球球阿月
公司治理问题产生于现代公司所有权与经营权的分离，因此股权结构与公司治理的关系是一个“长盛不衰”的研究课题。随着证券市场上股权分置改革的推进，上市公司股权结构更加合理化，全流通条件下股权结构与公司治理问题必将成为研究热点与探讨前沿。由于历史原因，我国上市公司股权结构远比国外公司复杂。近年来，国内一些学者运用国外的理论和实证分析方法，对我国实际情况进行了“本土化”研究，公司治理是财务治理的基础和最重要的环境要素，财务治理是公司治理的核心和灵魂，两者相互联系、相互制约、相互影响。对财务模式的分析首先要对治理结构有所了解，而面对我国公司治理结构和财务模式的不规范现状，本文现对国际流行的公司治理结构和财务模式进行了总结，以求在分析中国财务模式时有所依据。 Corporate governance issues arising from the modern company ownership and the right to operate the separation, ownership structure and corporate governance is the relationship between a "people have" study. With the stock market at stake in the promotion of reform, the equity structure of listed companies rationalize, under the conditions of full circulation ownership structure and corporate governance issues will become hot and research on the forefront. Due to historical reasons, China's listed companies than foreign companies ownership structure complex. In recent years, some domestic scholars use foreign theories and empirical analysis of the actual conditions of our country in a "native" on corporate governance is the basis of the financial management of the environment and the most important elements of corporate governance of financial governance is the heart and soul of the connections between, restraint, and mutual influence. Analysis of the financial model we must first understand the structure of governance, and the face of China's corporate governance structure and financial model does not regulate the status quo, this is the prevailing international corporate governance structure and a summary of the financial model, to the analysis of China be based on financial models.【关键词】治理结构，财务模式，股权结构，股权制衡 Key words: management structure, and financial model, shareholding structure, stock checks and balances
windy幸福快降临
1. 按投资主体的性质股票可发分国国家股法人股和社会公众股。（1）国家股是指有权代表国家投资的部门或机构以国有资产向公司投资形成的股份，包括以公司现有国有资产折算成的股份。国家股仍不能上市流通，只能通过协议方式转让（2）法人股是指企业法人或具有法人资格的事业单位和社会团体以其依法可经营的资产向公司非上市流通股权部分投资所形成的股份。（3）社会公众股是指我国境内个人和机构投资可上市流通股票所形成的股份。内部职工股和转配股也属于社会公众股，除社会公众股、转配股和公司高层管理人员持股之外，其他社会公共股均可上市流通，可以上市流通的社会公众股也称为流通股。（4）由于我国的特殊情况，我国上市公司股票又可分为A股、B股、H股、N股、S股等。 A股：即人民币普通股，是由我国境内公司发行，供境内机构、组织或个人（不含台、港、澳投资者）以人民币认购和交易的普通股股票。 B股：即人民币特种股票。是以人民币标明通面值，以外币（美元或港元）认购和买卖，在上海和深圳两个证券交易所上市交易的股票。 H股：即在内地注册，在上市的外资股，的英文是HongKong，取其字首，即为H股，依此类推，在纽约上市的股票为N股，在新加坡上市的股票为S股。2.股票按照股东的权利可以分为普通股和优先股。 （1）普通股。普通股是股份有限公司的最重要最基本的一种股份，它是构成股份公司股东的基础。普通股有以下几个特征： ①经营参与权。普通股股东可以参与公司经营管理，拥有选举表决的权利。 ②收益分配权。普通股股东有权凭其所持有的股份参加公司盈利分配，其收益与公司经营状况直接相关，具有不确定性，且普通股的盈利分配顺序后于优后股。 ③认股优先权。如果股份公司增发普通股票，原有普通股股东有权优先认购新发行的股票，以保证其对股份公司的持股比例保持不变。 ④剩余资产分配权。股份公司破产清盘时，在其清偿债务和分配给优先股股东之后，剩余资产可按普通股股东所持有股份进行分配。 在我国沪深两市上市的A、B股均为普通股，未上市流通的国家股法人股基本上都属于普通股。 （2）优先股。优先股是指股份有限公司在筹本时给予认购者某些优先条件的股票，优先股有以下几个特征： ①约定股息率。优先股股东的收益先于普通股股东支付，事先确定固定的股息率，其收益与公司经营状况无关。 ②优先清偿剩余资产。股份公司破产清盘时，其分配优先于普通股股东。 ③表决权受限制。优先股股东无经营参与权和选举权。 ④一般不能上市交易。即优先股的流通性受到一定限制。在我国股份制革初期，曾发行过优先股，如上海市场的一汽金杯，北京天龙等等，随着股份制改革的深入和规范，在我国优先股的数量已经比较少，且大多属于历史遗留问题。 拓展资料:股权结构是指不同性质的股份占股份公司总股本的比例及其关系。一般来说，股权结构有两层含义:第一层是指股权集中度。从这方面来看，股权结构可以分为三种类型:1.股权高度集中。绝对控股股东一般拥有公司50%以上的股份，对公司拥有绝对控制权；2.股权高度分散，公司无大股东，所有权和经营权基本完全分离，单一股东持股比例不足10%；3.公司控股股东及其他大股东相对较多，持股比例在10%至50%之间。二是股权的构成。在中国，是指国家股东、公司股东和社会公众股东的持股比例。理论上，股权结构可以按照企业剩余控制权和剩余收益权的分配和匹配模式进行分类。从这个角度来看，股权结构可以分为两种类型:非竞争性控制和竞争性控制。
1024个西瓜
The company governs the question to produce in the modern company property rights and the right of management separation, therefore the stockholder's rights structure and the company govern the relations are one “prosperous” research subject. Along with the stock market in the stockholder's rights mounted cylinder reform's advancement, to be listed stockholder's rights structure even more rationalize, under the entire circulation condition the stockholder's rights structure and the company will govern the question to will certainly to become the research hot spot and the discussion front. As a result of the historical reason, our country To be listed stockholder's rights structure is far more complex than the overseas company. In recent years, the domestic some scholars utilized the overseas theory and the empirical analysis method, carried on “the localilzation” to our country actual situation the research, the company has governed is the financial government foundation and the most important environment essential factor, the financial government is the core which and the soul the company governed, both mutual connection, restricted, the mutual influence mutually. Must first have the understanding to the financial pattern's analysis to the management structure, but facing Our country Corporation management structure and the financial pattern's not standard present situation, this article presently has carried on the summary to the international popular company management structure and the financial pattern, when analyzes the Chinese finance pattern in order to have the basis.
