攀爬—蜗牛
初一英语上学期期中复习 【学习目标】 一、语音知识 ※1. ※2. 单词重读 'dinner 'kitchen 'shower 'people for'get pi'ano de'licious re'view 二、词汇 ※ 1. 1－6单元黑体字单词 ※ 2. 词组 what about＝how about …怎么样（认为如何） fall asleep＝be asleep 入睡 eat up 吃光 go to bed 上床睡觉 watch TV 看电视 only child 独生子、独生女 wash the dishes 洗盘子 at school/home/work 在学校 / 家 / 工作 go up 起床 live with sb. 和某人住在一起 三、日常用语 §1. What's your name? My name is Mike. §2. Are you happy? Yes, I am./No, I'm not. §3. What's your favorite subject? My favorite subject is English. §4. Do you like sports? Yes, I do./No, I don't. 四、语法 §1. 词类：名词、冠词、形容词、副词 §2. 比较等级 【知识讲解】 ※1. 名词 ①表示人或事物的名称，如 boy, clock, book, tree。 总的说来，名词分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。 专有名词是个别的人、事物、地点等专有的名称，如： Jim, China 专有名词的第一个字母要大写，如：Beijing, New York ②名词按其所表示的事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词。 可数名词：可以用数目计算，有单数和复数两种形式，如：an apple, two apples, a car, some cars 不可数名词：一般无法用数目计算，没有复数形式，且不用不定冠词a/an修饰，如：water, milk, meat, tea, bread, rice ③单数名词变复数名词的规则如下表： 注：①少数名词的复数是不规则的，如： man→men woman→women child→children ②表示民族的名词，有的在词尾加 s ，如： an American→three Americans ③有的单、复数形式相同，如： a Chinese→four Chinese a sheep→three sheep a deer→five deer ※2. 冠词 冠词是一种虚词，不能单独使用，只能和一个名词一起使用，并帮助说明此名词。冠词有两类，即定冠词the 和不定冠词a/an。 ①不定冠词 常表示“一”的概念，有两种形式：a和an。a用在辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前，如：a book, a pen；an用在元音音素开头的名词前，如：an apple,an orange,an egg。 ②定冠词the 常表示“这个”“那个”“这些”“那些”的概念，the在元音音素前读，在辅音音素前读 ，如：the moon, the evening。 eg. ①－Do you have an English book? －Yes, but the English book is broken. ② There is a chicken in the picture. ③ We can't see the sun at night. ④ The Browns are going to the park this Sunday. ⑤ Shanghai is in the east of China. ※3. 形容词 用来修饰名词，表示人或事物的特征，在句中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语。 如： It's a sunny day today. Let's go to the park. This book is good. It's very nice of you to help us. 常见形容词的同义词与近义词： large→big 大的 glad→happy/pleased 高兴的 clever→bright 聪明的 ill→sick 病的 fine→well 好的 常见形容词的反义词和对应词： bad（坏的）→good（好的） big（大的）→small（小的） busy（忙的）→ free（空闲的） dry（干的）→wet（湿的） same（相同的）→different（不同的） empty（空的）→full（满的） cold（寒冷的）→hot（热的） open（开着的）→closed（关闭的） poor（穷的）→rich（富的） ※4. 副词 用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句，在句中作状语或表语。 eg. Now he is back in New York again. 现在他又回到了纽约。 Mike is a good student. He often does his homework carefully. 副词一般分为七大类： ①时间副词： now, often, then, early, ago, before ②地点副词： here, there, out, above, up, down ③方式副词： hard, well, badly, fast, slowly ④程度副词： very, much, still, almost, too, so ⑤疑问副词： how, when, why, where ⑥关系副词： when, where, why ⑦连接副词： now, where, why often 等表示“频率”的时间副词，总被放在句子中间，又称“中置副词”。这类副词有 always（总是）、 usually（通常）、sometimes（有时）、ever（曾经）、never（从不）等。 “中置”规律： ①放在单个的 be 动词之后； ②放在单个实义动词之前； ③谓语动词为多个词时，放在第一个助动词或情态动词之后。 如： You are always late for school. 你总是上学迟到。 I usually go to school by bike. I never see that book. He often helps other students. He goes to work on foot sometimes. ※5. 比较等级 在进行比较的时候，形容词和副词有原级、比较级和最高级三种形式。 规则形容词和副词的比较级和最高级加 -er或-est。 （1）不规则变化的形容词和副词如下： →better→best →wors →worst （许多）many/much→more→most （几乎没有）little→less→least （远的）far→farther→farthest （老的，旧的）old （2）三种句型 ① 原级句型： as＋形容词/副词＋as，表示“和…一样”；否定句式：not as/so ＋形容词/副词＋as，表示“和…不一样”。 eg. I think Kate does just as well as Ann. If you like the chicken, you may have as much as you can. I don't like the film. It's not so interesting as that one. ② 比较级句型： a. 主语＋谓语＋比较级＋than＋其它，表示“较…一些”。 eg. This city is more beautiful than that one. It is hotter today than yesterday. He is a much nicer worker. b. 比较级＋and＋比较级，more and more＋原级，表示“越来越…”，说明本身程度的改变。 eg. The world's population is growing faster and faster. 世界人口增长得越来越快。 more and more beautiful 越来越漂亮 c. the＋比较级, the＋比较级，表示“越…就越…”，说明随着前边条件的变化，后边的结果也发生变化。 eg. The more she eats, the fatter she'll be. 她吃得越多就会越胖。 The more, the better. 越多越好。 ③ 最高级句型： 主语＋谓语＋（the）形容词或副词的最高级＋in/of 注：最高级前一般要用the，如： He is the most careful student. 但在副词最高级前the可以省去，如：He writes（the）most carefully in his class. This kind of cake is the most delicious. I like English best. Mike is the youngest in his class. He runs fastest. 初一英语上册专题重点动词 一、be动词 1. 根据人称的不同，be动词有三种基本形式，分别为am，is和are。am用于单数第一人称(I)；is用于单数第三人称(he，she，it)；are用于第二人称和复数第一，二，三人称(we，you，they)。 例：I am fifteen years old. 我十五岁了。 You are my friend forever. 你永远是我的朋友。 He is a hard-working student. 他是一个刻苦努力的学生。 The students are reading books in the classroom. 学生们都在教室里读书。 2. be动词的否定形式直接在后面加not. I am not fifteen years old. He is not a hard-working student. The students are not reading books in the classroom. 3. 把be动词的肯定句变成疑问则要直接把动词be提到句首，变型如下： Are you fifteen years old? Is he a hard-working student? Are the students reading books in the classroom? 二. 行为动词 1. match v. 相称；匹配 ● match. . . with. . . e. g. Match the words with the pictures，please. 请把单词和图画相搭配。 2. practise v. 练习 ●practise doing sth. 练习做。。。 e. g. He practices speaking English every day. 他每天都练习读英语。 3. welcome v. 欢迎. ● welcome sb. to sp. e. g. Please welcome Betty and Tony to our school. 欢迎贝蒂和托尼来我们学校。 4. invite v. 邀请 ● invite sb. to do sth. e.g. Tom invites me to go to the concert with him on Saturday. 汤姆邀请我跟他周六一起去参加音乐会。 ● invite sb. to sp. e. g. Daming invites Tony to the cinema. 大明邀请托尼去看电影。 ● invitation(n. ) send an invitation to sb. 对某人发出邀请 5. ask v. 请求 ● ask sb. to do sth. e. g. Tony asks Daming to go to a basketball match. 托尼叫大明一起去看篮球赛。 6. have v. 有 ● have lessons上课 ● have a rest 休息 ● have a look at sth. 看看... ● have dinner 吃饭 ● have a good time 玩的开心 ● have a break 课间休息 ● have a party 举办聚会 e. g. We have three lessons in the morning. 我们早上有三节课。 At eleven o'clock，we have a break and I talk with my friends. 11点我们课间休息，我和我的朋友们聊天。 In the evening，we watch TV and have dinner. I do my homework and go to bed at ten o'clock. 晚上，我们看电视并且吃晚饭。我做作业然后十点上床睡觉。 7. send v. 发送 ● send sb sth(send sth. to sb. ) e. g. We usually send him a birthday card. 我们经常送给他一张生日卡片。 8. make v. 制作。 ● make sth. for sb. e. g. And we often make a cake for his birthday. 我们经常为他的生日做一个生日蛋糕。 ● make travel plans on the Internet e. g. Do you often make travel plans on the Internet? 你们经常在网上制定旅游计划么? ● make a trip to the zoo e. g. Let's make a trip to the zoo. 让我们一起去动物园吧。 9. like v. 喜欢 ● like doing sth. e. g. Daming's uncle likes reading and he reads a lot of books. 大明的叔叔喜欢阅读，并且他经常读很多书。 ● would like sth／to do sth. e. g. Would you like to go to the cinema with Betty and me? 你愿意跟我和贝蒂一起去电影院么? Would you like some tea? 你想来点茶叶么? 10. talk v. 谈话 ● talk to (with) sb. e. g. I often talk to my friends on the phone. 我经常跟我的朋友打电话。 ● talk about sth. e. g. I often talk about our favorite singers with my best friends after school. 我经常在课后跟我最要好的朋友们谈论我们喜欢的歌星。 11. stay v. 停留 ● stay at home e. g. Let's stay at home and watch TV. 让我们留在家里看电视。 ● stay healthy e. g. Mr. and Mrs. Brown do lots of sports and stay healthy. 布朗先生和布朗太太做很多运动，保持健康。 12. visit v. 参观 ● visit sb／sp. e. g. Welcome to Beijing Zoo. Sixteen thousand people visit it every year. 欢迎来到北京动物园。每年有16000人在此参观。 三. 情态动词can 情态动词特点： 1)后面加动词原型。 2)否定句和疑问句不需要借助助动词构成。 e. g. I can play basketball. Can you? 我会打篮球，你会么? That can't be our teacher：our teacher is in her office right now. 那不会是我们老师，我们的老师现在正在办公室呢。 动词练习 一. 用适当的介词填空。 1. Can you match the words _______ the pictures? 2. Let's welcome the foreign friends _______ our country. 3. I want to invite my sister ______ my home. 4. Let's have a party and I will send lots of invitations __ my friends. 5. Can I have a look ___________ your new watch? 6. It's Father's Day tomorrow, and I will send a present _____ my father. 7. Can you make a cake _____ me? 8. My parents always buy a birthday cake _____ me ____ my birthday. 9. She usually buys CD _____ her favorite singers. 10. I often talk __ my mother on the phone. 11. Let's stay _____ home and watch TV. 12. I usually download music _____ the Internet. 13. I am a writer and I write my novels _______ my computers. 14. I listen _____ music every day. 15. The polar bear comes ______ the Arctic. 16. He often writes _____ his friends. 17. Every day I often talk_____ my parents_____ the interesting things in school. 18. On my birthday, I get lots of presents _____ my family and friends. 19. Who switch______ the lights? It's so dark in the room, let me switch them 二、用所给动词适当形式填空。 1. Daming ________ (be) in Class Two. 2. Lingling and Daming _____ (be) good friends. 3. Lingling with Daming _____ (be) at school now. 4. He can ____ (speak) English. 5. We can _____ (play) basketball and ______ (swim). 6. Tony _____ (ride) a bike to school every day. 7. Lucy and Lily sometimes _____ (do) their homework at school. 8. I want _____ (invite) Lily ____ (see)a film with me after class. 9. I ask my mother _____ (choose) a book for me. 10. What about _____ ( have ) a birthday party? 11. He likes ________ (play) computer games and __ (play) cards at weekends. 12. Let Lingling ______ (watch) TV with me, please. 13. How about______ (go) swimming on Sunday? 14. I would like _____ (have) dinner with you tomorrow. 15. Let's go and ______ (see) a panda. 三、时态填空。 1. We often _______ (play) in the playground. 2. He _____ (get) up at six o'clock. 3. _____ you _____ (brush) your teeth every morning. 4. What ________ (do) he usually______ (do) after school? 5. Danny _____ (study) English, Chinese, Maths, Science and Art at school. 6. Mike sometimes _____ (go) to the park with his sister. 7. At eight at night, she _____ (watch) TV with his parents. 8. _____ Mike ______ (read) English every day? 9. How many lessons ____ your classmate _____ (have) on Monday? 10. What time _____ his mother _____ (do) the housework? 四. 按要求修改句子。 1. Do you often play basketball after school? (肯定回答) 2. I have a lot of books. (改为否定句) 3. Betty's mother likes playing table tennis. (改为否定句) 4. She lives in a town near New York. (改为一般疑问句) 5. I watch TV every day. (改为一般疑问句) 6. Tom has got a goal. (改为一般疑问句) 7. We have Chinese lessons in the afternoon. (否定句) 8. Nancy doesn't run fast. (肯定句) 9. My dog runs fast. 否定句 10. Mike has two letters for him. 一般疑问句： 否定句： 练习参考答案： 一、用适当的介词填空。 1. with 2. to 3. to 4. to 5. at 6. to 7. for 8. for, on 9. by 10. to(with) ll. at 12. on 13. on 14. to 15. from 16. to 17. with, about 18. from 19. off, on 二、用所给动词适当形式填空 1. is 2. are 3. is 4. speak 5. play, swim 6. rides 7. do 8. to invite, to see 9. to choose 10. having 11. playing, playing 12. watch 13. going 14. to have 15. see 三、时态填空 1. play 2. gets 3. Do, brush 4. does do 5. studies 6. goes 7. watches 8. Does, read 9. do, have 10. does, do 四、按要求修改句子 1. Yes, we do. 2. I don't have a lot of books. 3. Betty's mother doesn't like playing table tennis. 4. Does she live in a town near New York? 5. Do you watch TV every day? 6. Has Tom got a goal? 7. We don't have Chinese lessons in the afternoon. 8. Nancy runs fast. 9. My dog doesn't run fast. Does my dog run fast? 10. Does Mike have two letters for him? Mike doesn't have two letters for him.
天秤座dan
我们都只是，初中阶段特别是初一是学习英语的关键时期，尤其是语法，因为真正的语法是初一才开始学的，开好一个头将会让以后的学习变得轻松起来。我在这里为大家整理了初一英语上册语法，快来学习学习吧!
一. 动词be(is，am，are)的用法
我(I)用am， 你(you)用are，is跟着他(he)、她(she)、它(it)。单数名词用is，复数名词全用are。变否定，更容易，be后not加上去。变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃。还有一条须注意，句首大写莫忘记。
二. this，that和it用法
(1)this和that是指示代词，it是人称代词。
(2)距离说话人近的人或物用this， 距离说话人远的人或物用that。如：
This is a flower. 这是一朵花。(近处)
That is a tree. 那是一棵树。(远处)
(3)放在一起的两样东西，先说this， 后说that。如：
This is a pen. That is a pencil. 这是一支钢笔。那是一支铅笔。
(4)向别人介绍某人时说This is…， 不说That is…。如：
This is Helen. Helen， this is Tom. 这是海伦。海伦，这是汤姆。
(5)This is 不能缩写， 而That is可以缩写。如：
This is a bike. That’s a car. 这是一辆自行车。那是一辆轿车。
(6)打电话时，介绍自己用this， 询问对方用that。如：
—Hello! Is that Miss Green? 喂，是格林小姐吗?
—Yes， this is. Who’s that? 是的，我是，你是谁?
注意：虽然汉语中使用“我”和“你”，但英语中打电话时绝不可以说：I am…， Are you…?/Who are you?
(7)在回答this或that作主语的疑问句时， 要用it代替this或that。如：
①—Is this a notebook? 这是笔记本吗?
—Yes， it is. 是的，它是。
②—What’s that? 那是什么?
—It’s a kite. 是只风筝。
三. these和those用法
this， that， these和those是指示代词，these是this的复数形式，指时间、距离较近的或下面要提到的人或事;those是that的复数形式，指时间、距离较远或前面已经提到过的人或事物。
①This is my bed. That is Lily’s bed. 这是我的床。那是莉莉的床。
②These pictures are good. 那些画很好。
③ Are those apple trees? 那些是苹果树吗?
在回答主语是these或those的疑问句时，通常用they代替these或those以避免重复。如：
④Are these/those your apples? 这些(那些)是你的苹果吗?
Yes， they are. 是的，他们是。
四. 不定冠词a和an
a和an都是不定冠词，表示一(个，支，本，块……)的意思，但不强调数量概念，而是强调类别，用来限定名词。a用在辅音音素开头的单数名词前，如：a pencil(一支铅笔)，a book(一本书);an用在元音音素开头的名词前，如an eraser(一块橡皮)。如果名词前有修饰语，用a还是用an，则以该修饰语的第一音素决定用a还是用an。如：
a clock 一座钟
an old clock 一座旧钟
a book 一本书
an English book 一本英语书
a nice apple 一个可爱的苹果
an apple 一个苹果
五. 名词+’s所有格
六. There be句型
(1)There be句型主要用以表达“某处(某时)有某人(某物)。”其基本结构为“There be+某物(某人)+某地(某时)”其中there是引导词，没有词义;主语是be后面的名词， be是谓语动词，在一般现在时中be只用is和are两种形式。
下面这首歌诀可帮你巧记there be句型结构：
There be放句首，主语跟在后。地、时放句末，强调置前头。如：
There is a book on the desk.
有时为了强调地点，也可把介词短语放在句首。如：
On the desk there is a book.
(2)There be句型中的be动词如何确定呢?请先看看下面这首歌诀：
Be动词，有三个，am，is还有are。“There be”真特别，不留am只留俩，那就是is还有are。
要用is还是are，须看其后的名词是单数还是复数。若是单数或不可数名词用is，否则就用are。如：
①There is a tree behind the house.
②There is some water(水)in the bottle(瓶子).
③There are some pears in the box.
(3)注意：如果“be”后的主语是由and连接的两个或两个以上的名词，那么be的形式要遵循“远亲不如近邻”的原则。也就是说，“be”的形式是由与它最近的那个名词来确定的。若那个名词是单数或不可数名词要用is，是复数就用are。如：
①There is a book and some pens on the floor.
②There are some pens and a book on the floor.
七. 一般现在时
一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性的动作，或表示现在的特征、状态。
当主语是非第三人称单数时，行为动词的一般现在时变化形式(见下表)。如：
八. 句子单数变复数，注意以下五要素
(1)主格人称代词要变成相应的复数主格人称代词，即I→we， you→you，she，he，it→ they。如：
She is a girl. →They are girls.
(2)am，is要变为are。如：
I’m a student. →We are students.
(3)不定冠词a，an要去掉。如：
He is a boy. →They are boys.
(4)普通单数名词要变为复数形式。如：
It is an apple. →They are apples.
(5)指示代词this，that要变为these，those。如：
This is a box. →These are boxes.
九. 英语日期的表示法
英语中月份和星期名称都是专有名词，它们的首字母必须大写，并且前面无需用冠词。
用英语表示日期，其顺序为月+日+年，日和年之间需用逗号隔开。如：August 2nd，2003(2003年8月2日)。也可以用日+月+年来表示。如：10th May，2003(2003年5月10日)。英语日期前介词的使用：若指在哪一年或哪一月，则用介词in，若具体到某一天，则需用介词on。如：
①She was born in 1989
②She was born in August.
③She was born in August 1989.
④She was born on 2nd August， 1989.
十. 名词单数变复数
在英语里面，名词分可数名词(countable noun)和不可数名词(uncountable noun)。不可数名词没有单复数之分，用时只当单数词用;可数名词有单复数之分，一个的前面要用a或an，eg： a pencil， a basketball， a dictionary， an egg， an ID card，而复数即两个或两个以上的要作相应的变化，情况如下：
(1)一般的词在单数词后直接+“s”
book→books，pen→pens，car→cars，map→maps，cartoon→cartoons
(2)以s，x，sh，ch结尾的词+“es”
box→boxes，watch→watches
(3)以辅音字母+y结尾的名词去掉“y”，改成“i”，再加“es”
family→families，comedy→comedies
(4)以f或fe结尾的词，先去掉f或fe，改成“v”再加es
knife→knives，wife→wives，handkerchief→handkerchieves
(5) 特殊词，特殊变化，需单独记：
child→children，man→men，foot→feet，woman→women
tooth→teeth，sheep→sheep，deer→deer
十一. 时间的表达法
(1)直读式，即直接读出时间数字
7： 05 seven five
8：16 eight sixteen
(2) 过、差式，即几点差几分，几点过几分。(以30分为分界线)
1：25 twenty-five past one
2：30 half past two
3：43 seventeen to four
4：38 twenty-two to five
(3)12小时制
6：00 a.m. 上午6点
8：20 p.m. 下午8点20分
(4)24小时制
13：00 13点钟
22：15 22点15分
(5)15分可用quarter
4：15 a quarter past four
5：45 a quarter to six
(6)时间前通常用介词at
at 5 o’clock
at 7：30 p.m.
十二. 关于时间的问法
(1)以when提问，“什么时候”可以是较长的时间段，也可以是较短的时间点，如：
①When is your birthday? 你的生日是什么时候?
②My birthday is Dec. 29th. 我的生日是12月29日。
这里就是指一天的时间段
①When do you go home? 你几点回家?
②I go home at 4：30 p.m. 我下午4：30回家.
这里when问的是具体的时间。
(2)具体几点我们通常用what time提问，如：
①What time is it now?/What’s the time now? 现在几点了?
It’s 9：26. 现在九点二十六。
②What time is it by your watch? 你手表几点了?
It’s 8：36. Oh， It’s 50 minutes late. 8：36，哦，它慢了50分钟。
③What time do you get up? 你几点起床?
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