幸福家居
动词搭配 1. add to增加，增进 add … to把…加进… add up相加 add up to总计，所有这一切说明 1) I don't think these facts will ________ anything. 2) Fifty new books have been ________ the library. 3) The music _________ our enjoyment of the film. 4) You must have made a mistake when you _______ the bill ________. ( add up to, added to, add to, added…up )2. break away from打破，脱离，挣脱，改掉 break down出毛病，身体(精神)衰弱，分解，拆开 break off暂停，中断 break in强行进入，插话 break into闯入break into pieces成为碎片 break out爆发 break up捣碎，驱散，瓦解，学期结束，拆散 break through突破 1) The criminal managed to break _______ ______ the police and ran into the woods. 2) When he heard the news, he broke _______ and cried. 3) Don't break ________ while others are speaking. 4) Why don't you break ________ for a few minutes and have some coffee? 5) When does school break ________? 6) After harvest we break _________ the soil with a tool pulled by two oxen. ( away from, down, in, off, up, up ) 3. bring up抚养，呕吐，提出 bring about造成 bring out拿出，出版 bring in引入，引进，挣钱 bring back使回想起 bring down使下降，使倒下 1) The shopkeeper brought his price _________ to only five dollars. 2) The school has brought _________ new foreign teachers to teach oral English. 3) The song brought ___________ happy memories of our schooldays. 4) Do you know what brought ___________ this misunderstanding? 5) The kind old man agreed to bring __________ the young orphan. 6) We decided to bring the matter ___ at the next meeting. 7) The wind brought _______ a lot of trees last night. 8) Next month they will bring ________ a new edition of the book. ( down, in, back, about, up, up, down, out )4. call on号召，拜访（某人） call at拜访、参观（某地） call for去叫某人, 要求, 需要 call up使回忆起, 征召入伍 call in召集，请某人来 call out大喊，高叫 call off取消，不举行 1) Doctors are often called _____ in the middle of the war. 2) Please wait for me at home. I'll call _______ you at your house at seven tonight. 3) The trains calls _______ several big cities between Beijing and Guangzhou. 4) He called her name __________, but she didn't answer. 5) The sports meet was called ____ on account of the rain. ( in, for, at, out, off)5. come about发生，出现 come down下跌，落，降，传下来 come in进来 come into (sight/being/existence/use/notice/effect) come on来临/ 快点 come out出版，结果是 come along一道来，赶快 come to达到 (an end/an agreement/a stop)苏醒，合计，总共是 come over走过来 come up发芽，走近 come across偶然碰到 come back回想起 come from来自，源自 1) I come _________ the book I lent you last month. 2) How did it come _________ that you both got lost? I thought you had a map. 3) It suddenly came _________ to me where I had seen the boy before. 4) Come __________ now, or else we shall be late. 5) He came __________ me like a tiger. 6) The price of petrol has come _________ since the beginning of this year. 7) The word came __________ use many years ago. 8) When the examination result came _________, he had already got a job. 9)The bill came __________ over a thousand dollars. 10) I sowed the seeds over a month ago, but they haven't come __________ yet. ( for, about, back, on, at, down, into, out, to, up )6. cut across抄近路 cut down砍倒，削减 cut off切断，割掉，断绝关系 cut up连根拔除，切碎 through剪断，凿穿 cut out删（省）掉，戒掉 cut in插嘴 1) Don't cut ___ this tree. It will be very shady in summer. 2) You must cut ________ the number of cigarettes you smoke, or it will cause illness. 3) We decided to cut _________ the moor（旷野） to the village. 4) Cutting the tree ____ means cutting the tree into pieces. 5) The electricity was cut ___________ when the lady refused to pay the bill. 6) We were having a pleasant conversation when Tom cut __________. （down, down, across, up, off, in ）7. die of (disease/hunger/grief/old age)死于（疾病，饥饿，寒冷，情感原因） die from死于（意外事故、情形） die away渐渐消逝 die out绝种 die down(炉火)渐熄 die off逐一死去8. fall behind落后 fall over one's feet 跌跤 fall down掉下，跌倒 fall back撤退，后退 1) Babies often fall _____ when they are learning to walk. 2) Our team seems to have fallen __________ the others. 3) As soon as the enemies fell __________, the people returned to their village. 4) She fell__________ the bench and had her leg broken. （down, behind, back, over ） 9. go in for从事，喜爱，参加 go through通过，经受 go over复习，检查 go up（价格）上涨，建造起来 go after追捕，追赶 go against违反 go ahead先行，开始吧，问吧，说吧 go away离开 go by时间过去 go down下沉，降低，（日、月）西沉 go on(with)继续进行 go with相配，陪同 go without没有，缺少 go out外出，熄灭 go all out全力以赴 go off爆炸，进行，变坏，断电，停止供应 go back on背约，食言 go beyond超出 1) Many new factories have gone __ in the past few years. 2) Rents have gone __________ greatly recently. 3) Many years have gone ___________ since we first met. 4) Let's continue our journey until the sun goes _______. 5) His actions went ___________ the will of the people, 6) I can't do it, for it goes ___________ my duty. 7) Over 100 students went ____________ this entrance examination. 8) The bomb went ____________ and killed ten people. 9) The buyer went ___________ the car carefully before reaching a decision. 10) This tie doesn't go ___________ my blue shirt. 11) If you think you can solve the problem, go ______. 12) Many students went __________ playing basketball. (up, up, by, down, against, beyond, through, off, over, with, ahead, in for ) 10. get down下来，记下，使沮丧get down to致力于，专心于 get on进展，进步，穿上，上车 get off脱下,下车 get in收集，插（话） get away逃跑，逃脱，去休假 get over忘记，越过，克服，从疾病中恢复 get along with进展，相处 get up起床 get through打通电话，完成，通过 get round消息传开 get close to sth. 接近，几乎 get into (trouble) get to (know) get back取回，收回 get out 1) She spoke so fast that I couldn't get ____ what he said. 2) We will find ways to get _________ difficulties. 3) The story has got __________, and everyone knows about it. 4) When I get _________ with the report, I'll go to the cinema. 5) After a delicious meal the two men got __________ to business. 6) Don't always get __________ a word when others are speaking. 7) It took me a long time to get ___________ such an unpleasant experience. (down, over, round, through, down, in, over)11. give away赠送，泄露，出卖 give out发出，疲劳，分发，公布 give off发出（光、热、气体） give in (to sb.) 屈服 give up放弃，让（座位） 1) His accent at last gave him __________. 2) The liquid gave ________ a strong smell. 3) The headmaster gave ___________ the names of the prize-winners. 4) The soldiers gave _________ the town to the enemies. 5) Who will help me to give the books ___________? 6) Don't believe in those who give his friends ________. 7) After a long walk, my strength gave ____________. (away, off, out, up, out, away, out)12. hand in交上，提交 hand out分发 hand down流传，遗传13. hang about闲逛 hang up挂电话14. hold back阻止，隐瞒 hold up举起，使停顿 hold on别挂电话，等，坚持 hold out持续，坚持，伸出 hold down控制，镇压 1) I'm sure he is holding something _________. 2) She managed to hold ______ her emotion until her guests had left. Then she cried. 3) Tell him to hold ________ a moment. I'll come soon. 4) Our food supply won't hold _________ for more than a few days. 5) The train was held ________ as a result of the floods. 6) These measures helped to hold ___________ the city's population. 7) Hold ___________ your left arm, please. (back, back, on, out, up, down, up)15. keep up (courage, English, spirits)保持， keep up with跟上 keep off (grass)不接近，离开 keep away from避开，不接近，离…远远的 keep out of keep to (rules, promise)坚持，遵守 keep on继续，坚持下来 keep back阻止，留下，隐瞒，扣下 keep from克制，阻止 1) The angry lady told the strangers to keep ________ from her. 2) I can hardly keep ________ my tears after hearing his words. 3) Only pride kept her __________ bursting into tears. 4) I can scarcely keep __________ asking him what he has done. 5) "Don't touch me," screamed the woman, "Keep __________!" 6) Keep _________ until you succeed. 7) Keep _________ your courage, and you'll succeed in the end. 8) The thick coat can keep the cold ___________. 9) Always try to keep ___________ the rules when you play a game. 10) I can't keep ________ with everything you're doing. (away, back, from, from, off, on, up, out, to, up) 16. knock at/on敲 knock into撞到某人身上 knock down撞倒 knock out of把…敲出 knock over撞倒 knock off停止工作，休息 1) The boxer soon knocked his opponent _________. 2) The office stuff knocks _________ at six every day. 3) Try knocking __________ the window and see if there is anyone indoors. 4) He was so absorbed in his book that he knocked __________ the car parked there. (down, off, on, into)17. leave for离开前往 leave out删去，遗漏 leave behind遗留,忘记拿走 leave to留给，遗嘱赠于 leave over遗留，剩下，延期 1) "Whose name has been left __________?" demanded the teacher. 2) When he died, he left all his property _____ his niece. 3) He suddenly realized that he had left his umbrella ___________. 4) Don't leave this matter _________ until tomorrow. 5) Leave some meat ___________ for tomorrow. 6) Those are questions left _________ by history. (out, to, behind, over, over, over)18. look up查找，向上看 look through翻阅，浏览 look on旁观 look on…as看作 look into调查 look after/ at / for 照顾/看/寻找 look out(for)当心 look about / around/round四下查看 look down upon瞧不起 look back upon回忆，回顾 look ab. up and down仔细打量某人look ab in the face/eyes直视某人 1) I spent two hours looking ______ the students' papers. 2)Look _______! There is a big hole in front. 3) He took part in the game, and the rest of us just looked ______ and cheered for him. 4) The old man looked _____ upon the days of his youth. 5) She was so snobbish（势利）that she looked __________ upon all his neighbours. 6) The police promised to look __________ the case as soon as possible. 7) He looked __________ but saw nobody, and he listened but hear nothing. (through, out, on, back, down, into, about/around/round)19. make up编造，配制，打扮，组成 make up for弥补 make into / of / from 制成 make out弄懂，发现，看出,填写，开列（清单） make for走向，驶往，促使 1) Can you make this length of cloth __________ a suit? 2) I asked the driver if he was making ___________ London? 3) My father made __________ a check for me to buy the camera. 4) We must make the loss _________ next week./ He tried hard to make ________ for the damage he had done. 5) He made __________ a story, which I found hard to believe. 6) Someone is coming, but I can't make ___________ who it is. (into, for, out, up/up, up, out)20. pass away去世 pass by经过 pass down(on)…to传给 pass through经历 pass over漠视，忽视 1) The old clock has been passed ________ to me from my grandfather's grandfather. 2) The man passed ___________ last week in peace. 3) We are passing ____________ difficult times. 4) The secretary passed ___________ the details in the first part of his report. (down, away, through, over)21. pay back还钱，报复 pay for付钱，为…受到惩罚，因…得到报应 pay off还清 1) How much did you pay __________ the dictionary? 2) You should pay _________ the money you borrowed from me. 3) I'll pay him ____________ for all his crimes(罪行) against me. 4) Some day, you'll pay __________ what you have done today. 5) Has she pay ____________ the debt yet? （for, back, back, for, off）22. pick up拾起，获得(information)，接人，站起，收听，自然习得(language /knowledge)，恢复重获(pick up health) pick out挑选，辨认，看出 1) I picked the information __________ while waiting in the queue. 2) My friend has arranged to pick me _________ at 6:00. 3) The patient has picked _________ health during the last two weeks. 4) She picked _______ the most expensive pair of shoes. 5) I can't pick John ___________ in the crowd. 6) Can I pick __________ VOA with this short-wave radio? 7) He fell down suddenly, but picked himself ___________ quickly. (up, up, up, out, out, up, up) pick cotton/flower/leaves/words选词23. put up搭起，张贴，举起，安装，投宿，安排住下 put up with忍受 put out伸出，扑灭 put off推迟 put into放进，翻译 put away放好，存钱 put down记下，平息 put on穿戴，上映，增加(put on weight/speed) put forward 提出，提前 put through 接通电话 put aside放到一边 put back放回 1) He put _________ half his wage every week. 2) The government soon put __________ the revolt（暴乱）. 3) Put your watch __________. It's slow. 4) He put __________ his hand for me to shake. 5). Please put me __________ to Extension（分机）2. 6) We put ___________ for night at the village inn. 7) He is very proud, and he often put _________ airs.（摆架子） 8) We had a telephone put _____________ in our office. 9) I can't put __________ with your laziness. (away, down, forward, out, through, up, on, up, up)24. pull down拆掉，推翻 pull on匆匆穿上 / off 脱 pull in进站 pull out取出,(火车)离站 pull down往下拉,拆毁 pull over驶到一边 pull through恢复健康,渡过难关,脱离险境 pull up（使）停住 1) The train slowly pulled __________ and disappeared in the distance. 2) All the old houses here have now been pulled ______, and new ones are to be built. 3) The car pulled _________ when I blew the horn. 4) The doctor thinks the man will pull __________. 5) The driver pulled ________ at the traffic lights. (out, down, over, through, up)25. push over推倒，刮倒 push ahead(on, forward)继续前进，坚持下去 push through排除困难办好谋事，努力设法通过，挤过 1) We've decided to push __________ with our plan to build a new road 2) Many trees were pushed __________ in the hurricane. 3) They were determined to push the new rules ________ at any cost.. 4) Take care not to push the baby _________. 5) They pushed ___________ the crowd and at last reached us. (on, over, through, over, through ) 26. run across偶然碰到 run after追逐，追捕 run away逃跑 run for竞选 run into偶然碰到（困难）遇见（人），相撞 run out of用完 1) If you drive so fast, you'll run _________ someone some day. 2) I ran __________ a friend of mine in the exhibition. 3) Our water has run __________. Can you fill up some more bottles? 4) Why do you always run __________ adventure? 5) He didn't want to run ___________ president that year. 6) In that way you will only run __________ difficulties. ( into, across/into, out, after, for, into)27. see off送行 see through看透，识破 see to照料，照管28. send for派人去请 send off送行 send out发出（光亮）等 send up发射29. set up建立 set off出发，触发，引起 set out动身，着手(to do)，陈述 set about开始着手(doing) set to work(n.)开始做 set back拨回，使推迟 1) I shall set my watch ___________ by five minutes. 2) We set __________ reading the text aloud immediately the bell rang. 3) We set _________ at daybreak yesterday and we've been travelling ever since then. 4) I set __________ to advise him not to drink. 5) What were the reasons he set ___________ in his report? 6) The president set __________ a special group of soldiers to guard him. 7) The unpopular law set _________ a series of protests.（抗议） (back, about, off/out, out, out, up, off)30. take off脱掉，起飞 take on呈现 雇佣 take away拿走 take in吸收，领会 take up从事，占用（时间空间） take down记录，取下 take back收回 take for误认为 take along随身带 take over接管 take out 1) I take _________ all I said about his dishonesty. 2) He went to the shelf and took __________ a book of poems. 3) At first I took him _________ a doctor. 4) I can see that most of you have taken ________ everything that the teacher taught. 5) Bill has now taken __________ his father's business. 6) My job takes __________ most of my time. 7) The boss took ____________ twenty people for his new company. (back, down, for, in, over, up, on) take charge of负责, take sth. for granted想当然, take hold of抓住, take pride in以… ……为自豪, take the place of, 代替take turns to do轮流做, take office就职31. think of想起 think of…as把…看作 think out想出 think up想出 think about考虑 think over仔细考虑 think well of sb. 对某人看法好32. turn off / on打开 turn over翻身，反复考虑，翻（书页），翻转 turn out证明为，结果，制造成品 turn to转向，求助 turn down调低，拒绝 turn against变得敌视，反对 turn away打发走，驱逐，转过脸去 turn back返回，转回去 turn round转过身来 turn up向上翻，露面，出现，音量调大 turn in上缴 turn upside down把倒置，弄得乱七八糟 1) The child turned __________ its mother for comfort. 2) Turn ___________ and let me see your face. 3) However much he turned the problem ________ in mind, he could find no satisfactory solution. 4) The English evening party turned _________ a great success. 5) The sight of the accident was too much for her to bear, and she turned _______. 6) The football stadium was full, and many people had to be turned __________. 7) The army turned him ___________ on account of (因为) his poor health. 8) She turned the whole house ___________ in her search for her missing purse. 9) Where did your purse turn ____________? I found it in the snow. 10) The villagers suddenly turned __________ the foreigners who lived nearby. 11) The factory turns ____________ 2000 new cars last year. (to, round, over, out, away, away, down, upside down, up, against, out)高考大全上的祝你成功
baibaicause
对不起啊,这些资料可能对你来说不对,但我只能找到这么多了.还有因为这些资料我是从WORD上复制下来,所以格式上有点乱,请见谅.定语从句1. 定语从句的结构及理解2. 定语从句的关系词的使用3. 定语从句的简化表达知识总结归纳（一）定语从句的结构：在复合句中，修饰某个名词或代词的句子（做这个名词或代词的定语）叫定语从句，定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面，被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词，它与定语从句之间要有一个词连接，这个词指代先行词的内容叫做关系词（关系代词或关系副词：that, which, who, whose, when, where, why）。先行词在定语从句中充当主语，宾语，时间，地点，原因状语。结构：先行词+关系词+定语从句。1. There she saw a wall of water that was quickly advancing towards her.2. In Japan, someone who sees another person making the gesture will think it means money.3. A theme park is a collection of rides, exhibitions or other attractions that are based on a common theme.4. The park has a conservation center that helps protect marine animals and their habitats in the rivers and coastal waters of Asia.5. Visitors can go on exciting rides where they can feel what it is like to do the things they have seen their heroes do in the movie.6. Oprah Winfrey is a black woman whose rise to fame is an inspiring story.（二）定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句：限定性定语从句：从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明，缺少它，则句义显得不完整，从句与先行词紧密相连。非限定性定语从句：对先行词进行补充说明，解释，它与先行词之间有逗号隔开。1. Before she could move, she heard a loud noise, which grew to a terrible roar.2. Tree after tree went down, cut down by the water, which must have been three meters deep.3. Flora, whose beautiful hair and dress were all cold and wet, started crying.4. Their talk includes rhythm and rhyming words as well as tongue twisters, which often make the audience applaud.（三）关系词前面可以根据定语从句的内容加上一些介词，这些关系词在介词后面常用which 或whom.1. There was a man with whom I would have to work together and finally the manager of the company.2. Many people who saw the film were afraid to swim in the sea when they remembered the scenes in which people were eaten by the shark.知识重点与难点（一）当先行词有最高级，序数词修饰，是不定代词，或是all, no, only等形式时，关系代词一般用that，而不能用which。1. The Titanic was the largest ship that had ever been built at that time.2. There is one thing that keeps worrying me.（二）当先行词是表示时间，地点，原因的词时，关系词用when, where, why 还有which, that1. I’m very glad to return to my hometown where I had lived for 10 years.2. This is my hometown which I used to talk about to you.3. I think I can understand the reason why he didn’t tell the truth to me.4. No one believes the reason that he gave us about his absence at the meeting.（三）定语从句的简化表达： 1. The man who is sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University.2. The letter that was mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.3. The question that is being discussed is very important.4. You are welcome to a party to be given in our class at 7:45.说明：以上的定语从句部分可以用更加简单的非谓语形式表达出来：1. The man sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University.2. The letter mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.3. The question being discussed is very important.4. You are welcome to a party to be given in our class at 7:45.说明：修饰一个名词除了后面用定语从句以外，还可以用非谓语动词形式：doing短语，done短语，being done短语，to be done短语修饰。其结构和意思如下：1. 被修饰名词+doing短语： 正在做….的人/正在发生的事。2. 被修饰名词+ done短语： 被…..的人/事3. 被修饰名词+being done短语：正在被…..的人/事4. 被修饰名词+ to be done短语：将要被…..的人/事（1）Do you know the man talking to my sister ?（2）The “crazy” gesture, moving the index finger in a circle in front of the ear, means “you have a phone call” in Brazil.（3）Did you see that car being repaired ?（4）In a camera, the lens must be focused on the object to be photographed.（5）The students to attend the meeting will arrive here tomorrow.（6）Goods imported from abroad are not always better than those made in China.（7）The Yellow River, said to be “the mother river” runs across China like a huge dragon.总结：以上做定语的那些短语就是英语语法中所说的分词，不定式的各种形式作定语。1. 这些短语作定语应放在被修饰名词的后面。如果单独一个V-ing或V-ed形式作定语，则可以放在被修饰名词前面。2. 分词作定语时，其动作应与全句动作同时发生。V-ing表示主动意义和正在做，V-ed表示被动意义。being done表示正在被做的3. 不定式作定语表示将要发生的，to be done表示将要被做的情态动词1. 情态动词的推测表达2. 情态动词表达虚拟语气3. 某些情态动词的特殊用法知识重点与难点总结知识重点：情态动词在表达推测意义的句子中的运用：（一）用情态动词表达事实的推测。can，could，might，may，must可以用来表达对事实的推测。根据说话人对事实的把握性大小，must表示“肯定…”，may / might / can / could表示“可能……”， must只用于肯定句中，may / might的否定式may not / might not表示 “可能不……”, 而can / could可以用于疑问句，表示“可能，可能……吗?”，其否定式can’t / couldn’t 表示“不可能”。用情态动词可以对现在或过去的事实进行推测。对不同的时间内容推测有不同的结构。（二）对现在的事实进行推测：主要结构：…must / may / might +动词原形 be+名词/形容词/介词短语 be + doing例句：1. You must be Jeanne. I’m Mathilde Loisel. We used to know each other very well. 2. They must be in bed already at this time of the night.3. The teacher must be joking.4. Freda isn’t in class. She must be sick.5. There must be something wrong.6. She might be very clever, but she hasn’t got much common sense.7. He may be arriving this evening.8. He may be traveling around the world.9. The keys can’t be in the room. I have just searched it very carefully.10. Can the news be true ?（三）对过去的事实进行推测：结构：情态动词+have done / been+名词/形容词/介词短语例句：1. Mrs. Longmans must have been a pretty girl in her youth.2. He couldn’t have seen Anna yesterday. She’s gone abroad.3. I think I must have left my glasses in the library.4. He might have overslept again.5. Where can Tom have gone ?情态动词表达虚拟语气：表达“本来…”，“不然早就…”。这是情态动词的一种虚拟语气用法。表示说话人所讲的与所发生的事实相反。表达了说话人的埋怨，后悔的语气。其结构是在一些情态动词后面加 have done 结构。根据要表达的意思，有如下结构：should have done / ought to have done：本应该……shouldn’t have done / oughtn’t to have done：本不该……could have done：本来可以……needn’t have done：本来没必要……would like to have done：本来很想……would rather not have done: 本来不愿意……could / might / have done: 不然早就……例句：1. You shouldn’t have laughed at his mistakes.2. You could have told us earlier.3. I ought to have bought that dictionary last week.4. You ought not to have spent so much time in reading novels.5. We need not have been in a tearing hurry to catch the train.6. They would like to have seen that film last film.7. If he had given me his number, I could have telephoned him.8. They might have been frozen to death but for the rescue in time.知识难点：某些情态动词的特殊用法：need 和dare 的两种形式的用法need 和dare可以用做实义动词，后面接不定式（to do）结构，在疑问句和否定句中，加助动词do/does/did/或don’t/doesn’t/didn’t。作为情态动词使用时，主要用于疑问句和否定句中。情态动词needn’t（没有必要，不必）相当于don’t have to例句：1. It is cold, you need to wear some warm clothes.2. Need I stay here with you for a while ? Thank you, you needn’t.3. How dare you speak to parents like that ?注意：句型I dare say+从句。 意思是：我肯定…… = I’m sure或There is no doubt that+从句。例句：I dare say that my uncle will get the money if I die.will和would表示“意志”或“愿意”，would 则指过去愿意做……例句：1. He said that he would help us.2. You may telephone if you will accept this job.would可以表达“过去习惯做……”类似于“used to do”例句：1. When we were children, we would go swimming every summer in that river.表示请求，固定的句型：Will/Would you please do…? / Would you like to do…?例句：Will/Would you please give him a message when you see him ?shall1. 用于第一，三人称，表示“请求”；“建议” 或“推荐”例句：1. Shall we start the meeting now?2. Shall I watch TV now ?3. Shall my son carry the case for you ?2. 用于第二人称，表示“命令，“要求”，“许诺”例句：1. You shall take whatever you like.2. You shall not go to the party with me if you make so much noise again.在表示推测的否定句或疑问句中，常用can /can’t /could / couldn’t表示，意思是：“可能…吗?”；“…不可能…”。而不能使用mustn’t或must等词。与it有关的主要句型it强调句型知识总结归纳：（一）it用做形式主语或形式宾语：根据句子结构的需要，it用做形式主语或形式宾语，而真正的主语或宾语（to do 短语，doing短语，名词性从句）则放在句尾。主要句型：It’s +形容词/名词+连词+名词性从句to do sth.doing sth.find / make / think / feel it +形容词/名词+连词+名词性从句to do sth.doing sth.例句：1. It will become more and more important to have a good knowledge of English . 2. It’s usual for close friends to have similar ideas and beliefs . 3. It’s a pity that I didn’t think of it earlier.4. It’s no use going there so early.5. Out teacher thinks it no good learning without practice.6. Didn’t I make it clear to you that I was not coming ?7. We found it strange that no one would take the money.（二）其他句型1. It takes+时间段+sb.+ to do sth.2. 表示“据说，据报道，/人们认为/相信/建议等It’s said that…….It’s reported that ……It’s believed/thought/suggested that……例句：1. It generally takes time to reach this point—being on the same wavelength . 2. It is believed that the two children went off exploring（探险）on their own and get stuck on the cliff . 3. It’s suggested that we should have a meeting to discuss the problem . 4. It was once predicted（预测）that British and American English would become separate languages finally . （三）it在强调句型中：在英语中，为了突出强调句子的某一个成分（谓语除外），达到强调或使听话人特别注意这一部分的目的。便形成了一种强调句型。It is / was+被强调的部分+that / who+句子的其他部分。It is / was not until+时间+that+句子的其他部分。例句：1. I saw John on my way to school this morning.It was John who/that I saw on my way to school this morning. It was on my way to school that I saw John this morning.It was this morning that I saw John on my way to school.2. It was his best suit that John wore to the dance last night.3. It was not until 1920 that regular radio broadcast began.4. It was the strange way things looked and sounded in my familiar room at night that frightened me so much . 5. It was the kindness and sympathy in their eyes that prevented me from doing so . 知识难点：（一）注意强调句型的变形，即以一般疑问句或特殊疑问句的形式出现的强调句型。1. What is it that Joe can’t find in the bathroom ? 2. Where was it that you met the foreign guests from Australia? 3. I can’t quite remember when it was that we married. 4. Was it because he was very ill that he asked for leave?（二）是强调句型还是that主语从句或其他复合句 1. It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. 2. It is these poisonous products that can cause the symptoms of the flu, such as headache and aching muscles. 3. It was almost ten o’clock when our soldiers came back from the front. 4. Was it in this place that the last king died ?（三）注意强调句型中被强调部分带有定语从句Was it at the air battle on June 8, 1944, which was led by Captain Johnson that Peter lost his life.知识总结归纳（一）概述：主语与谓语的一致：在英语表达中，谓语动词的形式要和主语的人称和数保持一致。主要体现在be动词，助动词do, have 以及一般现在时态中的动词形式。谓语动词与主语保持一致的基本原则：语法一致，就近一致和意义一致。名词或代词做主语有人称和单，复数之分，动词的单数就是第三人称单数形式，而动词的复数形式即动词的原形。例句：1. I am seventeen, and he is sixteen.2. There is a desk in the room, but there are no chairs in it.3. John gets up at six o’clock every morning.4. What is the latest news about the Olympic Games ?5. The family are sitting at the breakfast table.（二）语法一致：1. 由and连接的两个名词或代词做主语：（1）这部分主语表示的是两个人或两件不同的事物，谓语动词用复数形式。例句：① My brother and I have both seen that film.② Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China.③ The poet and the novelist were both present at the meeting.④ Reading, writing and arithmetic are called the three R’s.（2）这部分主语表示具有两个身份或性质的同一个人或一个完整的事物，谓语动词用单数形式。例句：① The professor and writer is speaking at the meeting.② War and peace is a constant theme in history.③ One more knife and fork is needed.④ The statesman and poet was engaged in warfare all his life.⑤ Law and order has been established.⑥ Bread and butter is our daily food.⑦ Fish and chips is a popular fast food.⑧ The stars and stripes is the national flag of U.S.A.（3）这部分主语前面有each, every, many a, no 等修饰时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。例句：① Each doctor and（each）nurse was given a new shirt.② No sound and no voice is heard.③ Many a boy and girl has made the same mistake.④ Every minute and every second is precious.2. 动名词，不定式，主语从句做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例句：① Reading is a great pleasure in life.② To live means to create.③ That we need more time is obvious.④ What is needed is food and medicine.3. 表示时间，金钱，距离，重量的复数名词表示数量做主语时，被视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。例句：① Three thousand miles is a long distance.② Eight hours of sleep is enough.4. 不定代词anyone, anything, everyone, everything, someone, something, no one, nothing, each the other 等做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例句：① Is anybody going to tell him the news ?② Someone wants to see you.（三）就近原则由连词or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, 连接的两个名词或代词做主语时，谓语动词和离它最近的哪个名词或代词的人称和数一致。例句：1. Either you or Jean is to be sent to New Zealand.2. Not only his family but also he likes Chaplin’s movies.3. Neither Tom nor the Browns enjoy their journey to Beijing owing to the bad weather.4. George or Tom is wanted.注意：There be句型中be 的形式由它后面的第一个名词的数决定。例句：1. There aren’t any letters in the mail for you today.2. There is a lamp, two pens and three books on the desk.3. Here are some envelopes and paper for you.名词后面带有with, along with, together with, besides, except, but, like, including, as well as, rather than短语共同做主语时，谓语动词与这些短语前面的那个名词的数一致。例句：1. All but one were here just now.2. A library with five thousand books is offered to that nation as a gift.3. An expert, together with some assistants, was sent to help in this work.4. You as well as I are wrong.（四）意义一致1. 代词none, neither, all的不可数形式还是复数形式由它们指的内容决定例句：（1）All hope has gone.（2）All are agreed on this point.（3）—Is there any milk in the fridge? —No, there is none.（4）None has returned from the meeting.2. 集合名词group, class, family, army, enemy, team等名词的单，复数形式根据它们强调的内容而定。例句：（1）The class were all cheerful.（2）The team were taking over some new plays.（3）The group are reading the newspapers.（4）The army is going to remain in this town.（5）The army have rescued the travelers.3. 限定词短语all of…; none of…; a lot of…; 以及分数/百分数+of ….修饰名词构成的名词短语做主语时，谓语动词的形式由of 后面的名词形式决定。例句：（1）None of these suggestions are very helpful.（2）I don’t think any of us wants to work tomorrow.（3）Two-fifths of the students in the class are from Arabic-speaking countries.难点突破1. 主谓一致的考查主要体现在单项选择和短文改错两个题型中。同学们在练习和应试时，遇到这样的题时，要牢记主谓一致的三个基本原则。一定要根据句子内容抓住关键的主语部分。同时还要考虑句子的时态和语态。2. one of +复数名词做定语从句的先行词时，定语从句中的谓语动词与复数名词一致。 the only one of +复数名词做定语从句的先行词时，定语从句中的谓语动词用单数形式。例句：Jim was one of the boys who were late for class.Jim was the only one of the boys who was late for class.
