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2015年职称英语考试真题及答案综合类A级阅读理解
2017年职称英语考试复习已经开始，为了让大家了解职称英语考试难易程度，下面网我为大家提供了职称英语历年考试真题及答案详解，以下是2015年职称英语考试真题及答案综合类A级阅读理解。
第4部分：阅读理解(第31〜45题，每题3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇 What’s killing the Bats
First it was bees. Now it is bats. Biologists in America are working hard to discover the cause of the mysterious deaths of tens of thousands of bats in the northeastern part of the country. Most of the bats affected are the common little brown bats (Myotis lucifiigus，)but other species, such as the long-eared bat, the small-footed bat，the eastern pipistrelle, and the Indiana bat have also been affected. In some caves, more than 90 percent of the bat populations have died.
One possibility is disease. A white fungus (真菌)known as fusarium has been found on the noses of both living and dead bats. However, scientists don’t know if the fungus is the primary cause of death, a secondary cause of death，or not a cause at all, but the result of some other conditions.
Another possible cause is a lack of food. For example, bats typically eat a large number of moths (蛾)，and in some states such as New York, the number of moths has been declining in recent years. If bats can’t eat enough food, they starve to death.
Still other scientists believe that global wanning is to blame. Warmer temperatures in recent years have been walking up hibernating (冬目民)bats earlier than usual. If bats break their hibernation at the wrong time, they might not find their expected food sources. The weather might also turn cold again and weaken or kill the bats.
Scientists might not agree on the causes of the bat die-off，but they do agree on the consequences. Bats are an important predator of mosquitoes; a single brown bat can eat 1,000 or more insects in an hour. They also eat beetles and other insects that damage plant crops. If there aren’t enough bats, damage will be great from the insects they eat while bats live a long time for their size---the little brown bat can live for more than 30 years---a female bat has only one baby per year, so bat populations grow slowly. Many bat species in the United States are already protected or endangered.
How can you help? Do not disturb sleeping or nesting bats. If you discover bats that seem to be sick or that are dead, contact your lock Fish&Wildlife Department with the details. However, be careful not to touch the animals.
29. what is the main idea of this passage?
A. All species of bats in North America are dying.
B. Scientists already know the cause of the deaths of bats
C. The bat deaths are a serious problem
D. There are many possible causes of the deaths of bats.
30. What does the first sentence in Paragraph 1 mean?
A. Bees have been dying mysteriously
B. The first article on the website is about bees.
C. Bees usually die before bats
D. It was bees that caused the deaths of bats.
31. The word “pipistrelle” in Paragraph I refers to
A. a kind of ftmgus
B. an area in the U.S.
C. a special cave
D. a kind of bat
32. The “moths” in Paragraph 3 are taken as an example of
A. disease that kill bats
B. insects that bats eat
C. animals that have diseases
D. bat species that are starving to death
33. What is the purpose of the last paragraph?
A. to get people to stop killing bats
B. to hire workers for the Fish&Wildlife Department
C. to ask people not to touch dead bats
D. to tell the public how to help bats.
第二篇 Is There a Way to Keep Britain’s Economy Growing?
In today’s knowledge economy，nations survive on the things they do best. Japanese design electronics while Germens export engineering techniques. The French serve the best food and Americans make computers.
Britain specializes in the gift of talking. The nation doesn't manufacture much of anything. But it has lawyers, stylists and business consultants who earn their living from talk, talk and more talk. The World Foundation think tank1 says the UKfs four iconic jobs today are not scientists, engineers, teachers and nurses. Instead, they're hairdressers, celebrities, management consultants and managers. But can all this talking keep the British economy going? The British government thinks it can.
Although the country’s trade deficit was more than £ 60 billion in 2006，UK's largest in the postwar period, officials say the country has nothing to worry about. In fact, Britain does have a world-class pharmaceutical industry, and it still makes a small sum from selling arms abroad. It also trades services — accountancy, insurance, banking and advertising. The government believes Britain is on the cutting edge2 of the knowledge economy. After all, the country of Shakespeare and Wordsworth has a literary tradition of which to be proud. Rock “n” roll3 is an English language medium, and there are billions to be made by their cutting-edge bands. In other words, the creative economy has plenty of strength to carry the British economy.
However, creative industries account for only about 4 percent of UICs exports of goods and services. The industries are finding it hard to make a profit，according to a report of the National Endowment for Science, Technology and the Arts. The report shows only 38 percent of British companies were engaged in "innovation activities' 3 percentage points below the EU average and well below Germany (61 percent) and Sweden (47 percent).
In fact，it might be better to call Britain a nservantM economy — there are at least 4 million people "in service". The majority of the population are employed by the rich to cook, clean, and take care of their children. Many graduates are even doing menial jobs for which they do not need a degree. Most employment growth has been, and will continue to be, at the low-skill end of the service sector 一 in shops, bars，hotels，domestic service and in nursing and care homes.
34. According to the World Foundation think tank, one of the iconic jobs in Britain today is
A. law makers
B. home servants
C. school teachers
D. business consultants.
35. The phrase “the cutting edge” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to
A. the most popular
B. the mos丈 advanced
C. the most political
D. the proudest
36. The officials are not worried about the trade deficit in 2006，because they believe
A. Britain is on the cutting edge of the knowledge economy.
B. Britain is home to the largest pharmaceutical industry in the world.
C. the literary tradition of Britain will help make billions of pounds.
D. the world economy is strong enough to carry the British economy.
37. Which of the following is true about the creative industries in Britain?
A. They are not doing as well as those in other European nations.
B. They contribute a lot to the country’s trade deficit.
C. They can’t make a profit out of their innovative activities.
D. They make Britain on the cutting edge of the knowledge economy.
38. It can be inferred from the passage that
A. the gift of talking can keep the British economy growing.
B. the British economy is the least innovative one in the EU.
C. the British government is over-confident in its economy.
D. being a servant to the rich is one of the best jobs in Britain.
第三篇 The Sandwich Generation
Today people often look forward to their middle age as a time when they will be able to take things easier. After their children are grown，they expect to enjoy the life they have worked hard to create. However the reality is often very different. In middle age，many people discover that they have two ongoing responsibilities1: one is to look after their aging parents, and the other is to help their young adult children deal with the pressures of life. Around the world, there are millions of people who are “sandwiched” in between the older and the younger generations. Sometimes there may be two or three generations living in the same household — a situation that is common in many Asian countries and in some parts of Europe. In other cases, a couple may be taking care of parents and children, but they do not live with them.
There are two important reasons for the rise of the sandwich generation. First, people are living longer than they used to. In the early nineteenth century, the average life expectancy for adults in the United States，for example, was about 40，whereas today people live to an average age of 75. Therefore, children are taking care of their parents over a longer period of time. The second reason is that these days, young adults often live with their parents for a longer time than they did in the past. This is often for financial reasons. It’s also more common for today’s young adults to return home during or after college if they need financial or emotional support.
Young adults feel sandwiched between their financial responsibilities and their desire to enjoy life. They may have to cover expenses that their parents cannot. They may have to manage their parents’ financial and legal affairs. They may have to prepare for their parents’ future needs, such as special medical care or a move to a nursing home. This can be a traumatic experience for everyone.
Caring for adult children presents challenges as well, and caregivers have to resolve important questions; How can financial responsibilities be shared among members of the household? How can household chores be shared? What is the best way to ensure everyone’s privacy? Successfully coping with these issues can avoid a lot of stress for the whole family.
The financial and emotional pressures on the sandwich generation can be overwhelming. However, this time in life also has its rewards. It can be a time to rediscover the special qualities of one’s parents or children. It can also provide a valuable opportunity to spend more time with them. However，in order to survive this difficult period in their lives，the members of the sandwich generation must remember that they also need to pay attention to their own needs and look after the quality of their own lives. They can’t be totally selfless.
39. According to the first paragraph, many people in middle age
A. are able to take things easier when their children are grown.
B. can’t enjoy their life as they have expected
C. can’t enjoy their life because they haven’t worked hard enough.
D. are facing great pressure from their work.
40. Which is true about the sandwich generation?
A. Their parents are unable to take care of themselves.
B. Their parents are often facing the pressures of life.
C. They are tom between the responsibilities for their parents and children.
D. They all have to live with their parents and children.
41. Why do some young adults choose to live with their parents these days?
A. They are too young to be independent from their parents.
B. They want to help their parents to take care of their aging grandparents.
C. They need support from their parents to deal with their financial problems.
D. They are more emotional than the young adults in the past.
42. The sandwich generation face the following challenges EXCEPT
A. sharing household chores
B . ensuring everyone，s privacy
C. shouldering the financial responsibilities of the household
D. determining who is the caregiver of the family
43. To survive the difficult period in their lives，the sandwich generation need to
A. be totally selfless
B. consider their own wellbeing
C. rediscover the merits of their children
D. value the time spent with their parents.
优异空间
军队职称英语说明书考试概况 外语对于国防军队建设具有重大的战略意义，外语能力也是衡量军队专业技术干部素质和专业水平的一个重要方面。全军考试中心组织的评定专业技术资格的外语考试，是为鉴定申报晋升专业技术职务的军队专业技术干部的英语水平而设置的常模参照性水平考试。考试采取统一大纲、闭卷笔试的形式进行。考试设英语、日语、俄语、德语、法语等22个语种，根据考生所在单位的性质、地区和专业要求的不同，分为A、 B、C、D、E五个级别。考试主要测试军队专业技术干部的阅读理解能力，同时也考察应试者的基本语法和词汇知识，以及翻译能力。 报名时间 每年1月4日至15日为单位到考场到报名时间。报名单位应当在规定的考试报名时间内到指定考场办理报名手续。 考试时间 专业技术干部考试时间原则上安排在每年4月上中旬进行,具体时间以部署当年度考试工作的通知为准。 考试时间为120分钟。 报考级别 外语考试。根据考生所在单位的性质、地区和专业要求的不同，分为A、B、C、D、E五个级别： （一）教学、科研和中心医院以上单位（以下简称“三类单位”）中从事教学、科研和卫生等专业的干部（以下简称“教研卫”干部），评定高级职务资格（含正高职，下同）的报考A级、评定中级职务资格的报考B级、评定初级职务资格的报考C级。 （二）边远艰苦地区（范围按[1989]国发14号文件执行）三类单位的教研卫干部、非边远艰苦地区作战部队和其他单位（专业）的干部，评定高级职务资格的报考B级、评定中级职务资格的报考C级、评定初级职务资格的报考D级。 （三）边远艰苦地区作战部队和其他单位（专业）的干部，评定高级职务资格的报考C级、评定中级职务资格的报考D级、评定初级职务资格的报考E级。 评价目标 本考试重点考察应试者的阅读理解能力，同时也考察应试者的基本语法和词汇知识，以及翻译能力。本考试对应试者要求分别为： （一）词汇： 要求应试者一般性掌握本大纲所附的词汇表。对不同试卷类别的应试者要求认知的词汇量分别如下： 1、A、B类卷应试者应从认知6000个左右的词汇和短语； 2、C类卷应试者应认知4500个左右的常用词； 3、D、E类卷应试者应认知3000个左右的基本词汇。 （二）语法知识： 本部分对不同试卷类别的应试者要求掌握的语法项目和知识分别为： 1、A类卷应试者熟练掌握本大纲所附 "语法项目表" 所规定的主要语法和知识。 2、B类卷应试者较熟练掌握本大纲所附 "语法项目表" 所规定的主要语法和知识。 3、C类卷应试者基本掌握本大纲所附 "语法项目表" 所规定的主要语法和知识。 4、D类卷应试者初步掌握本大纲所附 "语法项目表" 所规定的除虚拟语气、省略和倒装以外的其他语法和知识。 5、E类卷应试者初步掌握本大纲所附 "语法项目表" 中除虚拟语气、省略和倒装、动词不定式的完成式完成被动式以及分词独立结构以外的其他语法项目和知识。 （三）阅读理解： 本部分着重考察应试者以下几个方面的阅读理解能力： 1、能基本掌握所读材料的主旨和大意； 2、了解作者用以阐述主旨的事实和有关的细节； 3、根据上下文语境推断某些词汇、短语和句子的意义； 4、根据所读材料能按要求讲行一定的判断、概括和推理； 5、能正确领会作者的观点和意图。 本部分要求如下： 1、A类卷应试者能够读懂英语国家出版的具有较高难度的材料，阅读速度每分钟70个英文词，阅读总量不超过1500词； 2、B类卷应试者能够读懂英语国家出版的具有中高等难度的材料，阅读速度每分钟60个英文词，阅读总量不超过1300词； 3、C类卷应试者能够读懂英语国家出版的具有中等难度的材料，阅读速度每分钟50个英文词，阅读总量不超过1100词； 4、D类卷应试者能够读懂词汇量为3000词左右的浅易材料以及简易读物，阅读速度为每分钟40个英文词，阅读总量不超过1000词； 5、E类卷应试者能读懂词汇量为2500-3000词的浅易材料以及简易读物，阅读速度为每分钟近40个英文词，阅读总量不超过900词。 （四）翻译： 测试应试者理解和翻译原文的能力。要求应试者理解准确，译文忠实原意，语言通顺。 本部分具体要求如下： 1.A类卷应试者能运用翻译基础理论，熟练掌握常用的翻译技巧。能翻译相当于英美报刊上具有中高等难度的各种材料总的译量不超过250词； 2.B类卷应试者能较熟练掌握常用的翻译技巧。能翻译相当于英美报刊上具有中等难度的各种材料，总的译量不超过220词； 3.C类卷应试者能基本掌握常用的翻译技巧。能翻译相当于英美报刊上具有一定难度的各种材料，总的译量不超过200词； 4.D类卷应试者能较准确地翻译浅易材料和简易读物，总译量不超过180词； 5.E类卷应试者能翻译较浅显的材料，译文通顺达意，总的译量不超过160词。 阅读理解与翻译部分的短文体裁多样，题材广泛，以非专业化的文章为主。短文中无法猜测而又影响理解的关键词和偏难的词，皆用汉语注释，此类词不超过短文词汇总量的3%。 考试内容 本考试题型分为客观题和主观题两种题型。语法结构与词汇、阅读理解两部分为客观题；翻译部分为英译汉，系主观题型（以后将逐步增加汉译英、英语写作。听力测试等内容）。阅卷采用网上评阅方式。 答题计分 外语考试总分为100分 第一部分：语法结构与词汇 本部分20小题，其中A、B、C类试卷为每小题1分，共20分；D、E类卷为每小题1.5分，共30分。试卷60％为语法结构，40％为词汇和短语的用法。要求应试者从每题4个选择项中选一最佳答案。 第二部分：阅读理解 A、B、C类卷为25小题，每小题2分，共50分，要求应试者阅读5篇短文；D、E类卷为20小题，每小题2分，共40分.要求应试者阅读4篇短文。每篇短文后面列有若干道阅读理解判断题，要求应该者从每题4个选择项中选一最佳答案。 第三部分：翻译 本部分共30分，要求应该者将若干段英语短文（或短文中的某些段落）翻译成汉语。 免考规定 总政治部干部在强调坚持严格要求，不断加强专业技术人员外语能力建设的同时，分3类对10余种情况的军队干部今年评任专业技术职务外语考试成绩要求作出了调整。 第一类是外语考试成绩不作要求：出国留学、做访问学者一年以上的；评定副高级专业技术资格时外语考试合格，拟评定同一专业系列正高级专业技术资格的；因专业技术工作成绩显著，个人立一等功或被授予荣誉称号的；现专业技术职务期间，在本专业领域获得国家最高奖项的主要贡献者（前三名）；取得外语专业大专以上学历并从事本专业工作，评定专业技术资格有第二外语要求的；评定初级专业技术资格的。 第二类是外语考试成绩要求可放宽到40分。因专业技术工作成绩突出，个人立二等功或被军区级以上单位树立为先进典型的；现专业技术职务期间，在本专业领域获得军队最高奖项的主要贡献者（前三名）；从团职以上领导岗位或军级以上机关选调从事教学、研究和新闻工作的；团以下单位，长期在野外从事农业、林业、水利、采矿、测绘、勘探、施工等专业技术工作的。 第三类是外语考试成绩作为参考条件。师以下作战部队装备技术保障干部；在边远艰苦地区连续工作10年以上的（范围按国务院、中央军委国发〔1989〕14号文件执行）。 上述外语免考或放宽成绩要求有关规定从2007年开始实行。
smilejoyce922
职称英语考试分为理工类，卫生类，综合类三个类别，每个类别又分为A B C三个级别，初级职称英语考A级，中级职称英语考B级，高级职称英语考C级。你可以买职称英语词典，这个词典是可以在考试时带进考场的，三个类别的英语考试都可以用这一本词典。词典上边把ABC级要考的单词都列出来了。就我考的情况来看，我考的是卫生类中级职称，感觉卫生类B级英语考试很简单，顶多相当于大学英语2级到3级的水平。难易度怎么说呢，会者不难，难者不会吧。有时间背背单词，做做练习题，考前做做真题就过了。我单位里毕业好多年的，学历才大专的同事都一次考过卫生类中级职称英语，花点时间用点心就可以了。
