英语的十一种时态

1. 一般现在时 He cleans the blackboard. The blackboard is cleaned by him.2．一般过去时 He cleaned the blackboard. The blackboard was cleaned by him.3．一般将来时 He will clean the blackboard. The blackboard will be cleaned by him.4．现在进行时 He is cleaning the blackboard. The blackboard is being cleaned by him.5．过去进行时 He was cleaning the blackboard. The blackboard was being cleaned by him.6．将来进行时 He will be cleaning the blackboard. The blackboard will be being cleaned by him.7．现在完成时 He has cleaned the blackboard. The blackboard has been cleaned by him.8．过去完成时 He had cleaned the blackboard. The blackboard had been cleaned by him.9．将来完成时 He will have cleaned the blackboard. The blackboard will have been cleaned by him.10．现在完成进行时 He has been cleaning the blackboard. The blackboard has cleaned by him.(完成进行时没有被动语态，该意思用相应的完成时语态或进行时语态表示。可参看薄冰语法）（The blackboard is being cleaned by him.)11．过去完成进行时 He had been cleaning the blackboard. The blackboard had cleaned by him.（The blackboard was being cleaned by him.）12．将来完成进行时He will have been cleaning the blackboard. The blackboard will have been cleaned by him.（The blackboard will be being cleaned by him.）

1. 一般现在时 He cleans the blackboard.2．一般过去时 He cleaned the blackboard. 3．一般将来时 He will clean the blackboard.4．现在进行时 He is cleaning the blackboard. 5．过去进行时 He was cleaning the blackboard. 6．将来进行时 He will be cleaning the blackboard. 7．现在完成时 He has cleaned the blackboard. 8．过去完成时 表示过去两个动作的一前一后，所以一个动作不能形成过去完成时9．将来完成时 He will have cleaned the blackboard. 10．现在完成进行时 He has been cleaning the blackboard.11．过去完成进行时 表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直延续到过去某一时刻。需要两个动作，所以一个动作不能形成过去完成进行时。12．将来完成进行时 He will have been cleaning the blackboard.信我的吧！过去完成时和过去完成进行时一个动作不能形成。

一共有十六种时态：一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，一般过去将来时；现在进行时，过去进行时，将来进行时，过去将来进行时；现在完成时，过去完成时，将来完成时，过去将来完成时；现在完成进行时，过去完成进行时，将来完成进行时，过去将来完成进行时。常见的时态有：

一、 现在时：

1、一般现在时：经常、反复发生的动作或行为某种状况。

时间状语：always，usually，often，sometimes，every week (day，year，month…)，once a week，on Sundays

基本结构：动词 原形 （如主语为第三人称单数，动词上要改为第三人称单数形式）

否定形式：am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't，如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。

一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。

例句：

It seldom snows here.

He is always ready to help others.

Action speaks louder than words.

2、现在进行时：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。

时间状语：now，at this time，day

基本结构：be+doing

否定形式：be+not+doing

一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。

例句：

How are you feeling today?

He is doing well in his lessons.

3、现在完成时：

完成时的这种用法通常与由since或for引导的时间状语连用。如：

The old man has lived here for more than twenty years.

老人已在此住了20多年了。

4、完成进行时：表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到的动作。这一动作可能刚刚开始，也可能仍在继续，并可能延续到将来。

基本结构：have/has +been+doing

时间状语：since+时间点，for+时间段等。

例句：

I have been sitting here for an hour.

The chirdren have been watching TV since six o'clock.

二、过去时：

1、一般过去时：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。

时间状语：ago，yesterday，the day before yesterday，last week，last(year，night，month…)，in 1989，just now，at the age of 5，one day，long long ago，once upon a time，etc.

基本结构：be动词；行为动词的过去式

否定形式：was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。

一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。

例句：

She often came to help us in those days.

I didn't know you were so busy.

2、过去进行时：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。

时间状语：at this time yesterday，at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。

基本结构 s+was/were+doing

否定形式：s+was/were + not + doing.

一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。(第一个字母大写）

例句：

At that time she was working in a PLA unit.

When he came in，I was reading a newspaper.

3、过去完成时：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。

时间状语：before，by the end of last year(term，month…)，etc.

基本结构：had + done.

基本结构：主语+had+过去分词(done)

①肯定句：主语+had+过去分词+其他

②否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词+其他

③一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词+其他

④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句

否定形式：had + not + done.

一般疑问句：had放于句首。

例句：

As soon as we got to the station，the train had left.

By the end of last month,We had reviewed four books

三、将来时：

1、一般将来时：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。

时间状语：tomorrow，next day(week，month，year…)，soon，in a few minutes，by…，the day after tomorrow，etc.

基本结构：主语+am/is/are+going to + do；will/shall + do.

否定形式：am/is/are not going to do ；will/shall not do。

一般疑问句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。

例句：

They are going to have a competition with us in studies.

It is going to rain.

2、将来进行时：

将来进行时表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作。常表示已安排好之事，给人一种期待感。如：

What will you be doing this time tomorrow?明天这个时候你将做什么？

The train will be leaving in a second. 火车马上就开。

3、将来完成时：

将来完成时表示在将来某一时间之前完成的动作，往往对将来某一时间产生影响。如：

I shall have finished reading the book by the end of this week.我将在本周末前读完这本书。

Before long，he will have forgotten all about the matter.过不久，他很快就会把这件事全然忘记。

将来完成时表示持续到将来某时的动作或状态。如：

By the time he graduates，he will have studied French for four years.到他毕业的时候，他学法语就满四年了。

By the time Pierce comes back from the meeting，we will have waited here for three hours.到皮尔斯开会回来的时候，我们已经在这儿等了三个钟头了。

4、过去将来时：

过去将来时表示过去某时之后将出现的情况，通常用于宾语从句中。如：

I thought he would come. 我以为他会来。

Jenny never imagined that she would become a doctor.詹妮从没想到自己会当医生。

表示从过去某时看将要发生的事情。如：

The old lady was fifty-eight then. In two years she would be sixty.老太太当时五十八岁，再过两年就六十了。

I didn’t think they would have any objection to it.我想他们不会有什么反对意见。

表示过去习惯性动作（不管什么人称都用would）。如：

Whenever he had time，Harris would go to see his grandmother.哈里斯一有时间就去看他奶奶。

Joanna would go for a walk aftershe had supper.乔安娜吃完晚饭总要去散步

参考资料来源：百度百科-时态

英语里面一共有十六种时态，是四个“时”（现在时、过去时、将来时、过去将来时）与四个“态”（一般式、进行式、完成式、完成进行式）对应组合而成，如下所示：一般现在时 I do现在进行时 I'm doing现在完成时 I have done现在完成进行时 I have been doing一般过去时 I did过去进行时 I was doing过去完成时 I had done过去完成进行时 I had been doing一般将来时 I will do将来进行时 I will be doing将来完成时 I will have done将来完成进行时 I will have been doing过去将来时 I would do过去将来进行时 I would be doing过去将来完成时 I would have done过去将来完成进行时 I would have been doing