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1.主语从句1）主语从句可直接位于主语的位置，如果从句较长，谓语又较短，可用it作形式主语，而将从句放在句末。常见的句型有：*It is a fact\a pity\a question\good news that...*It seems\appears\happened\has turned out that...*It is clear\important\likely\possible that...*It is said\reported\estimated\has been proved that...It is said that comic books create a connection between people of the same generation.It seems that the performance is very useful.2)what引导的主语从句表示“...的东西时”，一般不用it作形式主语。What we lack is experience.3)what,who,when,why,whether等词含有各自的疑问意义，但它们引导的主语从句，都用陈述语序。How the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again.I did know why I felt like crying.2.宾语从句1）宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后。连词that常可省略。介词后一般接疑问词引导的宾语从句。in that(因为),except that(除了),but that(只是）已构成固定搭配，其他介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句。*I promised that I would change the situation.*All this is different from what American young people would say about friendship.*He is certain that watching so much television is not good for children.*This article is well-written except that it is a bit too long.2)宾语从句后如有宾补，要用形式宾语it来代替，而把宾语从句移至宾补之后。He has made it clear that he would not change his mind.3)在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后的宾语从句中，如果谓语是否定的，一般将否定词移至主句谓语上，宾语从句则变成肯定形式。He didn't think that the money was well spent.3.表语从句表语从句出现在结构为“主语+系动词+表语从句”的句子中。表语从句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how等引导外，还可由because,as if(though)等引导。that常可省略。如主句主语为reason,只能用that引导表语从句，不可用because.Perhaps the most important thing to remember is that there is no one common type of life in America.The reason why so many people died there is that there were not enough food supplies.It looks as if successful international cultural communication will make the world smaller.4.同位语从句同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明，一般用连词that引导，由于先行名词的意义不同，也可用whether,who,when,where,what,why,how等引导。常见的先行名词有fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,problem,report,decision.有时由于谓语较短，将同位语从句位于谓语之后。She finally made the decision that she would join the fashion show.I had no idea how many books I could borrow at a time.The news came that their team had won the championship.5.定语从句定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是名词或代词，也可以是一个句子。定语从句通常位于先行词之后，由关系代词或关系副词引导。*限制性定语从句限制性定语从句修饰先行词，对先行词起修饰作用，紧接先行词之后，无逗号，若省去，原句意思不完整。引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that等。who,whom,whose用于指人，whose有时也可指物，相当于of which；which用于指物；that既可指人也可指物，但只用于限制性定语从句中。关系代词除了引导定语从句，替代先行词外，还在从句中担任主语、宾语、定语等。The computers and cables which make up the Internet are owned by people and organizations.Those who live alone or who are sick may have trouble in getting close to other people.The girl whose parents died in an accident is living with her grandmother.1)当先行词是all,anything,everything,something,nothing等不定代词或先行词前有first,last,any,few,much,some,no,only以及形容词最高级修饰时，只能用关系代词that引导从句。That is all that I've heard from him.He's the first person that I'm going to interview this afternoon.2)关系代词的省略在从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。关系代词紧跟介词，作介词宾语时不可用that，只可用which或whom引导从句，并且不可省略，但当介词位于宾语从句句末时，作为介词宾语的关系代词仍可用that，也可省略。This is one of those things with which we have to put up.This is one of those things (which\that) we have to put up with.3)引导定语从句的关系副词有when,where,why等。关系副词在从句中作状语，意义上相当于一个“介词+which”的结构。Even in comic books where(=in which) there are no words,the stories are fully expressed through the drawings.No one knows the reason why(=for which) he was so angry that day.*非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词，也可修饰整个主句，起补充说明作用，与主句之间有逗号隔开，若省去，原句意思不受影响。不可用that引导非限制性定语从句。关系词不可省略。Every object has a gravitational pull,which is rather like magnetism.*“介词+which\whom\whose”引导的定语从句“介词+which\whom\whose”可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句，该结构中介词的选择取决于从句谓语动词的固定搭配，或先行词的习惯搭配。This is the computer on which he spent all his savingsIt is written by a person with whom we are all familiar.*as引导的定语从句as引导的定语从句主要用于“such...as”及“the same...as”的结构中，代替先行词是人或物的名词。as引导非限制性定语从句时，代替整个主句，从句可位于主句之前、之后或中间。These are not such problems as can be easily solved.(as代替先行词problems)As is mentioned above,no single company or group can control what happens on the Internet.(as代替主语)6.状语从句*时间状语从句引导时间状语从句的从属连词和词组有：1）when,whenever,while,as,after,before,since,till,until,once等。We have learnt quite a lot about it since we came here.2)as soon as,hardly(scarcely)...when,no sooner...than,each(every) time,the moment,immediately(that)等。As soon as I sent an e-mail message,I received positive responses.The moment he heard the good news,he jumped with joy.*地点状语从句引导地点状语从句的连词是where,wherever.Wherever she went,she took her little daughter with her.*原因、结果和目的状语从句1）引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because,as,since,now(that),seeing that,considering that,in that等。Considering that he is a freshman,we must say he is doing well.2)引导结果状语从句的连词有：so...that,such...that,so that,that,so等。Mickey Mouse is so attractive that the children are reluctant to leave.3)引导目的状语从句的连词有：so that,in order that,for fear that,lest等，从句常使用may,might,can,could,would等情态动词。We got up early this morning so that we could catch the first bus to the railway station.*条件和让步状语从句1）引导条件状语从句的连词和词组有if,unless,as(so) long as,on condition that,in case,provided(providing) that,supposing等。As long as you have the right equipment,you can use a telephone line to transmit computer data.2)引导让步状语从句的连词和词组有though,although,whether,even though,even if,no matter what(when,how...),whatever(whenever,wherever,however....)等。though,even if等引导状语从句可转换成含有as的部分倒装结构，具有强调意义。其结构为“形容词（副词、动词、名词）+as+主语+谓语”。No matter what you may say,I would not change my mind.Young as he is,he is quite experienced in this work.(=though he is young)Child as he is,he can speak English fluently.(=though he is a child)*方式状语从句引导方式状语从句的连词有as,just as,as if,as though等。as if,as though引导的状语从句中，谓语动词常用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反。The young man made the experiment just as the teacher had taught him.Everything went on as usual as if nothing had happened.
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首先你必须知道句子成分。英语里一共有七个句子成分：主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，补语。只有谓语没有从句，其它的六个句子成分都有从句。什么叫从句？一个完整的句子用来充当某个句子成分就叫从句；它充当什么成分就叫什么从句。如果你明白了句子成分的意思，那么从句的意思也就清楚了。
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1：投诉信 Dear_______, I am . (自我介绍) I feel bad to trouble you but I am afraid that I have to make a complaint about_______. The reason for my dissatisfaction is ______________(总体介绍). In the first place,_________________________(抱怨的第一个方面). In addition, ____________________________(抱怨的第二个方面). Under these circumstances, I find it ___(感觉) to ____________________________(抱怨的方面给你带来的后果). I appreciate it very much if you could_______________________(提出建议和请求), preferably __________(进一步的要求), and I would like to have this matter settled by ______(设定解决事情最后期限). Thank you for your consideration and I will be looking forward to your reply. Yours sincerely Li Ming 2：询问信 Dear ______, I am _________________________(自我介绍). I am writing to see if it is possible for you to provide me with information regarding_______.(要询问的内容) First of all, what are _________________________________?(第一个问题) Secondly, when will________________________________?(第二个问题) Thirdly, is _________________?(第三个问题) I would also like to inquire _________________________________(将最重要的问题单独成段). Could you be so kind as to send me some relevant booklets on the above-mentioned aspects? Thank you for you kindness, and your prompt attention to this letter will be highly appreciated. Yours sincerely Li Ming 3：请求信 Dear___________, I am writing to formally request to___________(请求的内容) The reason for ______________is that______________________________（给出原因）.I________, so I ___________________________________(给出细节) I would also like to request ________________________(提出进一步的要求). I am sorry for any inconvenience I have caused. Thank you for your attention to these requests. If you have any questions, do not hesitate to contact me at____________(电话号码). I look forward to a favorable reply. Yours sincerely Li Ming 4：道歉信 Dear ___________, I am truly sorry that_________________________(道歉的原因). The reason is that ______________________________________(介绍原因) Once again, I am sorry for any inconvenience caused. Hope you can accept my apologies and understand my situation. Yours sincerely Li Ming 6：建议信 Dear ___________, You have asked me for my advice with regard to _______, and I will try to make some conductive suggestions here. In my humble opinion, you would be wise to take the following actions:_________________(建议的内容) I hope you will find these proposals useful, and I would be ready to discuss this matter with you to further details. Good Luck with your_______(祝愿) Yours sincerely Li Ming 7.求职信 Dear Sir or Madam, I write this letter to apply for the position that you have advertised in____________(报纸名称)of________(广告发布时间). Not only do I have the qualifications for this job, but I also have the right personality for a __________(工作名称). In the one hand,_______________________________(第一个原因). On the other hand, __________________________________(另一个原因). Should you grant me a personal interview, I would be most grateful. If you need to know more about me, please feel free to contact me at any time at _______________(电话号码) Thank you for considering my application, and I am looking forward to meeting you. Yours sincerely Li Ming 8：邀请信 Dear________, There will a ________________(内容) at/in________________(地点) on___________(时间). We would be honored to have you there with us. The occasion will start at ___________(具体时间). This will be followed by a _______(进一步的安排). At around______(时间)，____________________________(另一个安排) I really hope you can make it. RSVP before ____________(通知你的最后期限) Yours sincerely Li Ming一、英语书信的常见写作模板 开头部分： How nice to hear from you again. Let me tell you something about the activity. I’m glad to have received your letter of Apr. 9th. I’m pleased to hear that you’re coming to China for a visit. I’m writing to thank you for your help during my stay in America. 结尾部分： With best wishes. I’m looking forward to your reply. I’d appreciate it if you could reply earlier. 二、口头通知常见写作模板 呼语及开场白部分： Ladies and gentlemen, May I have your attention, please? I have an announcement to make. 正文部分： All the teachers and students are required to attend it. Please take your notebooks and make notes. Please listen carefully and we’ll have a discussion in groups. Please come on time and don’t be late. 结束语部分： Please come and join in it. Everybody is welcome to attend it. I hope you’ll have a nice time here. That’s all. Thank you. 三、议论文模板 1.正反观点式议论文模板 导入： 第1段：Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... （导入话题） Our opinions are divided on this topic.（观点有分歧） 正文： 第2段：Most of the students are in favour of it.（正方观点） Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由) 第3段：However, the others are strongly against it. （反方观点） Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由) 结论： 第4段：Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.（个人观点） オ 2.“A或者B”类议论文模板： 导入： 第1段： Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, argue that B is much better. Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages. 正文： 第2段：There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that ... Another reason is that...(赞同A的原因) 第3段: Of course, B also has advantages to some extent... (列出1~2个B的优势) 结论： 第4段: But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that ...(得出结论) オ 3.观点论述类议论文模板： 导入： 第1段：提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题 As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. （亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对） The reasons for this may be listed as follows. （过渡句，承上启下） 正文： 第2段：First of all... Secondly... Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的理由) 结论： 第3段：In conclusion, I believe that... （照应第1段，构成"总—分—总"结构） 4."How to"类议论文模板： 导入： 第1段：提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题 正文： 第2段： Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all... Another way to solve the problem is ... Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法) 结论： 第3段：These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法) 四、图表作文写作模板 The chart gives us an overall picture of the 图表主题. The first thing we notice is that 图表最大特点 . This means that as (进一步说明). We can see from the statistics given that 图表细节一 . After 动词-ing 细节一中的第一个变化， the动词-ed+幅度+时间(紧跟着的变化) . The figures also tell us that图表细节二 . In the column, we can see that accounts for (进一步描述). Judging from these figures, we can draw the conclusion that (结论). The reason for this, as far as I am concerned is that (给出原因). / It is high time that we (发出倡议). 五、图画类写作模板：1.开头 Look at this picture./The picture shows that.../From this picture, we can see.../As is shown in the picture.../As is seen in the picture... 2.衔接句 As we all know, .../As is known to all,.../It is well known that.../In my opinion,.../As far as I am concerned,.../This sight reminds me of something in my daily life. 3.结尾句 In conclusion.../In brief.../On the whole.../In short.../In a word.../Generally speaking.../As has been stated...写作必背基本句式1． 表明观点与看法 1) People have (take, adopt, assume) different attitude towards sth. 2) People have different opinions on this problem. 3) There exist different opinions on this problem. 4) People take different views of (on) the question. 5) Some people believe that…Others argue that… 2． 说明重要、必要、困难、方便、可能 1) It is important (necessary, difficult, convenient, possible) for sb. to do sth. 2) We think it necessary to do sth. 3) It plays an important role in our life. 3． 表述利弊或好坏1) It has the following advantages.2) It does us a lot of good.3) It benefits us quite a lot.4) It is beneficial to us.5) It is of great benefit to us.6) It has more disadvantages than advantages.7) It does us much harm.8) It is harmful to us.4． 解释原因与结果1) There are three reasons for this.2) The reasons for this are as follows.3) The reason for this is obvious.4) The reason for this is that…5) We have good reason to believe that…6) The reason for this is not far to seek.5． 承认事实与现状1) We cannot ignore (the fact) that…2) No one can deny (the fact) that…3) There is no denying (the fact) that…4) This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in.5) However, that’s not the case.6． 表示变化与比较1) Some changes have taken place in the past five years.2) A great change will certainly be produced in the world’s communications.3) The computer has brought about many changes in education.4) Compared with A, B…5) I prefer to read rather than watch TV.6) There is a striking contrast between them.7． 表达数量增与减1) It has increased (decreased) from …to…2) The population in this city has now increased (decreased) to 800,000.3) The output of July in this factory increased by 25% compared with that of January.8． 采取方法与措施1) We should take some effective measures.2) We should try our best to overcome (conquer) the difficulties.3) We should do our utmost in doing sth.4) We should solve the problems that we are faced with.9． 引用名言、名谚与名理1) It’s well known to us that…2) As is known to us, …3) This is a topic that is being widely talked about.4) From the graph (table, chart) listed above, it can be seen that..5) As a proverb says, “Where there is a will, there is a way.”10． 表示结论与归纳1) In short, it can be said that…2) In conclusion, I’d like to thank…3) It may be briefly summed up as follows.4) From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that…
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