蹦蹦跳跳321
一、词法 1、名词 A)、名词的数 我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词,而不可数名词它没有复数形式,但可数名词却有单数和复数之分,复数的构成如下: 一)在后面加s。如:fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas 二)x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes 三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如:baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories 2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如:day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways 四)以o结尾加s(外来词)。如:radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的加es:如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯 五)以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如:knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves 六)单复数相同(不变的)有:fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese 七)一般只有复数,没有单数的有:people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks 八)单词形式不变,既可以是单数也可以是复数的有:police警察局,警察, class班,同学, family家,家庭成员 九)合成的复数一般只加主要名词,多数为后一个单词。如:action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如:man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers 十)有的单复数意思不同。如:fish鱼 fishes鱼的种类, paper纸 papers报纸,卷子,论文, work工作 works作品,工厂, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯,眼镜, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光线 lights灯, people人 peoples民族, time时间 times时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡 十一) 单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或’s。如:Is (I’s), Ks (K’s)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如:IDs, VCDs, SARs 十二) 特殊形式的有:child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen B)名词的格 当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时,我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下: 一)单数在后面加’s。如:brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s 二)复数以s结尾的直接在s后加’,如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如:Teachers’ Day教师节, classmates’; Children’s Day六一节, Women’s Day三八节 三)由and并列的名词所有时,如果是共同所有同一人或物时,只加最后一个’s,但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如:Mike and Ben’s room迈克和本的房间(共住一间),Mike’s and Ben’s rooms迈克和本的房间(各自的房间) 2、代词 项目 人称代词 物主代词 指示代词 反身代词 人称 主格 宾格 形容词 名词性 第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself 复数 we us our ours ourselves 第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself 复数 you you your yours yourselves 第三人称 单数 she her her hers herself he him his his himself it it its its this that itself 复数 they them their theirs these those themselves 3、动词 A) 第三人称单数 当动词是第三人称单数时,动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s,如下: 一)一般在词后加s。如:comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains 二)在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:watches, washes, wishes, finishes 三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如:study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries 2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如:plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys 四)以o结尾加es。如:does, goes 五)特殊的有:are-is, have-has B) 现在分词 当我们说某人正在做什么事时,动词要使用分词形式,不能用原形,构成如下: 一)一般在后加ing。如:spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing 二)以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如:dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having 三)以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母+一个辅音字母(注意除开字母组合如show –showing, draw-drawing)要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如:put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning 四)以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如:tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于 4、形容词的级 我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时,则要使用比较或最高级形式。构成如下: 一) 一般在词后加er或est(如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st)。如:greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest 二)以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母+1个辅音字母(字母组合除外,如few-fewer fewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er /est。如:big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest 三) 以辅音字母+y结尾的变y为i加er/est。如:happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest 四)特殊情况:(两好多坏,一少老远) good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill – worse worst little- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest 5、数词 (基变序,有规则;一、二、三,自己背;五、八、九、十二;其它后接th;y结尾,变为i, eth跟上去。) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth 二、句式 1.陈述句 肯定陈述句 a) This is a book. (be动词) b) He looks very young. (连系动词) c) I want a sweat like this. (实义动词) d) I can bring some things to school. (情态动词) e) There’s a computer on my desk. (There be结构) 否定陈述句 a) These aren’t their books. b) They don’t look nice. c) Kate doesn’t go to No. 4 Middle School. d) Kate can’t find her doll. e) There isn’t a cat here. (=There’s no cat here.) 2. 祈使句 肯定祈使句 a) Please go and ask the man. b) Let’s learn English! c) Come in, please. 否定祈使句a) Don’t be late. b) Don’t hurry. 3. 疑问句 1) 一般疑问句 a) Is Jim a student? b) Can I help you? c) Does she like salad? d) Do they watch TV? e) Is she reading? 肯定回答: a) Yes, he is. b) Yes, you can. c) Yes, she does. d) Yes, they do. e) Yes, she is. 否定回答: a) No, he isn’t. b) No, you can’t. c) No, she doesn’t. d) No, they don’t. e) No, she isn’t. 2) 选择疑问句 Is the table big or small? 回答 It’s big./ It’s small. 3) 特殊疑问句 ① 问年龄 How old is Lucy? She is twelve. ② 问种类 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies. ③ 问身体状况 How is your uncle? He is well/fine. ④ 问方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K. How do we contact you? My e-mail address is ***. ⑤ 问原因 Why do you want to join the club? ⑥ 问时间 What’s the time? (=What time is it?) It’s a quarter to ten a.m.. What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o’clock. When do you want to go? Let’s go at 7:00. ⑦ 问地方 Where’s my backpack? It’s under the table. ⑧ 问颜色 What color are they? They are light blue. What’s your favourite color? It’s black. ⑨ 问人物 Who’s that? It’s my sister. Who is the boy in blue? My brother. Who isn’t at school? Peter and Emma. Who are Lisa and Tim talking to? ⑩ 问东西 What’s this/that (in English)? It’s a pencil case. What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers. 11问姓名 What’s your aunt’s name? Her name is Helen./She’s Helen. What’s your first name? My first name’s Ben. What’s your family name? My family name’s Smith. 12 问哪一个 Which do you like? I like one in the box. 13 问字母 What letter is it? It’s big D/small f. 14 问价格 How much are these pants? They’re 15 dollars. 15 问电话号码 What’s your phone number? It’s 576-8349. 16 问谓语(动作) What’s he doing? He’s watching TV. 17 问职业(身份) What do you do? I’m a teacher. What’s your father? He’s a doctor. 三、时态 1、一般现在时 表示普遍、经常性的或长期性的动作时使用一般现在时,它有: Be 动词:She’s a worker. Is she a worker? She isn’t a worker. 情态动词:I can play the piano. Can you play the piano? I can’t play the piano. 行为动词:They want to eat some tomatoes. Do they want to eat any tomatoes? They don’t want to eat any tomatoes. Gina has a nice watch. Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesn’t have a watch. 2、现在进行时 表示动词在此时正在发生或进行就使用进行时态,结构为sb be v-ing sth + 其它. I’m playing baseball. Are you playing baseball? I’m not playing baseball. Nancy is writing a letter. Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isn’t writing a letter. They’re listening to the pop music. Are they listening the pop music? They aren’t listening to the pop music.
susanwangyue
You can take as many as you like because they are free of (money/charge)我选money错了,钱才可以免费,charge是收费的意思根本翻译不过来的,1. free of charge 免费 (习惯用语) His name was on the (edge/tip) of my tongue, but i just couldn't remember it.我选edge错了,我听过话在嘴边,没听过话在舌尖的、2. on the tip of one's tongue (理由同上)We'll have PE this afternoon but i forgot bring my (sports clothes/clothes of sports)我选clothes of sports错了。这里不应该用属格?3. sports clothes 运动衣 sports meeting 运动会 (词组)These days i hire two(man servants/ men servants) in my house.我选的是man servants是错的,我在想后面有复数。他们前面那个man应该是形容词,为什么错?4. 不知WhyThe editor told the newsman to write (a two-thousand-words/a two-thousand-word)report.我选的是前者,因为两千是形容词,字不应该是形容词吧?5. 复合词一般不加s, 又如: a three-year-old girlThough i spoke to him many times,he never took any (attention/notice) of what i said.这两个词语都有注意的意思,可是我选attention错了,可是为什么呢。6. pay attention to , take notice of (搭配不同)We've missed the last bus,I'am afraid we have no (way/choice)but to take a taxi.这里选way错了。其实我觉得way更加贴近,除了打的没有别的办法,为什么我错了7. have no way out but...; have no choice but to take...We have worked out a plan,but i'm not sure whether it will do in (fact/practice)这两个词意思也很近,in fact 实际上,in practice 在实践 8. 意思相距甚远!in fact=actually 。whether it will do in practice实践中是否能行得通;He seems very honest, but in fact he is a liar.I've got an"A" in the examination,That's a good (result/news),You will surely win a second。为什么news错的、9. 说的是考试结果,成绩The (sight/look) makes me feel sick.我选的是look,一个是这个场景让我恶心,一个是样子让我恶心,两个都通顺的,可还是错唉。10. look 不这样用I am afraid that there is no (position/room) for you in my car, because there are already five people.这句我当然选position,想不明白为什么答案是room,车里怎么会是房间,应该是position位置才对11. 没法子,老外就这么用!(What fun/what a fun) it is to go swimming on on such a hot day。我记得what a 和how是感叹词开头,可是我选what a fun错了12. fun 不可数名词Heavy trucks which run day and night are doing damage to our houses and shop of historical (scene/interest)我选的是scene错了唉,怎么想都不可能是历史的兴趣。13. interest--重要性; 影响 如:Are there any places of historical interest here? 这儿有名胜古迹吗? Last nigt the president made a speech on TV to the (country/nation)这里也是。Country和nation都有国家的意思,可是为什么选country错了14. nation 主要意指人民(The evens/The evenses) will make a trip to China during the summer holidays.其实我压根看不懂evens什么意思但是我觉得evenses看起来好奇怪就选了evens,可是还是错了15. 查不到evenses,看句子应该指“...一家人”,不过你也没大写呀?I'd like you to meet David's a (dark,tall and handsome/tall, handsome and dark) cowboy.这里不知道为什么错了16. 名词前有好几个形容词时顺序是:参看 young student is (a success/success) as a writer.It's ( a surprise/ surprise) to all his teachers.我选的是a success因为我觉得名词应该都要有限定才行,后来发现错了以后觉得可能抽象名词不用限定,可是suprise也是抽象名词吧?可是我选a suprise对了哦。这是怎么回事。17. success--成功者 It's a surprise to.../ It's surprsing to... 。surprise--令人吃惊的事 Many old houses are being pulled down to make (space/area) for the apartment buildings. 其实我搞不懂space和area的区别,两个都有地区的意思但是选space错了Enough of it! Nobody here thinks what you are saying makes any (sence/excuse) 我选excuse错了,不明白为什么19. make sense--讲得通,有意义 excuse--借口,理由 学英语特别要留意记习惯用语、常用搭配词组等,还有就是常用词的不常用意思也要留心!有时也不用死扣,人家怎么说,你就怎么说就行了,要记忆的东西太多了!
moncherisii
名词分为专有名词和普通名词专有名词: 表示具体的人,事物,地点或机构的专有名称。China 中国 Asia 亚洲 Beijing 北京普通名词: 表示某些人,某类事物,某种物质或抽象概念的名称。例如:teacher 老师 tea 茶 reform 改革普通名词又可进一步分为四类1) 个体名称(Individual Nouns):表示单个的人和事物。horse 马 car 汽车 room 房间 apple 苹果 fan 风扇 picture 照片2) 集体名称(Collective Nouns): 表示一群人或一些事物的名称。people 人们 family 家庭 army 军队 government政府 group 集团3) 物质名词(Material Nouns):表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。fire 火 steel 钢 air 空气 water 水 milk 牛奶4)抽象名词(Abstract Nouns):表示动作,状态,品质或其他抽象概念。labour 劳动 health 健康 life 生活 friendship友情 patience耐力名词又可分为可数名词(Countable Nouns)和不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns)。_______________________________________ | |专有名词 | | | 名 | | 个体名词 | | | | | | 可数名词 | | | | 集体名词 | | | |普通名词 | | | | 词 | | 物质名词 | | | | | | 不可数名词| | | | 抽象名词 | |可数名词有单,复数之分,表示一个或多个。a book 一本书 two books 两本书不可数名词:不分单,复数;抽象名词, 物质名词和专有名词一般是不可数名词。sand 沙 sugar 糖有少数名词即可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词,但含义不同。glass 玻璃 glass 玻璃杯 paper 纸 paper 报纸,文件名词的功能名词在句中作主语, 宾语,介词宾语,宾语补助语,表语以及名词短语作状语。The bag is in the desk. bag 作主语。书包在桌子里边。I washed my clothes yesterday. clothes 作宾语。昨天我洗了我的衣服。This is a good book. book 作表语。这是一本好书。We elected him our monitor. monitor作宾语补助语。我们选他为我们的班长。Mary lives with her parents. parents作介词宾语.玛丽和她的父母亲住在一起。He is a Party member. Party 作定语.他是一名党员。They study hard day and night. day and night作状语。他们白天黑夜地学习。名词的数英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式, 表示一个人或事物用单数形式, 表示一个以上的人或事物用复数形式。a book 一本书 two books 两本书 a bag 一个包 three bags 三个包名词的单数形式就是词典上所出现的形式,没有变化, 如: a pen, a bed, a room, an English book。名词的复数形式,多数名词的复数形式在其单数形式后面加 -s 或 -es 构成,名词复数形式变化如下。1) 一般情况下,在词尾加 -s. 例如:bags,maps,pens,desks,workers2) 名词以 [s],[z],[ ],[t ],[d ]等音结尾在其后加 -es, 如词尾已有 e ,只加-s。clothes, boxes, buses, horses, watches,dishes3) 名词以 -f 或 -fe 结尾的,把 -f 或-fe 变成 -ves.bookshelves, wives, knives4) 名词以辅音+y 结尾的,变 y 为 i ,再加 es。cities,babies, factories.5) 名词以+ o 结尾的,有生命的,如potato,则加-es;无生命的,如photo,则直接加s。极少数名词虽然以-o 或者-f 结尾, 变成复数则只加 -s,为数不多, 如 radios pianos photos roofs 等。英语中有些名词的复数形式是不规则的,需要一一记忆常见的有,man - men woman - women foot - feet tooth - teeth mouse - mice ox - oxen sheep - sheep deer - deer fish - fish名词复数的不规则变化 1)child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth mouse---mice man---men woman---women 注意:与 man 和 woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。 如: an Englishman,two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;Bowman是姓,其复数是the Bowmans。2)单复同形 如: deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese li,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin 但除人民币元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:a dollar, two dollars; a pound, two pounds, a franc, two francs 3)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。 如: people police cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说a person,a policeman,a head of cattle,the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss 等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用。 如: The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。 4)以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如: a. maths,politics,physics等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。 b. news 是不可数名词。 c. the United States,the United Nations 应视为单数。 The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。 d. 以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。 "The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book. <<一千零一夜>>是一本非常有趣的故事书。 5) 表示由两部分构成的东西,如:glasses (眼镜) trousers, clothes 若表达具体数目,要借助数量词 pair(对,双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers 6) 另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:goods货物,waters水域,fishes(各种)鱼 定语名词的复数 名词作定语一般用单数,但也有以下例外。 1) 用复数作定语。 如:sports meeting 运动会 students reading-room 学生阅览室 talks table 谈判桌 the foreign languages department 外语系 2) man, woman, gentleman等作定语时,其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。 如:men workers women teachers gentlemen officials 3) 有些原有s结尾的名词,作定语时,s保留。 如:goods train (货车) arms produce 武器生产 customs papers 海关文件 clothes brush衣刷 4) 数词+名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式。 如:two-dozen eggs 两打/(二十四个鸡蛋) a ten-mile walk 十里路 two-hundred trees 两百棵树 a five-year plan. 一个五年计划 个别的有用复数作定语的,如: a seven-years child 英语中有些名词总是以复数形式出现。scissors 剪刀 goods 货物 trousers 裤子 clothes 衣服 glasses 玻璃杯不可数名词量的表示 1)物质名词 a. 当物质名词转化为个体名词时。 比较: Cake is a kind of food. 蛋糕是一种食物。 (不可数) These cakes are sweet. 这些蛋糕很好吃。 (可数) b. 当物质名词表示该物质的种类时,名词可数。 This factory produces steel. (不可数) We need various steels. (可数) c. 当物质名词表示份数时,可数。 Our country is famous for tea. 我国因茶叶而闻名。 Two teas, please. 请来两杯茶。2) 抽象名词有时也可数。 four freedoms 四大自由 the four modernizations四个现代化 物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量。 如: a glass of water 一杯水 a piece of advice 一条建议不同国家的人的单复数 名称 总称(谓语用复数) 一个人 两个人 中国人 the Chinese a Chinese two Chinese瑞士人 the Swiss a Swiss two Swiss澳大利亚人the an two Australians Australian Australians 俄国人 the Russians a Russian two Russians意大利人 the Italians an Italian two Italians希腊人 the Greek a Greek two Greeks法国人 the French a Frenchman two Frenchmen日本人 the Japanese a Japanese two Japanese美国人 the Americans an American two Americans印度人 the Indians an Indian two Indians加拿大人 the Canadians a Canadian two Canadians德国人 the Germans a Germans two Germans英国人 the English an Englishman two Englishmen瑞典人 the Swedish a Swede two Swedes 名词的格在英语中,名词的格有三个,主格,宾格和所有格。它们的形式及其变化表示与其他词的关系。实际上, 主格和宾格通过它在句中的作用和位置来确定。The bird is in the tree. 鸟在树上。 bird 作主语, 是主格。I saw a film yesterday. 昨天我看了一场电影。 film 作宾语,是宾格。名词的所有格: 名词中表示所有关系的形式叫做名词所有格。Lu Xun's book is worth reading.鲁迅的书值得一读。This is my father's room.这是我父亲的房间。以-s 或 -es 结尾的复数名词的所有格只在名词后加 “ ' ”。There are many students' exercise books here.这儿有许多学生的练习本。复合名词的所有格 " 's " 加在后面的名词之后.This is my son-in-law's bike.这是我女婿的自行车。如果一样东西为两人共有,则只在后一个名词后加 " 's "。We visited Xiao Li and Xiao Zhang's room.我们参观了小李和小张的房间。名词所有格所修饰的词,有时可以省略。如前文已经提到,或者指地点。The book is not mine, but Li Hua's.这本书不是我的,是李华的。I had my hair cut in the barber's.我在理发店理发了。2) 表示无生命东西的名词所有格,一般与 of 构成短语表示前者属于后者。It's a map of China.它是一幅中国画。I forgot the tittle of the film.我忘记电影名字了。Beijing is the capital of China.北京是中国的首都。名词的性英语名词如果从生物学的自然性别角度来分析,可分为四种性,阳性,阴性,通性和中性。一般来说绝大多数名词没有性的词性变化形式。英语名词大部分都是中性的。对于一些代表性的英语名词,则用不同的英语名词来表示,而不是用一个词的词形变化来表示。例如阳性: 表示男人或雄性动物的名词有,father man boy阴性: 表示女人或雌性动物的名词有,mother woman girl通性: 表示某一类别的名称,而不强调性别。children baby friend animal fish中性: 表示无生命的物质名称和抽象名称,desk pen chair room英语名称分类繁杂,它的单,复数问题,以及可数还是不可数问题直接影响谓语动词,冠词,代词的使用。请注意下列几个问题。名称作主语时,谓语动词必须和它的主语人称,数相一致.These books are mine, not yours.这些书是我的,不是你的。Miss Li teaches us English.李小姐教我们英语。注意事项集体名称作主语时,谓语动词可用单数,也可用复数。用单数是把集体名称看作整体,用复数是把集体名称看作整体中的组成部分或各成员。His family is large.他家人很多。His family are all teachers他的家人都是教师。动词用复数.We Chinese people are brave and hardworking.我们中国人民勤劳而勇敢。下列名词 news mathematics physics polities 等名称作主语时,谓语动词用单数。The good news is that we have passed the exam.好消息是我们通过了考试。下列名词 goods scissors trousers eyeglasses scales 作主语时,谓语动词用复数。Do you know where my trousers are?你知道我的裤子在哪儿吗?用 and 连接的名词作主语,谓语动词用复数。She and her sister are in the same school.她和她的妹妹在同一个学校。There be 句型中,谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。There are two apples and one egg in it.这里边有两个苹果和一个鸡蛋。as well as 和名词连用时,谓语动词和第一个名词相一致。He as well as I is responsible for it.不但是我,他对这件事也有责任。either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also 连接名词时,谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。Either you or he has to hand in the report.不是你就是他得把报告交上来。名词口诀: 人和事物各有名,万千名目可辨清。表示名称即名词,具体抽象有不同。 时间空间和地点,方向位置有专称。主宾定谓都可作,名词具有多功能。 现在分词和动名词的区别动名词和现在分词都称作动状词(Verbal),即由动词变化而来,仍然具有动词的性质与原义,但不能作动词使用的词。 动名词与现在分词的区别主要是: 1. 如果-ing形式在句中作表语,那么它可能是现在分词,也可能是动名词。区别方法是: 动名词作定语时,说明被修饰的名词的用途(可以用"use for +动名词"这个结构代替), 它和所修饰的名词在逻辑上没有主谓关系;现在分词作定语时,表示它所修饰的名词的行为 ,和它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系(可以扩展为定语从句)。 E.g.: a sleeping car=a car used for sleeping 一节卧车车厢 (sleeping此处为动名词 ) a sleeping child=a child who is sleeping 一个睡着的孩子 (sleeping此处为现在分词 ) 2. 动名词具有名词的性质: 可以和名词一样有冠词或this、some等形容词; E.g.: A knocking at the door was heard 可以和名词一样有所有格、复数形式; E.g.: He enjoys reading for reading’s sake, not for scholarship. He is so busy that I can’t keep track of all his comings and goings. 可以带有所有格已表明动作者。 E.g.: Please excuse my coming late. 3. 如果-ing形式在句中作表语,那么它可能是现在分词,也可能是动名词。区别方法是: 如果ing形式相当于一个名词,可以与主语交换位置,它就是动名词。如果-ing形式相当于 形容词,不能与主语交换位置,它就是现在分词。 4. “动名词+名词”和“现在分词+名词”的读音不同,前者的重音在“动名词”上(a ‘sleeping suit),而后者的重音在“名词”上(a sleeping ‘child)。 5. 动名词用法的特殊情况 ① No+动名词——用于简短的禁令或禁律 E.g.: No smoking.相当于Don't do例如:Don't smoke. ② There is no+-ing(…是不可能的)= It is impossible to ~ = No one can ~ (or We cannot ~) E.g.: There is no telling when lasting peace will come. (谁也不知道永久的和平何 时到来) ③ Never (or not) … without + -ing (每次…都…)= whenever E.g.: He never comes without bringing some present. ④ It goes without saying that (…是不用说的)= It is needless to say that E.g.: It goes without saying that no animal can live without breathing. ⑤ Do+动名词(做需要若干时间或一再重复的事情)——动名词之前都由the、所有 格或some/a little/ much/ a lot of 之类的形容词。 E.g.: Do you do much fishing? ⑥ On (or upon) +-ing (当…,一…就…)=when (or as soon as) +S. + V. ⑦ Of one’s own = -ing (自己…的)=-ed by oneself E.g.: He showed me a picture of his own painting. ⑧ Make a point of –ing (必定,重视)= make it a point to ~ E.g.: He makes a point of calling on me on New Year’s Day. ⑨ Be on (or upon) the point of –ing (正要)= be just about to ~ 6. 如果-ing形式在句中充当状语和补语,那么它一定是现在分词。 如果-ing形式在句中充当主语、宾语、同位语,那么它一定是动名词。
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1,D,after一般用于现在完成时,或一般过去时,3,C,by,表示,在。。。。之前。依题意可得它。4,B,根据第二个空可判断是用beside,5,C be married to是短语 6 A 具体时间到morning用in。出发到某地用for,要是从某地出发用from
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