水月琉璃007
这里很详细 your outline's structure. Each entry in an outline can either be a word or short phrase without punctuation (a topic outline) or a full sentence with punctuation (a sentence outline). There are advantages to both, but the important thing is that you choose one and stay consistent throughout the outline. Outlines can also be in either Roman number--letter--number form or they can be in decimal form. Again choose one, and be consistent. Write down your main categories. In general, you write your thesis statement at the top of the outline and omit any introduction and conclusion (although in longer papers these may be long enough to warrant inclusion in the outline). The outline thus covers only the body of the work, the information that supports the thesis.Decide on your main categories. The main categories are key points of your thesis, the main divisions of your paper. For example, in a basic wikiHow article, the main categories might be "Steps," "Tips," and "Warnings." For a novel, each chapter might be a main category, or you might divide the story into its exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution. Put your main categories in logical order. List the main categories in the order you want them in your paper. This may be chronological or thematical, but it should make sense.Label each main category with a Roman numeral (i.e. "I.", "II.", "III.", etc.) for a Roman numeral-letter-number outline Label each main category with a number (i.e. "1.0", "2.0", "3.0," etc.) for a decimal outline. Note there are periods after each label in a Roman numeral outline but not in a decimal outline. Fill in the subcategories for each main category. Each main category of the paper may be composed of several paragraphs. Each subcategory typically correlates to one paragraph within your paper, but in a long paper or a novel each subcategory may include many paragraphs. For example, in this article, subcategories might be the bolded sentence for each step. Indent several spaces (typically 5), and write down only a short word or phrase (for a topic outline) or a brief sentence (for a sentence outline) to describe the main idea of each paragraph.Label each subcategory as a letter ("A." "B.", "C.", etc.) in a Roman number outline. Under main category "I." you will have one set of letters, and then your will start again at "A." for the first subcategory of each subsequent main category. Label each subcategory as a decimal in a decimal outline. Thus for main category "1." the first subcategory would be "1.1", and the next would be "1.2". The first subcategory under main category 2 would be "2.1" and so on. Fill in the tertiary categories or sentences. Within each sub-category, list and arrange your specific notes to support or expand the argument or point made on that paragraph. The tertiary (third-level) categories will often correlate to the order of sentences in each paragraph since each tertiary category should correlate to a distinct point or idea, such as these:Indent each tertiary category several spaces from the beginning of each subcategory. For Roman numeral outlines, label each tertiary category as a number. So you would have "1.", "2.", "3.", etc. For decimal outlines, label each tertiary category as a decimal with two decimal points. Thus, "1.1.1", "1.1.2", "1.2.1", etc. Continue adding smaller divisions as needed. While tertiary categories often correspond to individual sentences, many outlines will require smaller divisions. For example, you may have one supporting sentence (tertiary category) that is then followed by three sentences giving three specific examples of the point you made in the that sentence. These example sentences do not deserve their own tertiary categories because they don't make a new point--they just support the supporting sentence. Thus you can break them down under that tertiary category as "a.", "b.", and "c." or as "1.2.1.1," "1.2.1.2," and "1.2.1.3". You can make even smaller divisions if necessary. Write your paper. You should easily be able to write your paper with the completed outline in front of you. You may only need to add transitions and connecting words, since all of your points and evidence will already be in their correct places in the outline.
小小的飞帆
比如：Topic 是 Money把相关的Topic sentences组织起来，就是outline了： 1. Money is important to our daily life, but it is not everything 1）Money is imortant 2) Money isn't everything2. Money can't buy love 1) You can marry a beautiful wife or a rich husband, but..; 2) ......3. Money can't buy good health; 1) You can buy expensive medicine, invite the best doctors, but ... 2)...4. Money can't buy knowledge; 1) You can go to the best school and invite the best teacher for your son or daughter, but ... 5......
印象记忆02
第一个选择：An outline breaks down the parts of your thesis in a clear, hierarchical manner. Most students find that writing an outline before beginning the paper is most helpful in organizing one's thoughts. If your outline is good, your paper should be easy to write.The basic format for an outline uses an alternating series of numbers and letters, indented accordingly, to indicate levels of importance. Here is an example of an outline on a paper about the development of Japanese theater:OUTLINE NOTES I. Thesis: Japanese theater rose from a popular to elite and then returned to a popular art form.II. Early theatrical formsA. BugakuB. SarugakuC. Primitive NohD. Authors and AudienceIII. Noh theaterA. AuthorsB. Props1. Masksa. womenb. demonsc. old men2. Structure of StageC. Themes1. Buddhist influence2. The supernaturalD. Kyogen interludesE. AudienceIV. KabukiA. AuthorsB. Props1. make-up2. special effectsC. Themes1. Love stories2. RevengeD. AudienceV. Bunraku (puppet) theaterA. AuthorsB. PropsC. Themes1. Love stories2. Historical romancesD. AudienceVI. Conclusion The thesis is stated in the first section, which is the introduction. The body follows the introduction, and breaks down the points the author wishes to make. Note that some section have subdivisions, others do not, depending on the demands of the paper. In this outline, II, III, & IV all have similar structure, but this will not necessarily be true for all papers. Some may only have three major sections, others more than the five given here. Your conclusion should restate your thesis, and never introduce new material. 第二个选择：How to Write an Outline What is it?An outline is a general plan of the material that is to be presented in a speech or a paper. The outline shows the order of the various topics, the relative importance of each, and the relationship between the various parts.Order in an OutlineThere are many ways to arrange the different parts of a subject. Sometimes, a chronological arrangement works well. At other times, a spatial arrangement is best suited to the material. The most common order in outlines is to go from the general to the specific. This means you begin with a general idea and then support it with specific examples.Thesis Statement of Summarizing Sentence All outlines should begin with a thesis statement of summarizing sentence. This thesis sentence presents the central idea of the paper. It must always be a complete, grammatical sentence, specific and brief, which expresses the point of view you are taking towards the subject.Types of OutlinesThe two main types of outlines are the topic outline and the sentence outline. In the topic outline, the headings are given in single words or brief phrases. In the sentence outline, all the headings are expressed in complete sentences.Rules for Outlining1. Subdivide topics by a system of numbers and letters, followed by a period.Example:I. A. B. 1. 2. a. b.II. A. B.2. Each heading and subheading must have at least two parts.3. Headings for parts of the paper of speech such as, Introduction and Conclusion, should not be used.4. Be consistent. Do not mix up the two types of outlines. Use either whole sentences of brief phrases, but not both.ExamplesTopic OutlineChoices in College and AfterThesis: The decisions I have to make in choosing college courses, depend on larger questions I am beginning to ask myself about my life’s work. I. Two decisions describedA. Art history or chemistry1. Professional considerations 2. Personal considerations B. A third year of French?1. Practical advantages of knowing a foreign language2. Intellectual advantages3. The issue of necessity II. Definition of the problemA. Decisions about occupationB. Decisions about a kind of life to lead III. Temporary resolution of the problemA. To hold open a professional possibility: chemistryB. To take advantage of cultural gains already made: FrenchSentence OutlineChoices in College and AfterThesis: The decisions I have to make in choosing college courses, depend on larger questions I am beginning to ask myself about my life’s work.I. I have two decisions to make with respect to choosing college courses in the immediate future.A. One is whether to elect a course in art history or in chemistry.1. One time in my life, I planned to be a chemical engineer professionally.2. On the other hand, I enjoy art and plan to travel and see more of it.B. The second decision is whether to continue a third year of French beyond the basic college requirement.1. French might be useful both in engineering and travel.2. Furthermore, I am eager to read good books which are written in French.3. How necessary are these considerations in the light of other courses I might take instead?II. My problem can be put in the form of a dilemma involving larger questions about my whole future.A. On the one hand I want to hold a highly-trained position in a lucrative profession.B. On the other hand I want to lead a certain kind of life, with capacities for values not connected with the making of money.III. I will have to make a decision balancing the conflicting needs I have described.A. I will hold open the professional possibilities by electing chemistry.B. I will improve and solidify what cultural proficiency in another language I have already gained, by electing French.第三个选择：How to Write an OutlineAn outline is a list of topics, of sentences, or of questions you intend to answer in your essay. The outline is the over-all plan of your essay. It determines what central points your paper is going to make and how they will be organized, to support your thesis. Steps All parts of the outline should be constructed and organized to support your thesis or central point. Therefore, before you begin the outline you have to have a sense of what you will argue in the paper: you have to be clear about your thesis statement. Main Categories. Arrange your general ideas in main categories. These are the main topics of your essay. Arrange your main categories in the order you discuss them.To help you arrange your categories: look at your main categories, with your thesis in mind, try to find a way that the labels might be arranged in a sentence or two that supports your argument. Sub-categories (Paragraphs). Within each general category list and arrange the paragraphs that support the category. Sentences. Within each sub-category list and arrange your specific notes to support the argument made on that paragraph. This is the order of sentences in the paragraph. The arrangement of caregories, sub-categories and sentences should present a clear, logical argument to support your thesis. Read here about Methods of proving a topic sentence. Also, the different sections should relate logically to each other. Read here about Logic in Argumentative Writing. Organize the outline according to your purposes: Are you attempting to show the chronology of some historical development, the cause-and-effect relationship between one phenomenon and another, the process by which something is accomplished, or the logic of some position? Are you defining or analyzing something? Comparing or contrasting one thing to another? Presenting an argument (one side or both)? Some methods of organizing:Climactic arrangement: one that works up to your strongest point, which is delivered as a kind of grand finale.The inductive argument: in which you build up the evidence first, and then draw conclusions. A problem-solution format: involves presenting the problem first and then outlining the solution.More Principles of Organization. Tips A sample of a topic outline. An outline can be written as a topic outline, in which you use only short phrases to suggest ideas, or as a sentence outline, in which you use full sentences (even very brief paragraphs) to show the development of ideas more fully. Warnings Your paper depends on it! A good outline enhances the organization and coherence of your paper. The outline can help you organize your material, stay focused, be clear, discover connections between pieces of information that you weren't aware of, make you aware of material that is not really relevant to the purposes of your paper, help you fill in gaps, etc. Watch who that you communicate with if On-Line.
默默茶叶
你的老师是在培养你们怎样进行阅读和写作通过阅读，自己要有概括的能力，这就是老师要求的outline，即读过东西后，自己用语言把主要内容或者大意概括出来，当然这可以是文中的重点语句。然后，围绕这些要点，再展开来评论，就是书评，或者读书心得，多练习，自然就会了。其实，如果你老师给你讲过英语写作，一般是比较八股的，只要你会了，差不多东西都一样，先总，后分，然后再综述，大致就是些，如果是议论，要给出论据，来支持你的论点等等。总之，英语比中文写作交易得多，只要你有足够的句子和英语基础。
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