烟点燃空虚
孔子（前551～前479） 中国春秋后期思想家，教育家，儒家的创始人。名孔丘，字仲尼。鲁国人。 生平 先世为宋国贵族，因避内乱移居鲁国。父叔梁纥，母颜氏 。鲁襄公二十二年(前 551)生于鲁国陬邑( 今山东曲阜 )。鲁国是周公儿子伯禽的封地，素有礼乐之邦之称 。至春秋末，礼乐仍保持完好。鲁国根深蒂固的礼乐传统对孔子有深刻的影响。孔子幼时常以陈俎豆、设礼容为戏。早年丧父，家境中落，年轻时曾做过管粮仓、管放牧的小官。30余岁时开始授徒讲学。鲁昭公二十六年（ 前516），鲁国内乱，孔子不满季氏为首的三桓擅权 ，一度离鲁至齐 ，不久返回。开始整理诗、书、礼、乐，招收弟子日多，影响愈大。鲁定公九年（前501），出任中都宰，颇有政绩 。后升为司空和大司寇。定公十年齐鲁夹谷之会，孔子相礼，鲁国兵礼并用，收回被齐国侵占的郓、灌及龟阴之田。定公十三年，孔子为维护公室，建议毁季孙氏、叔孙氏、孟孙氏等三家都邑，季孙氏、叔孙氏的邱、费被毁后，孟孙氏以武力对抗，孔子计划失败。以后鲁国政局有变，孔子见理想难以实现，遂带领弟子离开鲁国 ，开始了周游列国的飘泊生涯 ，时孔子55岁。孔子14年中先后到过卫、陈、宋、蔡、楚等国，向各诸侯宣传自己的政治主张，但均不见用 。鲁哀公十一年（ 前484)，季康子以币迎孔子，孔子归鲁，时年68岁。鲁哀公和季康子虽常向孔子问政，但终不起用。孔子晚年致力于教育，整理《诗》、《书》等古代典籍，删修《春秋》。其学生将其思想言行记载在《论语》中。 孔子画像 哲学思想 孔子所处春秋时代是奴隶制社会向封建制社会转变的时期，孔子思想中充满新与旧的矛盾，反映了大变动时代的精神风貌。 天命鬼神观 孔子继承了传统的天命鬼神观，视天为万有的主宰和人格神，认为天命主宰着人的生死，也决定着社会的治乱。他主张“君子有三畏：畏天命、畏大人、畏圣人言”，“不知命，无以为君子也”。但同时他又否定周时盛行的占卜活动，提出“ 天何言哉 ，四时行焉 ，五谷生焉”，认为天命就蕴含在自然事物的运行之中。所以他主张“敬鬼神而远之，可谓知矣 ”。《论语》记载孔子“不语怪 、力、乱、神”，并且说“未知生，焉知死”，“未能事人，焉能事鬼”，回避了关于人死后是否变鬼的问题。 《孔子杏坛讲学图》 仁与礼的学说 礼原为中国奴隶社会的典章制度，春秋时“礼崩乐坏” ，礼已名存实亡 。孔子注重社会伦理问题，把礼看成是维护等级制度的重要手段，是区别华、夷的标志。他谴责破坏周礼的行为，对鲁国季氏窃用天子之礼，“八佾舞于庭”极为愤慨，说“是可忍，孰不可忍也”。孔子主张“正名”，试图用周礼的形式去匡正已经产生变化的社会现实，要求人们“克己复礼”。但是，在不违背周礼的基本原则的前提下，孔子同意结合时代的变化对周礼的具体内容有所损益。仁这一概念在春秋时已广泛使用，孔子赋予了它以新的涵义，使其成为中国哲学史上最重要的范畴之一。《论语》记载：“樊迟问仁 ，子曰 ：爱人。”孔子又对子贡说：“夫仁者，己欲立而立人，己欲达而达人。”他认为仁就是推己达人的忠恕之道。孔子仁的思想主要内容包括成为“圣人”和“仁人”的道德理想，认为“仁”具有最高的道德价值，“志士仁人，无求生以害仁，有杀生以成仁”。他重视道德修养，强调自身的努力，即“为仁由己”，“仁远乎哉？我欲仁，斯仁至矣”。要求人们“志于道，据于德，依于仁，游于艺”。他提出了一系列修养方法，如反求诸己；一日三省等 。孔子的仁还包含着爱惜劳动者的思想 ，如仲弓问仁，孔子曰：“出门如见大宾，使民如承大祭。”子张问仁，孔子曰：“能行五者于天下 ，为仁矣。”此“五者”即“ 恭、宽、信、敏、惠”。孔子的“宽”、“惠”表现在统治方法上就是要行“ 德政 ”。所谓德政包括两个相互联系的方面，即在经济上实行惠民政策，政治上宽刑罚而重教化。经济上惠民就是要使民“足食” ，《论语》记载孔子“所重 ：民、食、丧、祭”，主张“因民所利而利之”。政治上宽民就是要反对“不教而杀”的苛政，孔子主张对人民要“道之以德，齐之以理”，反对“道之以政，齐之以刑”，认为只有这样才能培养人民的道德观念，促使人民自觉遵守社会规范。为了行德政，孔子还提出了“举贤才”的政治主张 。《论语》记载仲弓问政，子曰：“先有司，赦小过，举贤才。”他认为还必须考虑到民意，“举直错诸枉，则民服；举枉错诸直，则民不服”。 中庸之道 中庸之道是孔子立身行事的最高标准，他说：“中庸之为德也，其至矣乎，民鲜久矣。”他主张处理事务时，既不能过，又不能不及，认为“过犹不及”。孔子主张恪守“中道”，如《 论语 》记载，孔子提出“质胜文则野，文胜质则史”，“ 文质彬彬，然后君子 ” ；主张“ 德刑并用 ”，“ 宽猛相济 ”；对学生，性格过于进取的加以遏制，对于谦退的加以鼓励。孔子反对过激的言行，但同时也反对不讲原则，“同乎流俗，合乎污世，居之似忠信，行之似廉洁，众皆悦之，自以为是”的“乡愿”行为，称“乡愿，德之贼也”。 知识论 孔子就知识的来源和对知识的态度把人分为四等：“生而知之者，上也；学而知之者，次也；困而学之者，又其次也；困而不学，民斯为下矣。”他虽承认有“生而知之”的圣人，但他所强调的是后天学习，着眼于“学而知之”和“困而学之”的中等人。孔子一生学而不厌，主张“三人行，必有我师焉”，“多闻阙疑”、“多见阙殆”。他还讨论了学与思的关系，认为“学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆”，提倡勤于学习，善于思考，举一反三，闻一知十，触类旁通。孔子主张学以致用，他说：“诵诗三百 ，授之以政 ，不达，使于四方，不能专对，虽多，亦奚以为？”他反对知而不行或“言而过其行”的人。 《孔子周游列国图》 逻辑思想 孔子是中国古代逻辑思想的启蒙者，他提出了“正名”主张，虽然主要是为了实现政治和伦理方面的名分等级制度，但包含了逻辑证明的初步意识。孔子认为言有赖于名，名不正则言不顺。从正名的需要出发，孔子还强调推理在认识中的作用，提出同类可以相推的原则。 美学思想 孔子是中国古代美学的奠基人，孔子的美学思想也建立在他的仁学基础上，他认为要使“仁”的原则得到实现，就要唤起人们自觉行仁的要求。他力图发挥文艺的特殊社会作用，陶冶人们的伦理道德感情，把文艺作为唤起人们自觉行仁 ，建立和谐的社会关系的重 要 手段 ，他提出“兴于《诗》、立于礼、成于乐”的思想，力求使人们对行仁不但“知之”、“好之”而且“乐之”。在美与善的关系上，他主张“尽善”、“尽美”，认为最高的道德境界和审美 境界是同一的 。孔子还要求“ 美 ”和文艺必须绝对服从“礼”，为维护礼服务。 教育思想 孔子是中国历史上首创私人讲学的教育家。传说他有弟子三千，贤人七十。他主张“有教无类”，学生中不少人出身低贱，许多过去无权受教育的平民子弟得以受教育。孔子把培养为统治阶级服务的知识分子作为教育的目的，认为“学而优则仕”，“学也，禄在其中矣”，故而以“文行忠信”作为教育的主要内容，排斥生产知识和劳动技能的教育。他注重道德培养，主张治学要先立人，提出了一整套以道德培养为核心的教育思想 ，提倡“ 学而时习之”，“温故而知新”。他注重言传身教，提倡“知之为知之，不知为不知”的老实态度，要求自己“学而不厌，诲人不倦”。在教学中他讲究教育方法，注重启发 、诱导 ，“不愤不启，不悱不发”，注意有的放矢，因材施教。他是中国历史上影响最深远的第一位教育家。 孔子墓（山东曲阜孔林） 历史地位 孔子的学说博大精深，虽具有一些传统的保守的思想因素，但其主流在当时是有利于社会进步的。所以在战国时代得到了进一步的发展，成为先秦显学之一。但由于历史的原因，汉以前并未受到统治者的特别重视。汉代以后，建立起中央集权的封建统治，孔子的思想适合统治阶级的需要，所以受到重视。汉武帝采纳董仲舒的对策，“罢黜百家，独尊儒术”，正式确立了孔子及其学说在中国思想界的统治。以后，历代统治者进一步采取了神化孔子，提倡儒学的措施，巩固了孔子的至尊地位。孔子的思想对中国封建社会的哲学、文学、艺术、教育、史学等产生了巨大的影响，作为中国传统文化的杰出代表，这种影响波及到东亚乃至全世界 。但在漫长的封建社会中 ，统治阶级出于自身的需要，片面发展了孔子思想中的保守方面，束缚了人们的思想。五四运动以后 ，孔子 思想 的保守性受到了进步思想家的批判。中国的一些学者，包括马克思主义的哲学、史学工作者，对孔子及其思想作了系统的研究和评价，取得了很大成就。孔子思想学说主要汇集在孔子弟子撰写的《论语》中，《左传》和《史记·孔子世家》亦有有关孔子言行的记载。很全了，自己翻译吧！！！
猪妈妈1964
孔子,中国著名的大思想家、大教育家。是儒家学派的创始人。下面是我为你整理的关于孔子的英文简介，希望对你有用!
Confucius (September 28, 551 BC - April 11, 479 BC), sub-surname, Kong, Mingqiu, word Zhongni, Lu Guoyi people (now Shandong Qufu), ancestral home Song Li Li ( This summer Xia Yi), China's famous big thinker, big educator. Confucius pioneered the atmosphere of private lectures, the founder of the Confucian school.
Confucius had been employed by Lao Tzu, led some of the disciples travel around the country for fourteen years, the late revision of six classics, namely, "poetry" "book" "ceremony" "music" "easy" "Spring and Autumn." According to legend, he has three disciples, of which seventy-two sage. After the death of Confucius, his disciples and their disciples to Confucius and his disciples of words and deeds and thoughts recorded, compiled into the Confucian classics "The Analects of Confucius."
Confucius in ancient times was revered as "heavenly holy", "days of wood duo", was one of the most scholars in the community at that time, was later rulers respect for the saints, holy, holy first division, Dacheng The holy text of the beginning of the first division, million Shi table. Its Confucianism has a far-reaching impact on China and the world, Confucius was listed as "the world's top ten cultural celebrities" first. Confucius was revered as the ancestor of Confucianism (non-Confucianism). With the expansion of Confucius influence, Confucius worship became once and even God, and the ancestral god of the country.
Aristocratic origin
Confucius's ancestors are Song's aristocracy, the ancestors of the Shang Dynasty founding monarch Shang Tang. After the beginning of the three prison chaos, in order to appease the aristocracy and descendants of the Shang Dynasty, Zhou Gong to Zhou Cheng Wang ordered the closure of Zhou Zhou's scholar micro-child Kai Shangqiu established Song Guo, Feng Yin Shang worship. Micro-child after the death of his brother Wei Zhong ascended the throne, micro-Zhong is the fifteen ancestors of Confucius Six ancestors were Confucius, said Kong father Jia. Confucius is the master of the Song Dynasty, was a large Sima, sealed in the Song Dynasty Liyi (now Henan Xia Yi), and later in the court of civil strife was too Zha Zhihua killed. Confucius father of the father of Confucius, Shu Lianghe to avoid the Song Dynasty war fled to Lu country's eup (now Shandong Qufu) settled, The official office for the 陬 town doctor.
Sage
Shu Liang He's wife Shi Shi, gave birth to nine daughters but not a son, concubine gave birth to his eldest son Meng Pi, Meng Pi foot disease, Shu Liang He is not satisfied. So Shu Lianghe asked Yan to her three daughters among the legislature as a concubine, Yan's uncle Liang Liang old and impatient, so seek the views of three daughters. Elders and second women do not agree, only the little daughter Yan Zheng in (Yan Zheng in) willing to marry Shu Liang Hehe.
Yan Zheng in the year under the age of twenty years old, and Shu Liang He has sixty-six years old, the age difference between the poor, the two married at the ceremony is different, the couple lived in the Nepalese and pregnant, so that "wild." Confucius in Lu Xianggong in October twenty-two years (Julian calendar 551 BC; Gregorian calendar on September 28, 551. About the birth date of Confucius there are two records, a difference of one year, generally according to " Confucius family "said.) Shen Shi in the town of Changping Township was born.
Confucius Health and seven leaks, the head of the top of the altar (meaning the head depression), but because of his mother had prayer in the mountain, named "Qiu", the word "Zhongni".
Early experience
Lu Xianggong twenty-four years (549 BC), Confucius at the age of three, Shu Liang He died, buried in the anti. After the death of Liang Lianghe, Yan Zheng in the loss of blessing, was Shu Lianghe wife Shi Shi's by, so with Confucius Shu brother Meng Pi and Confucius to Qu Fu Que, lived a poor life.
Lu Zhaogong five years (537 BC), Confucius see its long, has been aware of efforts to study the skills of life and life, so called himself though fifteen years old, but the ambition is to learn.
Lu Zhaogong seven years (535 BC), Confucius's mother Yan Zheng died. This year, the quarterly feast of a nobility, Confucius went to dinner, was Ji 's family Yang Yang shut the door.
Lu Zhaogong nine years (533 BC), Confucius has been nineteen years old, in order to be able to often return to the ancestral home Song worship ancestors, they marry the Song of the people of the daughter of the wife.
Into the career
Lu Zhaogong ten years (532 BC), Qi Guan's son. It is said that at this time just to catch up with Lu Zhaogong carp in Confucius, so give his son named carp, the word fish. Confucius since the 20-year-old, wanted to take career, so the world is very concerned about the matter, the governance of the country's various problems, often thinking, but also often published some insights. Confucius began to serve as a commissioner, management warehouse.
Lu Zhaogong eleven years (531 BC), Confucius changed to ride, management of animal husbandry. Confucius childhood life difficult, so will do some rough work.
Lu Zhaogong seventeen years (525 BC), Tan came to see Lu Guo, Confucius asked Tan to the ancient state of Tan country. Confucius runs a private school before and after.
Lu Zhaogong twenty years (522 BC), Confucius to 30 years old, has some fame, so claiming to be 30 years old before and after the achievements. This year, Qi Jinggong and Yan Ying to visit Lu when summoned Confucius, and he discussed the issue of domination of Qin Mougong, Confucius met Qi Jinggong.
Lu Zhaogong twenty-four years (BC 518), Meng Yizi and the South Palace King Shu learn from Confucius. According to legend, Confucius and the palace of the uncle of the week asked the ceremony in the old Dan, asked happy Changhong.
Lu country civil strife
Lu Zhaogong twenty-five years (517 BC), Lu occurred civil strife. Lu Zhaogong was forced to flee to Qi, Confucius also left Lu, to Qi, Qi Jinggong by the appreciation and favor, and even prepared to Nixi area of the field sealed to Confucius, but was stopped by the doctor Yan Ying.
Lu Zhaogong twenty-six years (BC 516), Qi Jinggong asked the government in Confucius, Confucius said the king to be like a king, the minister to be like a minister, the father to be like a father, son like a son. Confucius got the appreciation of Qi Jinggong, King of the prince to Nixi of the territory of Confucius, Yan was blocked. Confucius in the smell of "Shao" music, such as drunk, March do not know meat.
Lu Zhaogong twenty-seven years (515 BC), Qi's doctor would like to impose Confucius, Confucius heard after the Qi Jing Gong for help, Qi Jinggong said he was old, can not be used. Confucius had fled back to Lu.
Lu Zhaogong twenty-eight years (514 BC), Jin Wei Xianzi in power, Juxian regardless of sparse. Confucius believes that this is the righteousness, in the near will not be buried with their close and virtuous people, in the distance will not be buried by the people who are recommended and virtuous people, it can be said to be righteous.
Lu Zhaogong twenty-nine years (513 BC) winter, Jin cast torture tripod tripod Confucius believes that the demise of Jin, mainly because the rulers do not have a good system and program.
Lu Zhaogong three years (512 BC), Confucius has 40 years old, Confucius after several decades of tempering, a variety of problems with life have a clear understanding, so claiming 40 years old is not puzzled.
Out of repair
Lu Dinggong six years (504 years ago), Ji family chen Yang tiger right to re-weight. Confucius called the housekeeping. So Confucius did not take office, retired and repair "poetry", "book", "ceremony", "music", many disciples followed Confucius traveled all over the country, follow him to learn. Yang tiger want to see Confucius, and Confucius did not want to see Yang tiger, then the two met on the road. Yang tiger to persuade Confucius, Confucius did not clear position, then Confucius was promoted to Sagong.
Lu Dinggong eleven years (499 BC), Confucius was promoted to Lu Guodian Secretary Kou, photo things, seven days and punish less Zhengmao, exposed dead three days, Lu Guozhi.
Leave Lu country
Lu Dinggong twelve years (BC 498), Confucius to weaken the three huan (Ji Sun's, Shu Sun, Meng Sun's three world, because it is Luhuan Gong's three sons of the offspring, so called Sanhuan. At that time the real power of the state of Lu in their hands, and Sanhuan some of the retainers in varying degrees to control the three huan) to take the three measures are destroyed, demolished the castle built by Sanhuan. And later destroyed three of the action halfway, Confucius and Sanhuan contradictions also will be exposed.
Lu Dinggong thirteen years (497 BC) spring, Qi sent 80 beauty to Lu country. Ji Huanzi accepted the female music, monarch and minister obsessed with song and dance, many days ignore the government. Confucius and Jishi appear discord. Confucius is very disappointed. Soon after Lu's suburbs were sacrificed, sacrifices were given to the daughters and sent to Confucius by convention. This shows that Jishi did not want to appoint him again. Confucius left Lu in the last resort and went abroad to find a way out, Began a journey around the country, this year, Confucius 55 years old.
Travel around the country
Lu Dinggong fourteen years (BC 496), Confucius led his disciples to leave the country came to the country. Confucius in the Wei Guo was Wei Linggong wife Nanzi summoned. Confucius' disciple gave criticism of Confucius on the subject of Confucius seeing Nanzi. Zheng's son died, Confucius heard the news, very sad, praised the sub-production is handed down from the ancient people of mercy.
Confucius with his disciples first to the Guardian, Wei Ling public began to respect the Confucius, according to Lu's salary standard issued to the Confucius salary Yu 60,000, but did not give him any official, did not let him participate in political affairs. Confucius lived in Wei Guo for about 10 months, because some people in the Wei Ling Gong forward calumny, Wei Ling Gong Confucius from the suspicion, sent to openly monitor the action of Confucius, so Confucius with disciples left the country, intended to Chen The
Confucius passing Kuangcheng (now Henan Suixian), due to misunderstanding was besieged 5 days, fleeing Kuancheng, to the land, but also hit the guardian of the nobility of the United States launched a rebellion, once again surrounded. After the escape, Confucius returned to the country, Wei Ling public heard Confucius mentoring return from the land, very happy, personally meet the city. Confucius several times after leaving the country, and several times back to the country, this is because Wei Ling Gong Confucius good and bad, on the other hand, Confucius left the country, there is no place, had to return to the country.
Lu Dinggong fifteen years (495 BC), Confucius left the country back to Lu.
Lu Ai Gong year (494 BC), Wu made people to hire Lu, "joint car" asked Confucius.
Lu Ai Gong two years (493 BC), Confucius from the country came to the country. Wei Ling public question array in Confucius, Confucius politely refused to Wei Ling public. Confucius does not live in Wei Guo, leaving Wei Guo westbound. After Cao to Song. Song Ma Huan hated Confucius, threatened to harm Confucius, Confucius micro-service line.
59-year-old Confucius left the Wei Guo Jing Cao, Song Guo, Zheng Guo to Chen Guo, Chen Guo then sent a servant to the Confucius mentor besieged in the halfway, before the village, not after the shop, with food Finished, the food for seven days, the last son of the tribute to find Chu, Chu sent troops to pay homage to Confucius, Confucius mentor was removed from death.
Lu Ai Gong three years (492 BC), Confucius sixty years old, said his own time, can correctly treat a variety of remarks, do not feel smooth. Confucius was too Zheng to Chen Guo, in the city of Zheng and his disciples lost in the East Gate waiting for his disciples to find, was ridiculed, said his depressed look like a funeral dog.
Lu Ai Gong four years (491 BC), Confucius left Chen Guo, came to Cai.
Lu Ai public five years (490 BC), Confucius came from Cai Guo Ye country. Ye Guogun left the government to Confucius and discussed with Confucius about the moral issues of integrity. On the way to leave Cai country to return to Cai, Confucius met an anonymous person.
Lu Ai Gong six years (489 BC), Confucius and his disciples in Chen Guo, Cai Guo suffered between the food, many disciples because of hungry hunger, after the Chu people to save. Returned from the country by the Wei Guoguo, on the way and hidden friends.
Lu Ai Gong seven years (488 BC), Confucius returned to the country, advocated in the country for the government to name the first name.
Lu Ei eight years (487 BC), Wu country crusade against Lu, Wu defeated. Confucius' disciples have meritorious service.
Lu Ai Gong ten years (485 BC), Confucius in the Wei, Confucius's wife Qi Guan's death.
Lu Ai Gong eleven years (484 BC), Qi sent factions to Lu, Confucius disciples Ran seeking handsome division and Qi war, won. Ji Kangzi asked Ran to command from where to come, Ran said to learn from Confucius. 68-year-old Confucius in his disciples Ran seeking the effort, the quarter Kangzi sent to the currency of Confucius to Lu. Confucius traveled around the country for 14 years. Confucius is still determined to be in politics, but still being honored. Ji Kangzi want to perform Tian Fu, Confucius opposed. Ran has to say that a person's behavior is not a gentleman's behavior, should use his ritual to judge. Charity, will pay from the heavy. When doing things, will do the middle of the line. When you die, you will be buried on their own.
Back to Lu
During the twelve years (483 BC), Confucius continued to pursue education and order work. This winter, the son of Confucius hole carp died.
Lu Ai Gong thirteen years (482 BC), Confucius has 70 years old, said he was acting at this time can not go beyond the rules.
Confucius in the troubled times advocated by the benevolent government did not cast space, but in the three months of the rule of Lu, the powerful Qi also fear the talent of Confucius, shows that Confucius worthy of the title of outstanding politicians. Political disagreement, so that Confucius will be a large part of the energy used in education. Confucius served as Lu Guoshen Kou, after carrying his disciples travel around the country, to the East to ask me. Eventually returned to Lu, concentrate on coaching. Confucius broke the monopoly of education, created a private school pioneer, disciples up to three thousand people, including sage seventy-two, is the famous seventy-two Magi. Seventy-two people in many countries for the senior officials pillars, but also for the Confucian school continued glory. This "seventy-two Magi", and a few times back to Confucius is the favorite disciple.
This year, Yan back to his death, Confucius is very sad, feeling to the past had to follow their own from Chen Guo to Cai students, but at this time are not taught around.
Lu Ai Gong fourteen years (481 BC) spring, West hunting was Lin. Confucius thought it was not a good sign, saying that I was poor. So stop repair "Spring and Autumn". In June the same year, Qi Guo Chen Hengqi Qi Qiu Gong, Confucius fast bathing for three days, Confucius see Lu Ai public, asked Lu to send troops to crusade Chen Heng, did not get support. Confucius and Ji Sun asked to send troops, the results were rejected.
Driving the crane back to the West
Lu Ai Gong fifteen years (480 BC), Confucius another proud of the child died in the United States and civil strife, but also chop into the meat sauce. After this series of blows, Confucius knew he was not much time.
On the fourth day of February (April 4, 479 BC), Zigong came to see Confucius, and Confucius was able to cross the door in front of him. He asked the tribute why so late to see themselves. So sigh that Taishan will collapse, beam pillars will be broken decay, and philosophers will be like vegetation as withered rot. Confucius shed tears, talked about the world has been a long time for a long time, no one is willing to adopt their own ideas. Own ideas can not be achieved. Xia Dynasty people died in the East Side funeral, the people of the week when the death of the West in the funeral, the Shang Dynasty died when the two between the column. Yesterday evening dreamed of sitting between the two Ying memorial, his ancestors is the businessman ah.
小二2004
In other words, it's about thoughts and theories that teach other people lessons about principles, or rules, about life and it also teaches you a moral ( sort of like the morals that are at the end of a fable). Confucius is famous for his philosophy because he made many wise sayings in ancient China that helped many people learn about nature, the world, and the human behavior. He also helped the government and the emperor by teaching them lessons on how the emperor should rule his kingdom successfully. Confucius was born in a poor family in the year 551 B.C., and he was born in the state of Lu. His original name was K'ung Ch'iu. His father, commander of a district in Lu, died three years after Confucius was born, leaving the family in poverty; but Confucius nevertheless received a fine education. He was married at the age of 19 and had one son and two
鹤顶红IF
介绍：
孔子（公元前551年9月28日―公元前479年4月11日） ，子姓， 孔氏，名丘，字仲尼，春秋末期鲁国陬邑（今山东曲阜）人，祖籍宋国栗邑（今河南夏邑），中国古代思想家、教育家，儒家学派创始人。他开创了私人讲学的风气，倡导仁、义、礼、智、信。
孔子曾带领部分弟子周游列国前后达十三年，晚年修订六经即《诗》《书》《礼》《乐》《易》《春秋》。相传孔子曾问礼于老子，有弟子三千，其中贤人七十二。孔子去世后，其弟子及其再传弟子把孔子及其弟子的言行语录和思想记录下来，整理编成儒家经典《论语》。
Introduction:
Confucius (September 28, 551 BC - April 11, 479 BC), Zi's surname, Confucius, Mingqiu, Zhongni, a member of Luguo Haoyi (now Qufu, Shandong Province) in the late Spring and Autumn Period, was born in Liyi,
Song Dynasty (now Xiayi, Henan Province), an ancient thinker, educator and founder of Confucianism. He initiated the atmosphere of private lectures and advocated benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faith.
Confucius led some disciples around the world for thirteen years. In his later years, he revised the Six Classics: Poetry, Book, Ritual, Music, Yi, Spring and Autumn. According to legend,
Confucius once asked etiquette to Lao Tzu, with disciples three thousand, among whom seventy-two were sages. After the death of Confucius, his disciples and their reincarnated disciples recorded the words,
deeds and thoughts of Confucius and his disciples and compiled them into the Confucian classic The Analects of Confucius.
扩展资料
人物生平
贵族出身
孔子的祖上是宋国栗邑（今河南夏邑）的贵族 ，先祖是商朝开国君主商汤。周初三监之乱后，为了安抚商朝的贵族及后裔，周公以周成王之命封商纣王的亲兄长微子启 于商丘建立宋国，奉殷商祀。微子启死后，其弟微仲即位，微仲是孔子的十五世祖。六世祖得孔氏，是为孔父嘉。
孔父嘉是宋国大夫，曾为大司马，封地位于宋国栗邑，后来在宫廷内乱中被太宰华督所杀。孔父嘉子木金父，木金父生孔防叔，孔防叔的孙子叔梁纥就是孔子的父亲，叔梁纥为避宋国战乱逃到鲁国的陬邑（今山东曲阜）定居，其官职为陬邑大夫。
圣人降世
叔梁纥的正妻施氏，生了九个女儿却没有一个儿子，小妾为他生了长子孟皮，孟皮有足疾，叔梁纥很不满意。于是叔梁纥请求颜氏让她三个女儿之中的一个立为妾，颜氏念叔梁年老且性情急躁，于是征求三个女儿的意见。长女和次女都不同意，只有小女儿颜徵在愿嫁叔梁纥。
颜徵在时年不满二十岁，而叔梁纥已经六十六岁，年龄相差悬殊，两人为婚于礼不合，夫妻在尼山居住并且怀孕，故谓之“野合”。孔子在鲁襄公二十二年十月 [10] （儒略历公元前551年；格里历公元前551年9月28日。关于孔子出生年月有两种记载，相差一年，一般依《史记·孔子世家》说。）申时于陬邑昌平乡诞生。
Paul Mauriat's History
Aristocracy
Confucius'ancestors were aristocrats of Liyi in Song Dynasty (Xiayi in Henan Province today). His ancestors were Shang Tang,
the founding monarch of Shang Dynasty. In order to appease the nobles and descendants of the Shang Dynasty after the three prison rebellions in the early Zhou Dynasty, the Duke of Zhou appointed King Zhou Chengwang to confer on Weiziqi, the elder brother of the Shang King,
to establish the Song Dynasty in Shangqiu and worship the Yin Shang Dynasty. After the death of the son, his brother Wei Zhong ascended the throne and Wei Zhong was Confucius's fifteen ancestor.
The sixth generation was born by Kong's father. Confucius Father Jia was a doctor of the Song Dynasty. He was once a master of the Song Dynasty. He was feuded in Liyi of the Song Dynasty.
Later, he was killed by the superintendent Huadu in the court civil strife. Father Confucius Jiazi Mu Jinfu, father Mu Jinfu, was born to Uncle Kong Fang. Uncle Liang Wan, grandson of Uncle Kong Fang,
was the father of Confucius. Uncle Liang Wan fled to Luyi (now Qufu, Shandong Province) to settle down in order to avoid the war of Song Dynasty. His official post was Doctor Wanyi.
The saints descended to the world
Shu Liangwan's wife, Shi Shi, had nine daughters but no son. The concubine gave birth to his eldest son, Mengpi, who had foot disease. Shu Liangwan was very dissatisfied. So Shulianghe asked Yan to let one of her three daughters be a concubine. Yan was very old and impatient,
so he asked for the advice of her three daughters. Both the eldest daughter and the second daughter disagreed. Only the younger daughter, Yan Zheng, was willing to marry uncle Liang.
Yan Zheng was under 20 years old at that time, while Shu Liangwan was 66 years old. There was a great difference in age. They were not married because of the incompatibility of etiquette. The couple lived in Nishan and became pregnant.
Confucius was in October [10] of the 22nd year of Luxiang Gong (551 B.C. in Julian calendar and 28 September 551 B.C.
in Gregorian calendar). There are two kinds of records about Confucius'birth date, one year apart. Generally speaking, according to the History of Confucius, Confucius Family. Shen was born in Pingxiang, Changyi.
参考资料：
百度百科-孔子
可可奈美
Confucius (551 years before the Sept.28 479 BC April 11 ),styled Zhong Ni.Middle child,the Han people,the Spring and Autumn period of the State of Lu.Confucius was a great thinker of ancient China and educator,founder of Confucianism,one of the world's most famous cultural figures.Compilation of China's first chronological history books,"Spring and Autumn." According to the records,Confucius was born in Lu Yi Zou,Changping Town (now southeast of Qufu City,Shandong Province town of Nan Xin Lu Yuen Estate)。Confucius died ,at age 73, buried in Surabaya on the north of Qufu, which today Konglin location.Words and deeds of Confucius thought the main body of essays contained in the quotations from "The Analects" and the Qin and Han saved under the "Historical Records family of Confucius."
遥遥望沙飞
孔子生平：
In the 24th year of duke xiang of lu (549 BC), when Confucius was three years old, shuliang he died.
（鲁襄公二十四年（公元前549年），孔子3岁时，叔梁纥病逝。）
In the eleventh year of the reign of duke zhao of lu (531 BC), Confucius took charge of animal husbandry.
（鲁昭公十一年（公元前531年），孔子改作乘田，管理畜牧。）
Because of the hard life when I was young, I could do some rough work.
（因小时候生活艰难，所以会干一些粗活。）
In the 27th year of duke zhao of lu (515 BC), a doctor of the state of qi wanted to harm Confucius.
（鲁昭公二十七年（公元前515年），齐国的大夫想加害孔子，孔子听说后向齐景公求救。）
Duke jing of qi said he was too old to use it.
（齐景公说自己老了，不能用了。）
Confucius had to flee to the state of lu.
（孔子只好仓皇逃回鲁国。）
In the third year of ai gong of lu (492 BC), Confucius was 60 years old.
（鲁哀公三年（公元前492年），孔子60岁，称自己这时候，能正确对待各种言论，不觉得不顺。）
On February 11 (April 11, 479 BC), Confucius fell ill and died at the age of 73.
（鲁哀公十六年二月十一日（公元前479年4月11日），孔子患病不愈而卒，终年73岁。）
孔子思想：
An important proposition of Confucius' thought of governing history is "straightness".
（孔子治史思想的一个重要主张就是“直”。）
That is to study history to seek truth from facts, not only to pay attention to the basis, but also to "know for know.
（即研究历史要实事求是，不但要重视根据，而且要“知之为知之，不知为不知”（《为政》）。）
扩展资料
孔子言论著作：孔子的言论主要记录在《论语》中。《论语》是儒家学派的经典著作之一，由孔子的弟子及其再传弟子编撰而成。它以语录体和对话文体为主，记录了孔子及其弟子言行，集中体现了孔子的政治主张、伦理思想、道德观念及教育原则等。
《论语》与《大学》、《中庸》、《孟子》在南宋后并称“四书”。通行本《论语》共二十篇。《论语》的语言简洁精炼，含义深刻，其中有许多言论至今仍被世人视为“微言大义”。
参考资料来源：百度百科-孔子
