XiangZong12
The four great inventionsPaper: paper is an important chemical processes, the invention of paper is Chinese in the spread of human culture and development make a valuable contribution, is China's chemical history of a major achievement.The paper also before, oracle bones, bamboo slips and silk silk is used for writing, the ancient recorded material. But due to the rapid development of the economy, culture, bones and bamboo can not meet the demand of development, thus contributing to the improvement of writing tools. At that time people began using small silk made of paper, as the ancient Chinese when paper by hemp thread and silk, and preparation method of rough paper, so the quality is not so good. But the hemp thread and silk has its own role, to use them as a raw material for paper-making, would be greatly restricted, and difficult to get rapid development, to meet the cultural life of the requirement to paper.In the new situation request, Cai Lun of Eastern Han Dynasty for the emergence of papermaking to bring new breakthrough in the Eastern Han Dynasty," views on" 2 records:" Cai Lun, talented, dedicated to cautious, every vacation, closed to the guest, aeration body field. Code for the sale, made with bark and spacious cloth, net to make paper. Xing Yuan first year playing, the emperor can, since is not used, the salty called Cai Hou paper". From above, Cai Lun is using bark, rags, net of papermaking. Although before Cai Lun also has a paper, but raw material itself is very limited, and Cai Lun on the new raw materials, to solve this problem. Because the rag, broken fishnet had already finished their task, a waste and used as a raw material for papermaking industry, which plays an important role.Printing: is the working people in ancient China through long-term practice and research before the invention of. About the year before and after 600 years of Sui Dynasty, people from the engraved seal inspired, in the history of mankind's earliest invention of woodblock printing.Woodblock printing is in a certain thickness of the smooth wood, paste copy neat manuscript, thin and almost transparent paper front and wood paste, the word became the body, strokes clear. Engraving workers graver in the suites have writing section is cut away, is a convex embossed font, and font recessed beneath the different steles. When printing, on a raised fonts with ink, and then the paper covering on top of it, gently wipe away the paper back, writing remain on the paper. By the Song Dynasty, woodblock printing career development to the heyday. Woodblock printing on the spread of culture play an important role, but also has obvious disadvantages. The first version, time-consuming material costs, second, a large number of books stored inconveniently, third, is not easy to correct mistakes.The Northern Song Dynasty civilian inventor Bi Sheng invented movable-type printing, woodblock printing these drawbacks improvement. Bi Sheng's Dynasty of an ordinary civilian intellectuals, the person who. He summed up the block printing of rich experience in practice, after repeated tests, the emperor Renzong of evolution years (AD 10411048 ) made the moveable, execute typesetting printing, completed the printing history of a major revolution, about 200 years later, this technology spread to other countries, the development of world civilization process to promote the role of.Gunpowder: is one of the four great inventions of china. Gunpowder, as the name suggests is the ( fire medicine ). Its origins and alchemy are closely related, Bachelor in ancient alchemy alchemy inadvertently material.It is a mixture of saltpeter, sulfur, carbon, and the top two in the Han Dynasty book into Chinese Materia Medica ( first classics of Shennong materia medica by ) have been listed as important medicinal herbs. Gunpowder itself is also come under the drug class, the Ming Dynasty Li Shizhen ( compendium of Materia Medica ) said, gunpowder can cure sore ringworm, insecticidal, provide moisture and plague. The invention of gunpowder is a long-term alchemy pharmaceutical practice results, has been one thousand years of history.The Tang Dynasty, gunpowder has been used for military. The Song Dynasty, the war continuously, promote the accelerated development of gunpowder weapons. The government of the Northern Song Dynasty established a powder mill, has made gunpowder arrow, artillery and other combustion properties mainly weapons and ( bang cannon ), ( lightning bombs ) and other explosive strong arms. The Southern Song Dynasty were created in 1259 to giant bamboo tube, built-in gunpowder ( sudden guns ). To the Yuan Dynasty and the emergence of bronze ( copper Fire Commission, known as the general). These are to gunpowder explosion as the driving force of arms, in the war revealed a hitherto unknown power.In 12, thirteenth Century, the gunpowder first introduced in Arabia state, and then spread to Greece and Europe and around the world. On the civilization and progress of human society, the economy and the development of science and culture, played a role in promoting. The law until the middle of the fourteenth Century, only then has the application of gunpowder and firearms records.Compass : the spring and Autumn period, Chinese working people in the mining, smelting, gradually recognized magnet. To the Warring States period, some people use magnets made apparatus to determine the direction, then called" compass", it is in a along the plate placed on a water scoop like magnet, water scoop handle end of South point. To the late Northern Song Dynasty ( Eleventh Century AD), the Chinese people have created artificial magnet, then created a" guide to the fish", the magnet." Fish" on the water surface, thus indicating the direction. Later, after repeated research and improvement, and the magnetic steel sheet into a small magnetic needle, and makes its tip into the magnetic north pole, end become the south magnetic pole, which became a compass. The Northern Song Dynasty, people create a suitable nautical compass, the maritime industry to a new era. During this period, China 's shipbuilding technology in the world the most advanced. At the beginning of the fourteenth Century, the compass was introduced into Europe from china.
难忘那缕羁绊
黑火药是我国古代的四大发明之一，距今已有1000多年的历史,黑火药是在适当的外界能量作用下，自身能进行迅速而有规律的燃烧，同时生成大量高温燃气的物质。在军事上主要用作枪弹、炮弹的发射药和火箭的推进剂及其他驱动装置的能源，是弹药的重要组成部分。火药最初主要用于医药，这从其命名的"药"字即可见一斑，后来火药传至欧洲才用于军事.Black powder is one of the four great inventions in ancient China, which has a history of more than 1000 years. Under the action of appropriate external energy, black powder can burn rapidly and regularly, and generate a lot of high-temperature gas at the same time. In military, it is mainly used as the energy source of gun, shell propellant, rocket propellant and other driving devices, and it is an important part of ammunition. Gunpowder was mainly used in medicine at first, as can be seen from its name "medicine". Later, gunpowder was spread to Europe before being used in military
凯利的心窝
写作思路：罗列出中国的四大发明，写出这些发明的伟大之处，使用简单的英文句子描写出这些。
正文：
There are four world famous inventions in China, one is gunpowder, the other is compass, the third is printing and the fourth is papermaking.
我国有世界著名的四大发明，一是火药，二是指南针，三是印刷术，四是造纸术。
This makes our ancient China become an ancient civilization.
这让我们中国古代成了文明古国。
China's four great inventions have played an irreplaceable role in various fields of science and technology.
中国的四大发明在各个科技领域中起到了不可替代的重要作用。
Gunpowder. Gunpowder was invented by us.
火药，火药是我们发明的。
What does gunpowder bring us?
火药给我们带来什么东西呢？
It brought fireworks, firecrackers, fireworks, mining, and aerospace.
带来了礼花、带来了鞭炮、用于制造烟花爆竹、用于采矿，还有用于航天事业的发展。
Up to now, gunpowder has played an important role in our history.
到今天为止火药在我们的历史上发挥着巨大的作用。
Compass, China's Zheng He with the compass seven voyages, opened up the Chinese culture into the world's first.
指南针，我国的郑和用指南针七下西洋，开拓了中华民族文化进军世界的先河。
The earliest compass was called "Sinan" in China.
最早的指南针中国人称之为“司南”。
The compass is also used in navigation, as well as for military personnel to locate.
指南针也被用于航海，以及军事家确定方位。
Printing, it is said that a man named Bi Sheng invented letterpress printing.
印刷术，相传有个叫毕升的人发明了活版印刷术。
With the development of modern industry, laser Phototypesetting, digital technology and other new printing technologies will be used in modern life.
随着现代工业的发展，激光照排、数字技术等新型印刷技术将用于现代生活中。
Cai Lun is a great inventor of papermaking in China. He invented papermaking.
造纸术，蔡伦是我国伟大的发明家，是他发明了造纸术。
With the invention and spread of papermaking, the carrier cost of characters has been greatly reduced, thus greatly promoting the development of science and technology and economy in the world.
造纸的发明与传播，使文字的载体成本得到了大幅度的下降，从而极大地推动了世界科技、经济的发展。
The four great inventions have made us proud and promoted the continuous development of Chinese civilization, but now we have some inventions which are backward. For example, papermaking and printing are very advanced in foreign countries. Therefore, we should study hard and master knowledge to make our motherland stronger.
四大发明曾让我们自豪过，也曾推动中华文明向前不断发展，可是现在有部分发明我们已经处于落后局面，比如造纸术、印刷术在外国已经很先进了，因此我们应该好好学习，掌握知识，才能让我们的祖国更加强大。
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