孔子思想英文版

孔子的生平One of the most famous people in ancient China was a wise philosopher named Confucius (circa 551-479 BC). He sometimes went by the names Kong Zi though he was born - Kong Qiu - styled Zhong Ni. He was born in the village of Zou in the country of Lu. This chinese man was a well-known leader in philosophy and he also made many wise phrases and theories about the law, life, and the government. Philosophy is a kind of a system of ideas and thoughts that talk about the human's behavior, the rules that you should follow to make a successful life, and about the government. In other words, it's about thoughts and theories that teach other people lessons about principles, or rules, about life and it also teaches you a moral ( sort of like the morals that are at the end of a fable). Confucius is famous for his philosophy because he made many wise sayings in ancient China that helped many people learn about nature, the world, and the human behavior. He also helped the government and the emperor by teaching them lessons on how the emperor should rule his kingdom successfully. Confucius was born in a poor family in the year 551 B.C., and he was born in the state of Lu. His original name was K'ung Ch'iu. His father, commander of a district in Lu, died three years after Confucius was born, leaving the family in poverty; but Confucius nevertheless received a fine education. He was married at the age of 19 and had one son and two daughters. He worked as a keeper of a market. Then he was a farm worker who took care of parks and farm animals. When he was 20, he worked for the governor of his district.主要思想见下面参考资料

Confucius:Chinese philosopher whose Analects contain a collection of his sayings and dialogues compiled by disciples after his death. 孔子：中国哲学家，其著作论语 包含了他生前的学说和他死后由其门徒编纂而成的言论

孔子生平：

In the 24th year of duke xiang of lu (549 BC), when Confucius was three years old, shuliang he died.

（鲁襄公二十四年（公元前549年），孔子3岁时，叔梁纥病逝。）

In the eleventh year of the reign of duke zhao of lu (531 BC), Confucius took charge of animal husbandry.

（鲁昭公十一年（公元前531年），孔子改作乘田，管理畜牧。）

Because of the hard life when I was young, I could do some rough work.

（因小时候生活艰难，所以会干一些粗活。）

In the 27th year of duke zhao of lu (515 BC), a doctor of the state of qi wanted to harm Confucius.

（鲁昭公二十七年（公元前515年），齐国的大夫想加害孔子，孔子听说后向齐景公求救。）

Duke jing of qi said he was too old to use it.

（齐景公说自己老了，不能用了。）

Confucius had to flee to the state of lu.

（孔子只好仓皇逃回鲁国。）

In the third year of ai gong of lu (492 BC), Confucius was 60 years old.

（鲁哀公三年（公元前492年），孔子60岁，称自己这时候，能正确对待各种言论，不觉得不顺。）

On February 11 (April 11, 479 BC), Confucius fell ill and died at the age of 73.

（鲁哀公十六年二月十一日（公元前479年4月11日），孔子患病不愈而卒，终年73岁。）

孔子思想：

An important proposition of Confucius' thought of governing history is "straightness".

（孔子治史思想的一个重要主张就是“直”。）

That is to study history to seek truth from facts, not only to pay attention to the basis, but also to "know for know.

（即研究历史要实事求是，不但要重视根据，而且要“知之为知之，不知为不知”（《为政》）。）

扩展资料

孔子言论著作：孔子的言论主要记录在《论语》中。《论语》是儒家学派的经典著作之一，由孔子的弟子及其再传弟子编撰而成。它以语录体和对话文体为主，记录了孔子及其弟子言行，集中体现了孔子的政治主张、伦理思想、道德观念及教育原则等。

《论语》与《大学》、《中庸》、《孟子》在南宋后并称“四书”。通行本《论语》共二十篇。《论语》的语言简洁精炼，含义深刻，其中有许多言论至今仍被世人视为“微言大义”。

参考资料来源：百度百科-孔子

1. Confucius said: the original characteristics of human are the same, the environment and the habit you have make it different.2. Confucius claimed that “everyone has the right to be educated. When it comes to education, there’s no different between people, such as racial, status.3. His footprint had been cleaned up in Country Wei. He had been scared by cutting trees in Country Song. He once to be poor in Countries Zhou and Shang. He had been besieged in Countries Chen and Cai.4. If you study well, you should be an official to contribute to your country.5. Confucius said:” If your status is more than “Hong ran”, then you can talk with the people whose status is higher than you, but when you are lower than “Hong ran”, you cannot。(我们中国古代的官僚名称不好翻译，所以保留原词了)6. Had been recorded in the chapter which called “advanced” in the analects of Confucius.7. Had been recorded in the chapter which called “ Chang, Gongye” in the analects of Confucius.8. I won’t tell him until he wants to understand something but cannot, I won’t suggest him until he want to tell something but cannot. If I suggest one aspect but he cannot give out other three aspects, then I won’t tell him any more.9. The one who is good at it is better than the one who know it; the one who is interested in it is better than the one who is good at it.10. Confucius said that:” I began to study at fifteen years old”,” I won’t give up study until I am died.”11. Studying without thinking then you will be confused but get nothing; thinking without studying then you will be tired but learning nothing. ( this sentence tells us that studying should be combined with thinking)12. Often review the things you have learned when you are learning. While you review what you have learnt you may get new knowledge.13. If you know it, it’s good; but if you don’t know it, please be honest, just say you don’t know.14. While I see three people walking in line, there must be someone can be my teacher. If I see someone’s good manner, characteristic, or skills, we should think about to be like him or her.15. While you are studying, you not only should give other three aspects while others mentioned one aspect, but can give ten points when you hear one.• Everyone has multiple intelligence; someone is good at verbal, someone maybe good at musical or mathematical. We should give them education at the area they are good at, and then they can achieve their value. When you are teaching, not give the answer to your students directly, but leading them, let them get the answer themselves. The teacher who is very patient, and is good at leads his students to find out the answers themselves. The teacher also can get knowledge from his students while they are talking with each other. Different people have different abilities, so we should use different methods to teach different students. Studying and thinking should be combined together. Review what you have learnt, you may get new knowledge. If you cannot understand anything, please do not be shy, just ask others. Learning have no fixed teacher, everyone can be your teacher because he must have something you do not know. Give you the example of one aspect; you should have the ability to give out other three aspects.都是自己翻译的，所以网址出处就给不了了，呵呵~你看看哪里意思理解有误，我好订正~

Confucius (born Kong Qiu, styled Zhong Ni) was born in the village of Zou in the country of Lu in 551 B.C., a poor descendant of a deposed noble family. As a child, he held make-believe temple rituals; as a young adult, he quickly earned a reputation for fairness, politeness and love of learning, and he was reputed to be quite tall. He traveled extensively and studied at the imperial capital, Zhou, where he is said to have met and spoke with Lao Zi, the founder of Daoism. Upon his return to Lu, he gained renown as a teacher, but when he was 35, Duke Zhao of Lu led his country to war, was routed and fled to the neighboring country of Qi; in the disorder following the battle, Confucius followed. Duke Zhao frequently came to him for advice, but upon counsel of one of his ministers, he decided against granting land to Confucius and gradually stopped seeking his counsel. When other nobles began plotting against Confucius' position, Duke Zhao refused to intervene, and Confucius returned to Lu. But conditions there were no better than before, and Confucius retired from public life to concentrate on teaching and studying.At age 50, he was approached by the Baron of Qi to help defend against a rebellion, but he declined. He was later made a city magistrate by the new Duke of Lu, and under his administration the city flourished; he was promoted several times, eventually becoming Grand Secretary of Justice and, at age 56, Chief Minister of Lu. Neighboring countries began to worry that Lu would become too powerful, and they sent messengers with gifts and dancers to distract the duke during a sacrifice holiday. When the duke abandoned his duties to receive the messengers, Confucius resigned and left the country.Confucius spent the next five years wandering China with his disciples, finding that his presence at royal courts was rarely tolerated for long before nobles would begin plotting to drive him out or have him killed. He was arrested once and jailed for five days, and at 62 he was pursued, along with his disciples, into the countryside by a band of soldiers sent by jealous nobles, until he was able to send a messenger to the sympathetic king of a nearby country, who sent his own soldiers to rescue them. Once again, Confucius was to be given land but was denied it upon counsel of another high minister. After further wanderings, he eventually returned to Lu at age 67. Although he was welcomed there and chose to remain, he was not offered public office again, nor did he seek it. Instead he spent the rest of his years teaching and, finally, writing. He died at 72.孔子(名秋 字仲尼)生于鲁国邹村在我国公元前551年, 元老废黜了一个贫苦家庭高贵. 作为一个孩子,他认为地以为庙祭; 作为一个年轻的成年人,他很快赢得美誉公平、 礼貌、爱学习,他被誉为是相当高大. 他走遍了研究和广泛的帝国首都周 据说他曾与交谈老子,道家创始人. 返回卢,他赢得声威当老师,但是当他35岁 赵吕公爵率领乌加战争是落花流水逃往邻国齐; 在混乱的战斗后,孔子之后. 杜克赵常找他请教,但他的一名律师在部长会议 他决定对孔子逐渐停止批地给他的律师求. 当其他贵族开始密谋对付孔子地位杜克赵拒绝介入,孔子返鲁. 但没有任何条件比以前更好、离退休孔子退隐专心教学和学习. 50岁时,他遇见了男爵齐协防打击叛乱,但他拒绝. 他后来被新县长作了一个城市格洛斯特路 而在他主政全市蓬勃开展; 升任几次,终于成为大政司司长, 年仅56岁,首席部长鲁. 周边国家开始担心,将成为卢太强大 送信、送礼物、跳舞,他们分散在公爵牺牲假期. 当公爵遗弃职务领取送信,孔子辞职,离开该国. 未来5年内花费孔子与弟子中徘徊, 法院认定他出席皇家贵族很少容忍多久便开始密谋把他或他杀死. 他被捕入狱后五天,他是在62追求,随着他的弟子, 到郊外一阶士兵发出嫉妒贵族, 直到他能够体谅国王派遣使者到邻近的国家, 当年送自己的士兵拯救. 再次,孔子得到它的土地,但遭到拒绝后,高律师另一个大臣. 进一步漫游后,他终于回到鲁年仅67. 虽然他并没有选择留欢迎,他没有向公职再次 他也不求. 而他花了他多年的教学和休息,最后写作. 他死在72.

1 孔子说“性相近也，习相远也” “By nature ,near together,; by practice far apart.”2孔子主张“有教无类” “There is a difference in instruction but none in kind.”3 但他“削迹于卫，伐树于宋，穷于商周，围于陈蔡”，4“学而优则仕” “The energy that he has left after studying , he should devote to service of State.”5孔子说：“中人以上，可以语上也；中人以下，不可以语上也”，Th Master said,To men who have risen at all above the middling sort ,one may talk of things higher ye. But to men who are at all below the middling sort it is useless to talk of things that are above them. 6《论语》“先进”篇中记载7“公冶长”篇中记载8“不愤不启，不悱不发，举一隅不以三隅反，则不复也”，Only one who bursts with eagerness do I instruct; only one who bubbles with excitement, do I enlighten. If I hold up one corner and a man cannot come back to me with the other three, I do not continue the lesson. 9“知之者不如好之者，好之者不如乐之者”，” To prefer it is better than only to know it. To delight in it is better than merely to prefer it.10孔子自述“吾十有五而志于学”The Master said, At fifteen I set my heart upon learning.， “学而不止，阖棺乃止“，11“学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆”，”He who learns but does not think ,is lost. He who thinks but does not learn is in danger.12“学而时习之”，To learn and at due time to repeat what one has learn”;“温故而知新”,””reanimating the Ole can gain knowledge of the New”13“知之为知之，不知为不知” “When you know a thing, to recognize that you know it, and when you do not know a thing, to recognize that you do not know it.”14“三人行必有我师”，”Even when walking in a party of no more than three I can always be certain of learning from those I am with.” “见贤思齐”，”In the presence of a good man, think all the time how you may learn to equal him.”15学习不仅要举一反三，“同8中翻译”。还要“闻一知十”，” Hearing one part in ten, in order to understand the whole ten.”16因材施教能找到的就这么多。所有出自《论语》原文的翻译，我是参考外语教学与研究出版社出版的《The Analects》，Arthur Waley翻译。

1 Kong Zi said that “also the nature is close, the custom far also” 2 Kong Zi advocated that “teaches all comers without discrimination” 3 but he “to truncate the mark in the health, the cutting down a tree in Song, in Shangzhou, encircles YuChen Cai poorly”, 4 “after acquiring achievements from study then to be an officer” 5 Kong Zi said: “above the human, may in the language; Below the human, may not in the language also”, 6 "Confucian analects" “advanced” in records 7 “male to smelt is long” to record 8 “not indignant not to open, is not unable to express or explain oneself does not send, lifts a corner not by three inferences, then no longer also”, 9 “knows was inferior, good was inferior happy”, 10 Kong Zi told that “I ten have five, but remembers in study “,” study continues, he the coffin is stops “, 11 “study does not think, then deceives, thinks, but not school constitution danger”, 12 “study, but time custom it”, “wengu knows 13 “to know it newly” to know it, did not know that for did not know” 14 “three person of lines must have my teacher”, “see a worthy person and be inspired to be likewise”, the 15 study not only needs to extrapolate, “as soon as but also wants to hear knows ten”, 16 teaches students in accordance with their aptitude heuristic teaching to teach with skill and patience one learns by teaching to think in view of sex education study unifies to review the old and thereby know the new each matter to ask that study variable extrapolates