城乡融合发展英文

城乡融合发展主要是指城乡一体化。我国在改革开放后，特别是在80年代末期，由于历史上形成的城乡之间隔离发展，各种经济社会矛盾出现，城乡融合思想逐渐受到重视。近年来，许多学者对城乡融合的概念和内涵进行了研究，但由于城乡融合方面涉及社会经济、生态环境、文化生活、空间景观等多方面，人们对城乡融合的理解有所不同。城乡一体化的战略意义：在我国农村人口比重大，城市化进程高速发展的现实条件下，城乡一体化的战略意义将更加突出。1、实现城乡一体化是城乡二元结构转换的需要，尽管我国城乡面貌都发生了很大的变化，但典型的二元结构仍然存在。要从传统的乡土社会向现代社会过渡，就必须要打破传统的二元结构束缚。随着二元结构的转换，城乡间的要素流动和商品交换就构成了城乡间最重要的联系机制。因此，就必须以城乡一体化战略作为城市—乡村协调发展的指导思想。2、“分久必合”——城乡复合系统发展的需要，城市离不开乡村，乡村也离不开城市。城市和乡村本为“一家”，只是随着社会分工及生产力发展的需要，才逐渐从空间上分离，并由此产生了社会、经济、环境等方面一系列的差别。历史上的城乡关系经历了混沌—对立—隔离的过程，然而，随着社会经济的进一步发展，经济的重心将逐渐由城市转向了城市—乡村地域，城乡系统也将趋向统一融合。对城乡这样的社会经济自然复合系统，不应将各亚系统分别对待，必须重视整体综合。在城乡系统中，各子系统的发展是相互依赖的，都要求其他系统的配合与支持。因此，要建设现代化的城市和乡村，就必须以城乡一体化为指导思想和战略目标，采取积极有效措施，保证城乡间的顺利贯通。

一、什么是城乡融合发展？城乡融合发展主要是指城乡一体化。我国在改革开放后，特别是在80年代末期，由于历史上形成的城乡之间隔离发展，各种经济社会矛盾出现，城乡融合思想逐渐受到重视。近年来，许多学者对城乡融合的概念和内涵进行了研究，但由于城乡融合方面涉及社会经济、生态环境、文化生活、空间景观等多方面，人们对城乡融合的理解有所不同。二、城乡融合发展的意义在哪？1.看点一：分“三步走”实现“现阶段推进城乡融合发展，有着现实而深刻的时代背景和重大深远的历史意义，既是破解新时代社会主要矛盾的关键抓手，又是现代化的重要标志，也是拓展发展空间的强大动力。”国家发展改革委规划司有关负责人说，建立健全城乡融合发展的体制机制和政策体系，是乡村振兴和农业农村现代化的制度保障。建立健全城乡融合发展体制机制和政策体系，是党的十九大作出的重大决策部署，是长期历史任务。这位负责人指出，要按照实现“两个一百年”奋斗目标的战略部署，与乡村振兴战略规划紧密衔接，分“三步走”来实现——到2022年，城乡融合发展体制机制初步建立。城乡要素自由流动制度性通道基本打通，城市落户限制逐步消除，城乡统一建设用地市场基本建成，金融服务乡村振兴的能力明显提升，农村产权保护交易制度框架基本形成，基本公共服务均等化水平稳步提高，乡村治理体系不断健全，经济发达地区、都市圈和城市郊区在体制机制改革上率先取得突破。到2035年，城乡融合发展体制机制更加完善。城镇化进入成熟期，城乡发展差距和居民生活水平差距显著缩小。城乡有序流动的人口迁徙制度基本建立，城乡统一建设用地市场全面形成，城乡普惠金融服务体系全面建成，基本公共服务均等化基本实现，乡村治理体系更加完善，农业农村现代化基本实现。到本世纪中叶，城乡融合发展体制机制成熟定型。城乡全面融合，乡村全面振兴，全体人民共同富裕基本实现。2.看点二：促进各类要素更多向乡村流动意见提出，建立健全有利于城乡要素合理配置的体制机制。包括有力有序有效深化户籍制度改革，放开放宽除个别超大城市外的城市落户限制，建立健全由政府、企业、个人共同参与的农业转移人口市民化成本分担机制；制定财政、金融、社会保障等激励政策，吸引各类人才返乡入乡创业；改革完善农村承包地制度，稳慎改革农村宅基地制度，建立集体经营性建设用地入市制度等。

Our country is from the preliminary well-off to the round off transition, whether it is the development or the reform, is in a new historical starting point. New rural construction "new" in where I believe that the new rural construction reflects the objective requirements of China's entry into the new stage of the development of agriculture and rural areas in the city. Starting from a new starting point of the history of China's reform and development, is the core of the new rural construction, according to the people-oriented scientific development concept, urban and rural development, change the dual structure in urban and rural areas, narrowing the gap between urban and rural areas, to promote the integration of urban and rural development, make urban and rural residents to share the fruits of reform and development. To balance the development of urban and rural areas, it is important to set up the new rural construction in the system reform and system innovation foundation. In the next few years, the rural reform should solve the system security, the establishment of the rural public service system and the improvement of the rural public governance.First, expand the scope of public services to cover the countryside, narrowing the growing gap between urban and rural areas China is in the key period of economic and social transformation, how to ease and gradually narrow the gap between rich and poor, is a major economic and social issues. At present, the factors that lead to the widening gap between rich and poor are more and more complex, and the important factor is that the public service is not in place and the distribution is unreasonable. For example, these years of education and medical costs rose too fast, much higher than the growth rate of low-income families can control the growth rate, and become a major factor in the widening gap between rich and poor. Some scholars have estimated that in the various factors that lead to the income distribution gap, the educational factor is about 20%. Therefore, in the next few years to provide effective public services to focus on solving the problem of redistribution, to ease the gap between rich and poor.Imbalance in the supply of public services in urban and rural areas, so that farmers, especially for access to basic public services for rural poverty population, and thus lead to some difficulties of the masses to subsistence and the right to development is very difficult to obtain the safeguard. At present, the gap between urban and rural areas is not only reflected in the level of economic development and residents' income, but also reflected in the government to provide public health, compulsory education, the minimum protection and other basic public products. 2004, China's nominal income gap between urban and rural areas is 3.2:1, if the compulsory education, basic medical and other social security considerations, some scholars have estimated the actual income gap has reached 5~6 times. According to this analysis, the public service factor in the urban and rural real income gap in the ratio of about 30%~40%.We should fully estimate and attach great importance to the important role of rural public service to ease and narrow the gap between urban and rural areas. To narrow the gap between urban and rural areas is not the gap between small and rural economy, it is important to gradually narrow the gap between urban and rural residents to enjoy the public services and living standards, in order to achieve the equalization of public services. Therefore, in the next few years, through for the majority of farmers to provide basic and secure public products can effectively alleviate the growing gap between urban and rural areas, and thus to explore a new approach to the coordinated development of urban and rural areas under the condition of market economy. Recently, the central government has decided to adjust the structure of the national income distribution, expand the scope of the rural areas, and strengthen the government's public services to rural areas. In the future, to do new education, health, culture and other business expenses are mainly used in rural areas of basic construction funds are mainly used in rural areas for the acquisition of land use for rural.How to configure the state financial resources in the new rural construction, some scholars have argued that the new rural construction is the focus of improving the rural infrastructure. The author believes that China's rural infrastructure is relatively backward, moderate to speed up the infrastructure construction in rural areas is necessary, but from the real needs of the majority of farmers of the next few years the focus of national allocation of resources should be put on the supply of basic public goods in rural areas.Two, accelerate the establishment of rural public service system, changing the structure of urban and rural two yuanFrom the national situation, the establishment of public service system is the inherent requirement of the new stage to solve the contradictions of society. At present, the society of our country is faced with two major contradictions have become increasingly prominent, with rapid economic growth with unbalanced development, the contradiction between resources and environmental constraints is the majority of members of the social public demand overall rapid growth in contradiction with the public service is not in place, the shortage of public goods. In the face of the first contradiction, it should take the sustainable development as the center, to further improve the market economy system in the face of the second contradictions, should be in accordance with the people-oriented requirements, to speed up the establishment of public service system. This will not only have a major role in promoting the coordinated development of the economy and society, but also make the reform more extensive social support. To break the urban and rural two yuan system structure to effectively narrow the gap between urban and rural is very important. "Fifteen" period, our country has realized the unification of the urban and rural tax system, this is a historic breakthrough. "Five eleven" period, if we can in the establishment of a unified public service system in rural areas, there is substantial progress, will be a major role in the construction of new rural areas.How to estimate the establishment and innovation of the rural public service system to change, the important role of the dual structure in urban and rural system? From a practical point of view, the serious lack of serious imbalance between urban and rural public service, rural public service system has become outstanding problems hindered the urban and rural development, and become the focus of urban and rural partition. Migrant workers' identity discrimination, household registration system reform is difficult to break through, exacerbated the pattern of urban and rural two yuan system, in violation of the principle of fair and equitable, and thus lead to many new social contradictions. As a direct consequence of the dual system between urban and rural areas, migrant workers are not covered by the city government's public service range, their basic needs in terms of social security, employment, compulsory education, public health and other is ignoring the city. This kind of situation, accelerate the establishment of public service system in rural areas, and thus is based on the establishment of a unified urban and rural public service system, the abolition of the household registration system and eliminate the foundation and condition of migrant workers identity discrimination.

【法律分析】社会学和人类学界从城乡关系的角度出发，认为城乡融合是指相对发达的城市和相对落后的农村，打破相互分割的壁垒，逐步实现生产要素的合理流动和优化组合，促使生产力在城市和乡村之间合理分布，城乡经济和社会生活紧密结合与协调发展，逐步缩小直至消灭城乡之间的基本差别，从而使城市和乡村融为一体。经济学界则从经济发展规律和生产力合理布局角度出发，认为城乡一体化是现代经济中农业和工业联系日益增强的客观要求，是指统一布局城乡经济，加强城乡之间的经济交流与协作，使城乡生产力优化分工，合理布局、协调发展，以取得最佳的经济效益。有的学者仅讨论城乡工业的协调发展，可称为城乡工业一体化。【法律依据】《中华人民共和国乡村振兴促进法》 第二条 全面实施乡村振兴战略，开展促进乡村产业振兴、人才振兴、文化振兴、生态振兴、组织振兴，推进城乡融合发展等活动，适用本法。本法所称乡村，是指城市建成区以外具有自然、社会、经济特征和生产、生活、生态、文化等多重功能的地域综合体，包括乡镇和村庄等。