余额宝英文文献

研究中小企业融资要参考的英文文献英文图书和期刊类文献：[1]Allen N.Berger,Gregory F.Udell,“Relationship Lending and Lines of Credit inSmall FirmFinance,”Journal of Business,Vol.68,no.3.(1995),pp.351-381．[2]Aghion,P.,Incomplete contracts approach to financial contracting,Review ofEconomics Studies,1992,Vol.59,p473-494．[3]Albertode，M.&JulioPindado.Determinants of capital structure:new evidencefrom Spanish Panel data[J].Journal of Corporate Finance，2001，(7):77-99．[4]A.N.Berger，N.H.Miller，M.A.Petersen，R.G.Rajan，J.C.Stein，2001，“DoesFunction Follow Organizational Form?Evidence from the Lending Practices ofLarge and Small Banks”,Board of Governors of Federal Reserve SystemWorking Paper．[5]Azam,J.P.,B.Biais,M.Dia and C.Mauriel.Informal and Formal Credit Marketsand Credit Rationing in Cote D’Ivoire,Oxford Review of Economic Policy,2001,17(4),520-532.[6]Bernanke,B.S.,M.Gerler.Inside the Black Box:The Credit Channel ofMonetary Policy Transmission[J].Journal of 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Maksimovie.Capital structures in developing countries[J].Journal of Finance，2001，(56):87-130．[14]Bradley，M.，Jarrell，G.A.，&Kim，E.H.On the existence of an optimal capitalstructure:theory and evidence[J].Journal of Finance，1984，(39):857-880.[15]Brander，J.A.&Lewis，T.R.Oligopoly and financial structure:the limitedliability effect[J].American Economic Review，1986，(76):956-970．[16]Chang Chun.Capital structure as optimal contract[J].North American Journalof Economics and Finance，1999，(10):363-385．[17]Cole,R·A·,Goldberg,L·G·&White,L·J·Cookie-cutter versus character:Themicro structure of small business lending by large and small banks[J]·Journalof Financial and Quantitative Analysis,2004,39,pp227-251.[18]Collins，J.M.&Sekely，W.S.The relationship of headquarters country andindustry classification to financial structure[J].Financial Management，1983，(3):45-51．[19]David F.Scott,John D.Martin.Industry Influence on Financial Structure[J].Financila Management,Spring,1975,67-73．[20]DeAngelo，H.&Masulis，R.Optimal capital structure in corporate and PersonalTaxation.Journal of Financial Economics，1980，(8):3-29．[21]Durand,David,1952,Cost of Debt and Equity Funds for Business:Trends andProblems of Measurement,Conference on Research in Business Finance,National Bureau of Economic Research,New York,p215-247．[22]Eli Schwartz and J Richard Aronson.1967.Some Surrogate Evidence inSupport of the Concept of Optimal Financial Structure[J].Journal of Finance.22(1):10-18．[23]Enunza，VR.Determinants of financial structure in the central Americancommon market[J].Financial Management，1979，(3):72-77．[24]Fama，E.&Jensen，M.C.Ageney Problem and residual claims.Journal of Lawand Economics，1983，(26):327-349．[25]Frank M.Z.,GoyalV.K.Testing the Pecking Order Theory of Capital Structure.138Journal of Financial Economics,67:217-248,2003.[26]Gilson，S.Tansaction cost and capital structure choice:evidences fromfinancially distressed firms[J].Journal of 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tax advantage todebt[J].Journal of Finance，1984，(39):841-853．[34]Kester C W.Capital and ownership structure:A comparison of United Statesand Japanese manufacturing corporations[J].FinancialManagement,1986(15):5-16.[35]Kim W S,Sorensen E H.Evidence on the impact of the agency costs of debt incorporate debt policy[J].Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis,1986,21:131-144.[36]Lee Remmers.Industry and Size as Debt Ratio Determinants in ManufacturingInternationally[J].Financial Management,summer.，2002(5),67-78．[37]Long，M.&Maltiz，L.The investment-financing nexus:some empiricalevidence[J].Midland Corporate Finance Journal，1985，(3):53-59．[38]Marsh，P.The choice between equity and debt:an empirical study[J].Journal ofFinance，1982，(37):121-144．139[39]Mcmillan,J.,Woodruff,C.Interfirm Relationships and Informal Credit inVietnam[J].Quaterly Journal of Economics,1999,114(4):1285-1320．[40]Mian,S.,and C.W...Smith.Accounts Receivable Management Policy:Theoryand Evidence,Journal of 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三者的区别是：支付宝是平台；余额宝是理财产品；P2P是个人贷款业务。原因如下：1、支付宝：支付宝是国内最大的第三方支付工具，不是理财平台也不是理财产品；2、余额宝：余额宝是依托在支付宝上的一种理财产品，对接的是天弘基金旗下的余额宝货币基金。特点是操作简便、低门槛、零手续费、可随取随用。除理财功能外，余额宝还可直接用于购物、转账、缴费还款等消费支付，是移动互联网时代的现金管理工具。3、余额宝是蚂蚁金服旗下的余额增值服务和活期资金管理服务产品，于2013年6月推出。隶属于支付宝。4、P2P：是英文person-to-person（或peer-to-peer）的缩写，意即个人对个人(伙伴对伙伴)。又称点对点网络借款，是一种将小额资金聚集起来借贷给有资金需求人群的一种民间小额借贷模式。5、P2P属于互联网金融（ITFIN）产品的一种。属于民间小额借贷，借助互联网、移动互联网技术的网络信贷平台及相关理财行为、金融服务。扩展资料互联网金融（ITFIN）就是互联网技术和金融功能的有机结合，依托大数据和云计算在开放的互联网平台上形成的功能化金融业态及其服务体系，包括基于网络平台的金融市场体系、金融服务体系、金融组织体系、金融产品体系以及互联网金融监管体系等，并具有普惠金融、平台金融、信息金融和碎片金融等相异于传统金融的金融模式。参考资料：百度百科：互联网金融

余额宝属于货币基金，货币基金就是主要投资短期货币市场工具的基金，如投资：央行票据、短期国债、企业债、商业票据、银行定期存单、交易型货币基金等。货币基金在保持基金资产在稳定性和高流动性的基础上，争取获取较高的收益，实现资金安全稳定的回报。拓展资料根据不同标准，可以将证券投资基金划分为不同的种类：（1）根据基金单位是否可增加或赎回，可分为开放式基金和封闭式基金。开放式基金不上市交易（这要看情况），通过银行、券商、基金公司申购和赎回，基金规模不固定；封闭式基金有固定的存续期，一般在证券交易场所上市交易，投资者通过二级市场买卖基金单位。（2）根据组织形态的不同，可分为公司型基金和契约型基金。基金通过发行基金股份成立投资基金公司的形式设立，通常称为公司型基金；由基金管理人、基金托管人和投资人三方通过基金契约设立，通常称为契约型基金。我国的证券投资基金均为契约型基金。（3）根据投资风险与收益的不同，可分为成长型、收入型和平衡型基金。（4）根据投资对象的不同，可分为债券基金、股票基金、货币基金和混合型基金四大类。开放式基金开放式基金（LOF），英文全称是“ListedOpen-EndedFund”或“open-endfunds”，汉语称为“上市型开放式基金”，在国外又称共同基金。也就是上市型开放式基金发行结束后，投资者既可以在指定网点申购与赎回基金份额，也可以在交易所买卖该基金。不过投资者如果是在指定网点申购的基金份额，想要上网抛出，须办理一定的转托管手续；同样，如果是在交易所网上买进的基金份额，想要在指定网点赎回，也要办理一定的转托管手续。是一种发行额可变，基金份额（或单位）总数可随时增减，投资者可按基金的报价在基金管理人指定的营业场所申购或赎回的基金。与封闭式基金相比，开放式基金具有发行数量没有限制、买卖价格以资产净值为准、在柜台上买卖和风险相对较小等特点，特别适合于中小投资者进行投资。