. 强调句型
(1) It is /was +被强调部分+that(who)...
例：It was I who wrote to my uncle yesterday.
是我昨天给我叔叔写信的。
(2) Is/was it + 被强调部分 + that (who) ...
例：Was it your brother that you met in the street?
在街上你遇见的是你兄弟吗?
(3) Where/who/what/how等特殊疑问词 + is/was it that ...
例：How is it that you will go to visit her tomorrow?
明天你究竟怎样去看望她?
(4) do/does/did +谓语动词 (强调谓语)
例：They do know the place well.
他们的确很熟悉那个地方。
13. 用于表示过去未实现的希望和计划的句型
(1)would like to/ would love to have done sth.
例：I would like to have written to you.
我本想给你写信的。
(2) was / were going to do sth.(用过去将来时态表示原打算做什么)
例：Lucy was going to watch a basketball match.
Lucy 原打算看一场篮球比赛。
呼伦小贝尔
先行词在定语从句中充当主语，宾语，时间，地点，原因状语。结构：先行词+关系词+定语从句。1. There she saw a wall of water that was quickly advancing towards her.2. In Japan, someone who sees another person making the gesture will think it means money.3. A theme park is a collection of rides, exhibitions or other attractions that are based on a common theme.4. The park has a conservation center that helps protect marine animals and their habitats in the rivers and coastal waters of Asia.5. Visitors can go on exciting rides where they can feel what it is like to do the things they have seen their heroes do in the movie.6. Oprah Winfrey is a black woman whose rise to fame is an inspiring story.(二)定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句：限定性定语从句：从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明，缺少它，则句义显得不完整，从句与先行词紧密相连。非限定性定语从句：对先行词进行补充说明，解释，它与先行词之间有逗号隔开。1. Before she could move, she heard a loud noise, which grew to a terrible roar.2. Tree after tree went down, cut down by the water, which must have been three meters deep.3. Flora, whose beautiful hair and dress were all cold and wet, started crying.4. Their talk includes rhythm and rhyming words as well as tongue twisters, which often make the audience applaud.(三)关系词前面可以根据定语从句的内容加上一些介词，这些关系词在介词后面常用which 或whom.1. There was a man with whom I would have to work together and finally the manager of the company.2. Many people who saw the film were afraid to swim in the sea when they remembered the scenes in which people were eaten by the shark.知识重点与难点(一)当先行词有最高级，序数词修饰，是不定代词，或是all, no, only等形式时，关系代词一般用that，而不能用which。1. The Titanic was the largest ship that had ever been built at that time.2. There is one thing that keeps worrying me.(二)当先行词是表示时间，地点，原因的词时，关系词用when, where, why 还有which, that1. I’m very glad to return to my hometown where I had lived for 10 years.2. This is my hometown which I used to talk about to you.3. I think I can understand the reason why he didn’t tell the truth to me.4. No one believes the reason that he gave us about his absence at the meeting.(三)定语从句的简化表达：1. The man who is sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University.2. The letter that was mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.3. The question that is being discussed is very important.4. You are welcome to a party to be given in our class at 7:45.说明：以上的定语从句部分可以用更加简单的非谓语形式表达出来：1. The man sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University.2. The letter mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.3. The question being discussed is very important.4. You are welcome to a party to be given in our class at 7:45.说明：修饰一个名词除了后面用定语从句以外，还可以用非谓语动词形式：doing短语，done短语，being done短语，to be done短语修饰。其结构和意思如下：1. 被修饰名词+doing短语： 正在做….的人/正在发生的事。2. 被修饰名词+ done短语： 被…..的人/事3. 被修饰名词+being done短语：正在被…..的人/事4. 被修饰名词+ to be done短语：将要被…..的人/事(1)Do you know the man talking to my sister ?(2)The “crazy” gesture, moving the index finger in a circle in front of the ear, means “you have a phone call” in Brazil.(3)Did you see that car being repaired ?(4)In a camera, the lens must be focused on the object to be photographed.(5)The students to attend the meeting will arrive here tomorrow.(6)Goods imported from abroad are not always better than those made in China.(7)The Yellow River, said to be “the mother river” runs across China like a huge dragon.总结：以上做定语的那些短语就是英语语法中所说的分词，不定式的各种形式作定语。1. 这些短语作定语应放在被修饰名词的后面。如果单独一个V-ing或V-ed形式作定语，则可以放在被修饰名词前面。2. 分词作定语时，其动作应与全句动作同时发生。V-ing表示主动意义和正在做，V-ed表示被动意义。being done表示正在被做的3. 不定式作定语表示将要发生的，to be done表示将要被做的【典型例题】[例1] Friendship is needed by all, _____ plays an important role in people’s lives.A. whichB. thatC. whoD. it分析：_____ plays an important role in people’s lives为非限定性定语从句修饰先行词Friendship用which连接定语从句。答案：A[例2] Uncle Li _____ I worked three years ago has retired now.A. whoB. whom C. with whomD. to whom分析：_____ I worked three years ago作为定语从句修饰先行词Uncle Li，从句完整的表达是：I worked with Uncle Li three years ago. 所以关系词前应加上介词with。答案：C[例3] Is this the reason _____ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work ?A. he explained B. what he explained C. how he explainedD. why he explained分析：定语从句_____ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work修饰先行词the reason指“他在会上就他工作中的粗心解释的原因。先行词在从句中做宾语。答案：A[例4] Teachers, _____ work is rather hard, are being better paid than before.A. who B. that C. whichD. whose分析：非限定性定语从句_____ work is rather hard修饰先行词teachers, 它与从句中的work是从属关系，关系词用whose答案：D[例5 ] The Olympic Games , _____ in 776 BC, didn’t included women players until 1912.A. first playingB. to be first playedC. first playedD. to be first playing分析：公元前776年被首次举行的奥运会，直到1912年才容纳女运动员。_____in 776 BC做定语修饰The Olympic Games，指过去的内容，表示被动。用done做定语。答案：C[例6] The houses _____ for the teachers and the construction work will start soon.A. built B. to be built C. to buildD. being built分析：根据句意房子即将开工。_____ for the teachers and the construction work修饰The houses应为The houses The houses将要为教师和施工修建的房子。答案：B[例7] How many of us_____, a meeting that is not important to us would be interested in the discussion?A. attendedB. attendingC. to attendD. have attended分析：根据句意：比如说，我们当中参加一个对我们毫不重要的会议的人会有多少人对这个讨论感兴趣呢?_____, say, a meeting that is not important to us修饰How many of us做定语。与全句动作同步.答案：B[例8] She has three children, _____ is working in Australia.A. whoB. one of whom C. one of them D. none of them分析：非限定性定语从句__ is working in Australia修饰先行词three children，根据从句中的is判断，是说：三个孩子中的一个在澳大利亚工作。答案：B【模拟试题】1. Susan is the very girl _____ the good deed.A. whom I think didB. whom I think she didC. who I think didD. I think who did2. Luckily, the poor boy had enough money _____ he could buy a train ticket.A. by whichB. on whichC. with whichD. for which3. The book _____ he devoted much time is to come out next month.A. whereB. whichC. to whichD. on which4. The day came finally _____ I was given an opportunity to act in the play.A. whenB. in that C. whichD. in which5. 1. Don’t you think the question _____ tomorrow is of great importance.A. being discussedB. discussedC. to be discussedD. to discuss6. The food _____ at the moment is for the dinner party.A. cookedB. to be cooked C. is being cookedD. being cooked7. Do you know the teacher _____ under the big tree ?A. readB. readsC. readingD. being read【试题答案】1. C Susan 正是我认为作了好事的那位女孩。先行词the very girl在从句中做think的宾语，同时又是后面宾语从句did the good deed.的主语，所以关系词不能用whom2. C 定语从句_____ he could buy a train ticket.修饰先行词money：用这笔钱买火车票。关系词前面需要加介词：with3. C定语从句_____ he devoted much time意思是：他把大量的时间都投入在这本书上了。devote….to sth.关系词前加介词：to4. A 定语从句_____ I was given an opportunity to act in the play修饰先行词the day ：先行词the day在从句中做时间状语：在这一天我得到了扮演一个角色的机会。5. C 短语_____ tomorrow做定语修饰the question，根据表达的内容：明天即将被讨论的问题。应当用不定式的被动结构做定语。6. D 短语_____ at the moment做the food的定语,表示：正在做的食物。Being done 做定语表示：正在被……的……。7. C 现在分词短语reading under the big tree做定语修饰the teacher 表示：正在大树下看书的那位老师。情态动词1. 情态动词的推测表达2. 情态动词表达虚拟语气3. 某些情态动词的特殊用法知识重点与难点总结知识重点：情态动词在表达推测意义的句子中的运用：(一)用情态动词表达事实的推测。can，could，might，may，must可以用来表达对事实的推测。根据说话人对事实的把握性大小，must表示“肯定…”，may / might / can / could表示“可能……”， must只用于肯定句中，may / might的否定式may not / might not表示 “可能不……”, 而can / could可以用于疑问句，表示“可能，可能……吗?”，其否定式can’t / couldn’t 表示“不可能”。用情态动词可以对现在或过去的事实进行推测。对不同的时间内容推测有不同的结构。(二)对现在的事实进行推测：主要结构：…must / may / might +动词原形be+名词/形容词/介词短语be + doing例句：1. You must be Jeanne. I’m Mathilde Loisel. We used to know each other very well.2. They must be in bed already at this time of the night.3. The teacher must be joking.4. Freda isn’t in class. She must be sick.5. There must be something wrong.6. She might be very clever, but she hasn’t got much common sense.7. He may be arriving this evening.8. He may be traveling around the world.9. The keys can’t be in the room. I have just searched it very carefully.10. Can the news be true ?(三)对过去的事实进行推测：结构：情态动词+have done / been+名词/形容词/介词短语例句：1. Mrs. Longmans must have been a pretty girl in her youth.2. He couldn’t have seen Anna yesterday. She’s gone abroad.3. I think I must have left my glasses in the library.4. He might have overslept again.5. Where can Tom have gone ?情态动词表达虚拟语气：表达“本来…”，“不然早就…”。这是情态动词的一种虚拟语气用法。表示说话人所讲的与所发生的事实相反。表达了说话人的埋怨，后悔的语气。其结构是在一些情态动词后面加 have done 结构。根据要表达的意思，有如下结构：should have done / ought to have done：本应该……shouldn’t have done / oughtn’t to have done：本不该……could have done：本来可以……needn’t have done：本来没必要……would like to have done：本来很想……would rather not have done: 本来不愿意……could / might / have done: 不然早就……例句：1. You shouldn’t have laughed at his mistakes.2. You could have told us earlier.3. I ought to have bought that dictionary last week.4. You ought not to have spent so much time in reading novels.5. We need not have been in a tearing hurry to catch the train.6. They would like to have seen that film last film.7. If he had given me his number, I could have telephoned him.8. They might have been frozen to death but for the rescue in time.知识难点：某些情态动词的特殊用法：need 和dare 的两种形式的用法need 和dare可以用做实义动词，后面接不定式(to do)结构，在疑问句和否定句中，加助动词do/does/did/或don’t/doesn’t/didn’t。作为情态动词使用时，主要用于疑问句和否定句中。情态动词needn’t(没有必要，不必)相当于don’t have to例句：1. It is cold, you need to wear some warm clothes.2. Need I stay here with you for a while ? Thank you, you needn’t.3. How dare you speak to parents like that ?注意：句型I dare say+从句。 意思是：我肯定…… = I’m sure或There is no doubt that+从句。例句：I dare say that my uncle will get the money if I die.will和would表示“意志”或“愿意”，would 则指过去愿意做……例句：1. He said that he would help us.2. You may telephone if you will accept this job.would可以表达“过去习惯做……”类似于“used to do”例句：1. When we were children, we would go swimming every summer in that river.表示请求，固定的句型：Will/Would you please do…? / Would you like to do…?例句：Will/Would you please give him a message when you see him ?shall1. 用于第一，三人称，表示“请求”;“建议” 或“推荐”例句：1. Shall we start the meeting now?2. Shall I watch TV now ?3. Shall my son carry the case for you ?2. 用于第二人称，表示“命令，“要求”，“许诺”例句：1. You shall take whatever you like.2. You shall not go to the party with me if you make so much noise again.在表示推测的否定句或疑问句中，常用can /can’t /could / couldn’t表示，意思是：“可能…吗?”;“…不可能…”。而不能使用mustn’t或must等词。【典型例题】1. —Do you think he will do me a favor ?—As far as I know, he is the last one to help others. He _____ be prepared to give you a hand, though.A. mightB. must C. canD. should分析：本题考查情态动词推测性用法。 根据he is the last one to help others.(他是最不可能帮助别人的人)，既然如此，那么“帮助你”的可能性也就最小了。答案为A2. —Look, someone is coming. Guess who it ____ be ?—I think it ___ be Tom.—I don’t think it ___ be ____ .A. can ; must ; can ; heB. may ; can ; must ; himC. must ; can ; must ; hisD. might ; must ; can ; himself分析：根据备选答案。 can表示推测时用于疑问句或否定句中。本题首句就应该是Guess who can it be? 第二句应该是I think it must be Tom.(说话人十分肯定)。第三句表达了说话人对前一个人的否定。即：I don’t think it can be him/he.(不可能是他)。答案为A3. —Do you know Ms. Wang likes walking after supper ?—Sure. She ____ around the campus now.A. must be walkingB. must walkC. may walkD. may be walking分析：关键词Sure告诉我们说话人的口气十分肯定。根据句子语境：她此刻肯定正在校园散步呢。must be doing表示肯定正在做。答案为A4. —I stayed at a hotel in New York.—Oh, did you ? You _____ with Barbara.A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would sayD. must have stayed分析：首句说：我在纽约住在一家宾馆里。在此a hotel是泛指。所以D选项不合题意。
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