图书馆英文介绍

英国大英图书馆The British Library (BL) is the national library of the United Kingdom and the world's largest library in terms of total number of items. The library is one of the world's major research libraries, holding over 150 million items in all known languages and formats: books, journals, newspapers,magazines, sound and music recordings, patents, databases, maps, stamps, prints, drawings and much more. The Library's collections include around 14 million books[1] (second only to the American Library of Congress), along with substantial holdings of manuscripts and historical items dating back as far as 300 BC.As a legal deposit library, the BL receives copies of all books produced in the United Kingdom and theRepublic of Ireland, including all foreign books distributed in the UK. It also purchases many items which are only published outside Britain and Ireland. The British Library adds some three million items every year.The Library is a non-departmental public body sponsored by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport. It is located on the north side of Euston Road in St Pancras, London, between Euston railway stationand St Pancras railway station.埃及亚历山大图书馆The Royal Library of Alexandria, or Ancient Library of Alexandria, in Alexandria, Egypt, seems to have been the largest and most significant great library of the ancient world. It flourished under the patronage of the Ptolemaic dynasty and functioned as a major center of scholarship from its construction in the third century B.C.E. until the Roman conquest of Egypt in 48 B.C.E. Subsequent to its destruction, scholars used a related library called the Serapeum, located in another part of the city, founded on the collection of Pergamus, which was gifted by Marc Anthony to Cleopatra. This library was described as the "daughter library" and was also a temple to the god Serapis. [1]The library was conceived and opened either during the reign of Ptolemy I Soter (323-283 BCE ) or during the reign of his son Ptolemy II (283-246 BCE). Plutarch (CE 46–120) wrote that during his visit to Alexandria in 48 BCE, Julius Caesar accidentally burned the library down when he set fire to his own ships to frustrate Achillas' attempt to limit his ability to communicate by sea.[2] Edward Gibbondescribes how the daughter library was also destroyed by Theophilus, Bishop of Alexandria, who ordered the destruction of the Serapeum in 391.[1]Intended both as a commemoration and an emulation of the original, the Bibliotheca Alexandrina was inaugurated in 2002 near the site of the old library.法国国家图书馆The National Library of France traces its origin to the royal library founded at the Louvre by Charles V in 1368. It expanded under Louis XIV and opened to the public in 1692. The library's collections swelled to over 300,000 volumes during the radical phase of the French Revolution when the private libraries of aristocrats and clergy were seized.Following a series of regime changes in France, it became the Imperial National Library and in 1868 was moved to newly constructed buildings on the Rue de Richelieu designed by Henri Labrouste. Upon Labrouste's death in 1875 the library was further expanded, including the grand staircase and the Oval Room, by academic architect Jean-Louis Pascal. By 1896, the library had become the largest repository of books in the world, although it has since been surpassed by other libraries for that title.瑞典皇家图书馆The National Library of Sweden(Swedish: Kungliga biblioteket, KB, meaning "the Royal Library") is thenational library of Sweden. As such it collects and preserves all domesticprinted and audio-visual materials inSwedish, as well as content with Swedish association published abroad. Being a research library, it also has major collections of literature in other languages.