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人们很难接受与已有知识和 经验 相左的信息或观念,因为一个人已有的知识和观念都是经过反复筛选的。接下来我给大家分享关于 八年级 英语上册语法知识,希望对大家有所帮助!
八年级英语上册语法知识1
1. 形容词/副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则
(1)单音节词和少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节单词,比较级在后面加-er,最高级在后面加-est。
① 单音节单词
small→smaller→smallest
short→shorter→shortest
tall→taller→tallest
great→greater→greatest
② 少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节单词
clever→cleverer→cleverest
narrow→narrower→narrowest
(2)以不发音e结尾的单音节单词,比较级在原形后加-r,最高级在原级后加-st。
large→larger→largest
nice→nicer→nicest
able→abler→ablest
(3)以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节(即:辅音+元音+辅音)单词中,先双写末尾的辅音字母,比较级加-er,最高级加-est。
big→bigger→biggest
hot→hotter→hottest
fat→fatter→fattest
(4)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词, 把y改为i,比较级加-er,最高级加-est。
easy→easier→easiest
heavy→heavier→heaviest
busy→busier→busiest
happy→happier→happiest
(5)其他双音节词和多音节词,比较级在前面加more,最高级在前面加most。
beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful
different→more different→most different
easily→more easily→most easily
(6)有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的,必须熟记。
good→better→best
well→better→best
bad→worse→worst
ill→worse→worst
old→older/elder→oldest/eldest
many/much→more→most
little→less→least
far →further/farther→ furthest/farthest
2. 形容词和副词比较级的用法
(1)“甲+be+(倍数)+形容词比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙…”或“甲比乙…几倍”。
Tom is taller than Kate.
汤姆比凯特高。
This room is three times bigger than that one.
这个房间比那个大三倍。
(2)“甲+实意动词+(倍数)+副词比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙…”或“甲比乙…几倍”。
I got up earlier than my mother this morning.
我今天早晨起床比我妈妈还早。
He runs three times faster than his brother.
他跑的速度比他弟弟快三倍。
3. 形容词和副词最高级的用法
(1)“主语+be+the+形容词最高级(+单数名词)+in/of...”表示“……是……中最……的”。
Tom is the tallest in his class./of all the students.
汤姆是他们班上/所有学生当中最高的。
This apple is the biggest of the five.
这个苹果是五个当中最大的。
(2)“主语+实意动词+(the)+副词最高级+in/of...”表示“……是……中最……的”。
I jump (the) farthest in my class.
我是我们班跳得最远的。
八年级英语上册语法知识2
1.主语: 句子 所陈述的对象。
2.谓语:主语发出的动作。一般是有动作意义的动词。
3. 宾语:分为动词宾语和介词宾语,属于动作的承受者。
4. 系动词:表示状态或状态变化的动词,没有实际的动作意义。如 be, 感官系动词(look, sound, smell, taste 和 feel)、保持类系动词(keep, stay 和 remain)、状态变化类系动词(become、get、turn 和 go)等。
5. 表语:紧跟系动词后面的成分。
6. 定语:修饰名词或代词的成分。
7. 状语: 修饰形容词、副词、动词或句子的成分。
8. 补语:分为宾语补足语和主语补足语。是对宾语和主语的补充说明,与其有主动或被动的逻辑关系。
例如:You should keep the room clean and tidy.
你应该让屋子保持干净整洁。
(You是主语, should keep是谓语,the room是宾语,clean and tidy是宾语补足语。)
This kind of food tastes delicious.
这种食物吃起来很可口。
(This kind of food是主语, tastes是系动词, delicious是表语。)
注意:主语、谓语、宾语、系动词、表语、补语是一个句子的主干成分;定语和状语是一个句子的修饰性成分,不是主干成分。
八年级英语上册语法知识3
1.“主语 + 谓语”(即“主谓”句型)
例:They arrived in Harbin yesterday morning.
分析:“they”(主语)“arrived”(谓语)。
2.“主语 + 谓语 + 宾语”(即“主谓宾”句型)
例:I study English.
分析:“I”(主语)“study”(谓语动作)“English”(宾语即动作涉及的对象)。
3.“主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语”(即“主谓双宾”句型)
例:Our teacher taught us English.
分析:“our teacher”(主语)“教”(谓语动作)“us”(间接宾语)“English”(直接宾语)。
4.“主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”(即“主谓宾宾补”句型)
例: He asked her to go there.
分析:“he”(主语)“asked”(谓语动作)“her”(宾语即动作涉及的对象)“to go there”(补语—补充说明宾语做什么)。
5.“主语 + 系动词+ 表语”(即“主系表”句型)
常用的系动词有be, keep,lie, remain, stand, become, fall, get, go, grow, turn, look, feel, seem, smell, sound, taste, 等。
例: I am a teacher. 我是一名老师
分析:“I”(主语)“am”(系动词)“a teacher”(表语—即表明主语的身份)。
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艾米Amysweety
英语课本各个地区所学习的版本不一样,那么人教版八年级上册学习了哪些知识点呢?接下来我为你整理了8年级上册英语知识点人教版,一起来看看吧。
1.Where did you go on vacation?
你去哪儿度假的?
2. Long time no see.
好久不见。
3. Did you go anywhere interesting?
你去有趣的地方了吗?
4. I just stayed at home most of the time to read and relax.
大多数时间我只呆在家里看书和放松。
5. Everything was excellent.
一切都很棒。
6. I bought something for my father.
我给我爸爸买了些东西。
7. How did you like it?
你觉得它怎么样?
8. I arrived at Penang in Malaysia this morning with my family.
今天早晨我和家人到达马来西亚槟城。
9. For lunch, we had something very special.
午饭我们吃了很特别的东西。
10.but many of the old buildings are still there.
但是许多旧的建筑物还在那里。
11. My father and I decided to go to Penang Hill today.
今天我和爸爸决定去槟城山。
12. And because of the bad weather , we couldn’t see anything below.
并且因为糟糕的天气,我们看不见下面的任何东西。
语法:复合不定代词或副的构成及用法
构成:由some, any, no, every分别加上-body, -thing, -one构成的不定代词叫做合成不定代词;加上-where构成副词。
用法:
(1)合成不定代词在句中可以作主语,宾语或表语等。
Nobody will listen to him. He wants something to eat.
(2)不定代词作主语时,谓语动词要用单数。
There is nothing wrong with the TV.
Everybody likes reading.
(3)some-不定代词,通常用于肯定句中; any-不定代词则多用于否定句、疑问句中。
但some-可用于表请求、邀请、预料对方会作肯定回答时的疑问句中。
Someone is calling me.
There isn’tanyone else there.
Is anybody over there?
Could you give me something to eat?
(4)形容词修饰不定代词时,通常要放在不定代词之后。
There is something delicious on the table.
(5)somewhere, anywhere, nowhere, everywhere用作副词。
Flowers come out everywhere.
注:①形容词修饰不定代词要后置:anything special
②不定代词做主语时谓语用单数.
(一) 重点句型
1.-----What do you usually do on weekends?
-----I often go to the movies.
(1) on weekends/on the weekend在周末
(2) go to the movies 去看电影
(3) 第一个do 助动词 第二个do 实意动词
2. hardly ever 几乎从不 hardly ever 相当于hardly, ever起强调作用。
hardly 为副词,意为“几乎不没有)”,相当于almost not,本身具有否定含义,不能再使用其他否定词。
E.g. She hardly eats anything.
辨析: hardly 和hard
hard作形容词,意为“困难的,艰苦的,硬的”;
hard作副词,意为“努力地,猛烈地”。
hardly意为“几乎不”
(1) The ground is too dig
(2) I can understand them.
(3) It's raining ,the people can go outside.
3. ----How often do you watch TV?
----Twice a week.
(1) how often 意为“多久一次,多长时间一次”,用来提问频率。
(2) twice a week 一周两次
拓展: 一次once 两次twice 三次或三次以上基数词+ times
three times four times
4. What's your favorite program? = What program do you like best?
你最喜欢的节目是什么?
5. How come?怎么回事?怎么会?
表示某件事情很奇怪,有点想不通;可单独使用,也可引导一个问句。相当于疑问词why。但how come 开头的特殊疑问句使用的仍是陈述语序。
How come you didn't tell me about it? = Why you didn't tell me about it?
6. I go to the movies maybe once a month. 我也许一个月去看一次电影。
maybe 副词,意为“或许,大概,可能”,常位于句首。
E.g. Maybe he knows the way to the park.
辨析:maybe 与may be
maybe副词,作状语,意为“或许,大概,可能”,常位于句首。
may be 属于“情态动词+be 动词”结构,意为“可能是”。
(1) The baby is crying she is hungry.
(2) The woman a teacher .
7. Last month we asked our students about their free time activities.
ask ab. about sth. 询问某人某事
8. We all know that many students often go online, but we were surprised that ninety percent of them use the Internet every day. The other ten percent use it at least three or four times a week.
我们都知道许多学生经常上网,但是让我们感到惊讶的是90%的学生每天都上网,而另外10%的学生一周至少上网达三至四次。
(1) other: adj. 其他的+名词
the other: adj. 其他的+名词(在特定的范围内)
one„the other„一个„„另一个
E.g. One of them is blue,the other ones are purple.
它们的其中一个是蓝色的,其他的是紫色的。
others: 其他的东西 the others: 其他的东西(在特定的范围内)
E.g. One of the children likes reading,the others like singing. 后句可替换为the other students like singing.
(2) at least 至少 at most 最多,至多
E.g. I have ten yuan in my pocket at most.
9. Most students use it for fun and not for homework.
大多数学生上网是为了娱乐而不是为了写家庭作业。
10. The answers to our questions about watching television were also interesting.
关于看电视的调查结果也十分的有趣。
the answers to our questions 问题的答案
dance to the music 和着音乐的节奏跳舞
key to the lock 这把锁的钥匙
11. Although many students like to watch sports, game shows are the most popular.
尽管许多学生喜欢看体育节目,但是娱乐节目是最流行的。
12. It is good to relax by using the Internet of watching game shows, but we think the best way to relax is through exercise.
通过使用因特网看娱乐节目来放松很不错,但是我们认为最好的放松方式是通过锻炼来放松。
(1) It’s +adj.+to do sth 做某事„„的
E.g. It’s very easy to learn English well.
(2) by doing sth. 通过做某事
(3) the best way to do sth. is做某事的最好方式
13. It is healthy for the mind and the body. 这有益于身心健康。
stay healthy = keep healthy = keep in good health 保持健康
14. Old habits die hard. 旧习难改。
(二)语法知识: 频度副词
1. 频度副词的含义
(1) 表示次数、频率的副词称为频度副词。常用的频度副词按高低依次为
always > usually > sometimes > seldom > hadly ever > never
100% 80% 60% 30% 10% 0%
(2) 表示具体的频率、次数时,一次用once,两次用twice,三次或三次以上用“基数词+times”表示: three times, four times, six times
2. 频度副词在句中的位置
(1 )频度副词一般在实意动词之前,be 动词、助动词或情态动词之后
E.g. We never eat junk food.
Lucy is sometimes very busy.
I can hardly say a word.
(2)有些频度副词也可位于句首,但表示不同含义
sometimes 常位于句首,和位于句中区别不大。
E.g. Sometimes Jack plays computer games.
often 用于句首时,通常表示强调,且其前一般有quite,very 修饰
E.g.Very often he goes online.
Usually 也可位于句首,其前不用修饰语。
E.g. Usually my father goes up early.
Always 一般不用于句首,但可以用在祈使句中。
E.g. Always remember this.
3. 对频度副词提问时,用how often
E.g. ---How often do you go to the movies?
---Once a month
(一) 重点句型
1. Both Sam and Tom can play the drums, but Sam plays them better than Tom.
萨姆和汤姆都会打鼓,但是萨姆比汤姆打得要好一些。
both (1) 表示“两者都”,both用在含有be动词的句中,应放在be动词的后面;用在含有行为动词的句中,应放在行为动词的前面,
(2) both„and„表示“两者都”,both...and在句中连接并列成分,如主语、谓语、表语、宾语等,位置比较灵活。
E.g. Both New York and London have traffic problems. (连接主语)
The secretary both speaks and writes Spanish.(连接谓语)
拓展:all表示“三者或三者以上全都”的意思,every指三个以上的人或物(含三个),each指两个以上的人或物(含两个)。
2.Tara works as hard as Tina.
塔拉学习和蒂娜一样努力。
as...as意为“与„„一样„„”,as...as中间接形容词或副词的原级。
其否定结构not as/so...as意为“不如„„”。
E.g. He is as tall as his father. 他和他爸爸一样高。
Tom gets up as early as Jim. 汤姆起得和吉姆一样早。
Lucy isn’t as outgoing as Mary. 露西不如玛丽外向。
注意:
(1) 其否定式为not as/so +adj./adv. +as。
E.g. This dictionary is not as/so useful as you think.
(2) 若有修饰成分,如twice, three times, half, a quarter等,则须置于第一个as之前。
E.g. Your bag is twice as expensive as mine.
你的包比我的贵一倍。
3. You can tell that Lisa really wanted to win, though.
不过,你能看得出来,丽萨确实想赢。
win此处用作不及物动词,意为“赢;获胜”;win还可用作及物动词,意为“赢得;在„„中获胜”,此时其后的宾语为比赛的项目、奖品或战争等。
E.g. He won the first prize.
Who won the race?
辨析:win与beat
①win表示“赢得;获胜”,用作及物动词时,其宾语为比赛的项目、奖品或战争等。
E.g. We won the basketball game.
②beat表示“打赢;战胜”,用于比赛时,其宾语为所战胜的对手。
E.g. Li Lei beat all the runners in the 100-metre race.
(2) though此处作副词,意为“不过;可是;然而”,通常用于句末,前面用逗号与句子隔开。