蔓陀花主
如何学好语法知识是值得每个学生深刻思考和体会的。接下来是我为大家整理的 九年级英语 语法知识点整理归纳,希望大家喜欢!
九年级英语语法知识点整理归纳一
一、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别
现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去,以现在的时间为基点,但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响,与现在有关,其结构为“助动词 have (has) + 过去分词”;过去完成时则是一个相对的时态,已过去时间为基点,它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去,更强调“过去的过去”,只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时,才用到它。
比较:I have learned 1000 English words so far.到目前为止我已经学会了 1000 个 英语单词 。
I had learned 1000 English words till then.到那时为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。
— I'm sorry to keep you waiting. 对不起,让你久等了。
— Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes.没什么,我只等了几分钟。(“等”的动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在)
二、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别
虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,但在使用时应注意以下几点:
1. 时间状语不同:过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”;而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。
比较:They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.
They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.
2. 在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时,谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断:先发生的用过去完成时,后发生的则用一般过去时。
She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too.She had just won the first in the composition competition.
3. 当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用 and 或 but 连接时,按时间顺序,只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时;另外,在 before , after , as soon as 引导的从句中,由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后,因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。
He entered the room, turned on the light and read an eveningpaper.
Ⅰ. MultipleChoices.
1.I lost the dictionary I ________.
A.have bought B.bought C.had bought D.had been bought
2.The train had gone when my brother _______ at the station.
A.have arrived B.arrived C.had arrived D.am arriving
3. Mary _______ of visiting her grandmother, but the bad weathermade her change her mind.
A.has thought B.thought C.had thought D.had been thought
4.------Did you meet Tom at the airport? ------No,he _______ by the time I______ there.
A.has left;got B.had left;arrived C.left;arrived D.left;had got
5.-------Why didn’t Tom attend the meeting yesterday? -------He __________ Beijing.
A.has gone to B.had gone to C.went to D.had been to
6.-------I _______ to come to help you. ------But you didn’t come.
A.have meant B.had meant C.meant D.will mean
7.Finally one of my friends _______ by Beijing University,for which she ___ five timA.were admitted; had tried B.was admitted; had tried C.were admitted; has tried D.was admitted; tried
8.------I have bought you the books you want. ------Oh,good,I _______ afraid you had forgotten.
A.was B.am C.had been D.have been
9.We _________ four thousand new words by the end of last year.
A.had learned B.have learned C.learned D.will have learned
10.Helen _______her keys in theoffice so she had to wait until her husband ______home.
A.has left;comes B.left;had come C.had left;came D.had left;would come
11. My father _________ to the hospital when I hurried home.
A. had gone B. went C. had been taken D. had been sent
12. ----- Jim, ________ you _________ your homework?
----- Yes, of course, but I ________ it late bed time.
A. do do; finished B. did do; had finished C. have done; hadfinished D. have done; finished
13. You ____ football after school. Why not go home and do yourhomework first?
A. always played B. are always playing C. have always played D.have always been playing
es
14. Eversince Picasso’s painting went on exhibit, there ____ large crowds at the museumevery day.
A. is B. has been C. have been D. had been
15. ---What do you think of my suggestion? --- Sorry. What’s that?I _____ about something else.
A. was thinking B. thought C. am thinking D. had thought
Ⅱ. Fill in theblanks according to the meanings of the sentences by using tenses of the verbs.
1. How many English songs ___________ she __________ (learn) bythe end of last month?、
2. Hardly _______ I ______ (get) on the bus when it started tomove
3. He __________________(read) the book before he was ten yearsold.
4. She said she ___________________ (see) the film before.
5. Our English teacher _________________ (teach) English inGuangxi for ten years before he came to No.113 Middle School.
6. By the end of last month, they _________________(complete)thebridge .
7. No sooner ________ I _______ (go) out than he came to see me.
89. The classroom _______________ (clean) before we ___________(get) there yesterday.
10. ________ the boy ___________ (finish) his homework before yousaw him?
11. When we got to the station, the train _____________ already_____________. (leave)
12. The book __________ by the end of last month. (finish)
13. When I got back to the shop , my bag _________________ (take)away by someone else.
14. When I arrived at the cinema, the film _________________ (be)on for ten minutes.
15. ---What’s that terrible noise?
---The neighbors ______ (prepare) for a party.
16. The mayor of Beijingsays that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics ______ ( complete) by2006.
17. The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, ______(visit) a museum when the earthquake struck.
18. ---Mr. Johnson didn’t turn up at the meeting yesterdaymorning, did he?
--- No. We __________ (wait) till twelve o’clock. A whole morningwas wasted.
19. ---Why haven’t you asked her to come here?
---She _______ (do) an important experiment when I found her andshe ________ (not, finish) it.
答案:
Keys:
Ⅰ. 1-5 CBCBB 6-10BBAAC 11-15. DDBCA
Ⅱ. 1. had learnt2. had got 3. had read 4. had seen 5. had taught 6. had completed 7. had gone8. had gone 9. had been cleaned, got 10. Had finished 11. had left 12. had beenfinished 13. had been taken 14. had been on 15. are preparing 16. will havebeen completed 17. was visiting 18. were waiting 19. was doing, hasn’t finished
九年级英语语法知识点整理归纳二
语法:直接引语变间接引语。
直接引用别人的话叫直接引语,用来转述别人的话叫间接引语。例:
Hesaid,"HewillgotoBeijingtomorrow."(直接引语)
HesaidthathewouldgotoBeijingthenextday.
直接引语变间接引语时时态、人称及一些时间或个别词都要做相应的改变。
①时态:
一般现在时→一般过去时一般将来时→过去将来时
现在进行时→过去进行时一般过去时→过去完成时
现在完成时→过去完成时
_真理性的 句子 时态不变。例:
Hesaid:"Thesunrisesintheeast."
Hesaidthatthesunrisesintheeast.
他说太阳从东方升起。
②时间:
now→then,lastmonth→themonthbefore.
today→thatday,threedaysago→threedaysbefore.
tonight→thatnight,tomorrow→thenextday.
yesterday→thedaybefore,thedayaftertomorrow→intwodays.
③ 其它 变化:
this→thatthese→thosehere→there
come→go
句式的改变:
①直接引语是陈述句加"that"可以省去。例:
Hesaid,"Mysisterwasherethreedaysago."→
Hesaidthathissisterhadbeentherethreedaysbefore.
②直接引语是一般疑问句,变成用if/whether引导的宾语从句,人称时态等作相应改变。
Motheraskedme,"Didyoubuyanymeatforlunch?"→
Motheraskedmeif/whetherIhadboughtsomemeatforlunch.
③直接引语是特殊问句,变成由原来疑问词一样的连接词引导的宾语从句,时态人称等作相应改变。例:
"Whatdoyoudo?"heaskedme.
HeaskedmewhatIdid.
④直接引语是选择问句变成由whether或if引导的宾语从句。
"DoyoulikeEnglishorChinese?"Heaskedme.
HeaskedmewhetherIlikedEnglishorChinese.
语法:被动语态
1.英语中动词有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态
主动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的承受者。
当我们强调谁是某个动作的执行者,即"谁做了某种事情"时,用主动语态。
eg:Danielboughtanewcomputer丹尼尔买了一台新电脑。(不是别人)
如果主语不是动作的执行者,而是动作的承受者时,就是被动语态。
eg:AnewcomputerwasboughtbyDaniel一台新电脑被丹尼尔买了。
被动语态的谓语由be+动词的过去分词构成,其中be是助动词,随时态改变。
一般现在时的被动语态由"am/is/are+动词的过去分词"构成。
一般过去时的被动语态由"was/were+动词的过去分词"构成。
2.被动语态的用法:
当不知道或没必要说明动作的执行者时,用被动语态。
eg:RiceisgrowninSouthChina.华南 种植 水稻。(没必要说明是谁种)
Thisbridgewasbuilt100yearsago.这座桥是100年前建的。(不知道谁建的)
Passivevoicewith'by'
在被动语态中,如果我们也要把动作的执行者表达出来的话,我们就在被动句子的后面,用"by+动作的执行者(宾格)"来表示。
e.g.Jackbrokethewindow.(主动语态)
ThewindowwasbrokenbyJack.(被动语态)窗户是被杰克打碎的。
Mealsarecookedbyhermotherathome.在家饭是她母亲烧的。
Thebookwaswrittenbyhimseveralyearsago.这本书是他几年前写的。
3.难点:
1).当一个含有复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的句子变为被动语态时,只能把宾语变为被动语态的主语,宾补还放在原来的位置。
e.g.WecallhimXiaoWang.---HeiscalledXiaoWang.
Hecuthishairshort.---Hishairwascutshort.
2).带双宾语的动词变为被动语态时,常常把间接宾语变为被动语态的主语;如果直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时,间接宾语前要加介词to或for.
e.g.Someonegavetheboyanapple.--Theboywasgivenanapple.
Anapplewasgiventotheboy.
Hismotherboughtapresentforhim.---Hewasboughtapresent.
Apresentwasboughtforhim.
3).在let,hear,watch,see,help,have等词的句子中,主动语态不加to,被动语态要加to.
e.g.Thebossmakesuswork12hoursaday.---Wearemadetowork12hoursaday.
Theyheardthechildrensingthatmorning.---Thechildrenwereheardtosingthatmorning.
⑤直接引语是祈使句,根据说话语气变成ask/tell/orderwarnsb.todosth.的结构。例:
Shesaidtome,"Standup."→
Sheaskedmetostandup.
Fathersaidtohisson,"Don'tplayfootballinthestreet."→
Fathertoldhissonnottoplayfootballinthestreet.
语法:祈使句
表示命令、叮嘱等的句子叫祈使句。祈使句省略主语,以动词原形开头,常加please表示客气。常有以下三种结构:
(1)行为动词开头。例:
Sitdown,please.(Pleasesitdown.)
Comehere.
Gothere.
(2)系词be开头。
Becareful!
Besilent.
(3)Let开头。例:
Let'sdoitatonce.
Lethimdoit.
注:(1)祈使句的否定式在句首加don't。例:
Don'tspeakinChinese.别用汉语说。
Don'tbeheresoearly.别来这太早。
(2)在祈使句前可以加never或always。
Neverclimbuptoohigh.It'sdangerous.
Alwayscomeontime.总是准时。
Alwaysbepolitetoothers.总是对人礼貌。
语法:并列句
由并列连词but,and,or,so,while等构成的并列句,例:
HehelpsmeandIhelphim。
Hewasill,buthestillworkedon。
Helikescookingwhilehiswifelikestravelling。
语法:条件状语从句,以if引导。
if在英语中可以构成条件状语从句,意为“如果”,也可以构成宾语从句,意为“是否”。例:
Idon‘tknowifhewillcometomorrow。(宾从)
我不知道他明天是否来。
Ifhecomes,I’llletyouknow。(条从)
如果他来,我让你知道。
_1)在if构成的条件状语从句中,如果主句是将来时,或祈使句或有情态动词,从句通常用一般现在时。如上面的例句,再如:
Hecanpasstheexamifhestudieshard。
如果他努力学习会通过考试的。
(2)if构成的条件从句可以放于句子前面,也可以放于后面。例:
Ifitrains,Iwon‘tgowithyou。
如果下雨我就不和你去了。
Iwon’tgowithyouifitrains。
九年级英语语法知识点整理归纳三
【篇一】一般过去时:
1.概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
2.时间状语:ago,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastweek,last(year,night,month...),in1989,justnow,attheageof5,oneday,longlongago,onceuponatime,etc.
3.基本结构:be动词;行为动词的过去式
4.否定形式:was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;用助动词do的过去式did提问,同时还原行为动词。
6.例句:Sheoftencametohelpusinthosedays.
Ididn'tknowyouweresobusy.
【篇二】现在进行时
:
1.概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
2.时间状语:now,atthistime,thesedays,etc.
3.基本结构:am/is/are+doing
4.否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing.
5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。
6.例句:Howareyoufeelingtoday?
Heisdoingwellinhislessons.
【篇三】过去进行时:
1.概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
2.时间状语:atthistimeyesterday,atthattime或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
3.基本结构:was/were+doing
4.否定形式:was/were+not+doing.
5.一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首。
6.例句:AtthattimeshewasworkinginaPLAunit.
Whenhecamein,Iwasreadinganewspaper.
【篇四】现在完成时:
1.概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。
2.时间状语:recently,lately,since...for...,inthepastfewyears,etc.
3.基本结构:have/has+done
4.否定形式:have/has+not+done.
5.一般疑问句:have或has。
6.例句:I'vewrittenanarticle.
Thecountrysidehaschangedalotinthepastfewyears.
【篇五】过去完成时:
1.概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即"过去的过去"。
2.时间状语:before,bytheendoflastyear(term,month...),etc.
3.基本结构:had+done.
4.否定形式:had+not+done.
5.一般疑问句:had放于句首。
6.例句:Assoonaswegottothestation,thetrainhadleft.
Bytheendoflastmonth.Wehadreviewedfourbooks
【篇六】一般将来时:
1.概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
2.时间状语:tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year...),soon,inafewminutes,by...,thedayaftertomorrow,etc.
3.基本结构:am/is/are/goingto+do;will/shall+do.
4.否定形式:was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句:be放于句首;will/shall提到句首。
6.例句:Theyaregoingtohaveacompetitionwithusinstudies.
Itisgoingtorain.
【篇七】过去将来时:
1.概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。
2.时间状语:thenextday(morning,year...),thefollowingmonth(week...),etc.
3.基本结构:was/were/goingto+do;would/should+do.
4.否定形式:was/were/not+goingto+do;would/should+not+do.
5.一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;would/should提到句首。
6.例句:HesaidhewouldgotoBeijingthenextday.
Iaskedwhowasgoingthere.
【篇八】将来完成时:
1.概念:在将来某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态
2.时间状语:bythetimeof;bytheendof+时间 短语 (将来);bythetime+从句(将来)
3.基本结构:begoingto/will/shall+havedone
天空海阔999
主从复合句
一、概念:
主从复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句为句子的主体,从句只用作句子的一个次要成分,不能独立成为一个句子。从句通常由关联词引导,并由关联词将从句和主句联系在一起。
(爷爷奶奶们很爱孩子,同时对他们也严格要求。)
(看起来会议没完没了。)
(快点, 要不然就来不及了。)
(不管我用什么方法煮鸡蛋,小孩还是不肯吃。)
二、分类:
从句按其在复合句中的作用,分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、定语从句和状语从句等。
三、各从句在句子中的位置以及用法:
1、表语从句:在句子中作连系动词的表语的从句,它位于主句中的系动词之后。
例如:That is why he did not come to school yesterday.
It is because you are so clever.
2、宾语从句:在句子中作及物动词或介词的宾语。 ①基本形式:(主句+)连词+从句主语+从句谓语+... ②关于宾语从句连词的选择:
若从句来源于一个陈述句,那么,连词用that,在口语中that可以省略; 若从句来源于一个一般疑问句,连词则用if 或whether;
若从句来源于一个特殊疑问句,则连词就是疑问词(如what,who,where,when等) 例如:They believe that the computer will finally take the place of human beings.
(他们相信计算机终将代替人类。) (从句本来就是陈述句)
I wonder whether I should say something for him to the headmaster.
(我不知道是不是该为他在校长跟前说点什么。)
(从句来源于一般问句Shall I say something for him to the headmaster?)
He asked me where he could get such medicine. (他问我在哪儿能搞到那样的药。)
一、
1、“have”和“there be”翻译成汉语都可以用一个“有”字来表示,但have是指主观的“所有、拥有”,而there be则是指客观的“存在,某处有某物”。
2、There be的单复数变化与be的变化规则相同,取决于后面所接的主语。主语为单数,就变成there is,主语是复数,就变成there are。
3、“have”在第三人称单数时变成“has”。
4、“there be”的否定形式在be后加not,对于have通常直接在它的宾语前加“no”,表示“没有”的意思。
二、
1、 一般疑问句概念:是可以用“yes”或“no”来回答的疑问句。
2、 一般疑问句的结构模式:助动词+陈述句形式+?
如:Do you have a car? No, I don’t 或Yes, I do
Are you a chicken guy? No , I am not 或Yes , I am
Is there any cake in the icebox? No , there isn’t 或 Yes , there is
3、注意:Your boss has a car. Does your boss have a car? 这句中的Has在助动词does提前时,需要改变成原形。
4、在一般疑问句中,表示“一些”的概念时,用Many而不用some。
if和whether的区别:
1、 在动词不定式之前只能用whether 。如:
例8 I cant decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。
2、 在whether …… or not 的固定搭配中。如:
例9 I want to know whether its good news or not . 我想知道是否是好消息。
3 、在介词后,只能用whether。如:
例10 His father is worried about whether he lose his work . 他的`父亲担心是否会失去工作。
4、宾语从句放在句首表示强调时,只能用whether 。如:
Whether this is true or not, I really dont know. 这是否真的,我真的不知道。
(例11 Whether they can finish the work on time is still a problem . 他们是否能准时完成这项工作还是个问题。
5、用if会引起歧义时,只用whether。如:
例12 Could you tell me if you know the answer ?
这句话有两种意思:“你能告诉我是否知道答案吗?”或“如果你知道答案,请告诉我,好吗?”。如用whether可避免歧义。
英语语句基本结构分析
主谓宾结构:
主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!
谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come.
宾语:宾语位于及物动词之后,一般同主语构成一样,不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’,如:me,him,them等。
例:The boy needs a pen.主语the boy,谓语needs(need的第三人称单数形式),宾语a pen.
主系表结构:
主语:同‘主谓宾’结构。
联系动词(Link verb):be动词(am,is,are,was,were,have been);其他联系动词如:become成为,turn变成,go变。其特点是联系动词与其后的表语没有动宾关系,表语多为形容词或副词,既,不可能是宾语。
表语:说明主语的状态、性质、等。可为形容词、副词、名词、代词、不定式、分词。当联系动词不是be,而其后是名词和代词时,多表达‘转变为’之意,注意与动宾关系的区别。
感官动词多可用作联系动词:look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好,smell bad/难闻
例:Tom is a boy.(Tom是个男孩)/主语为Tom,系词为be动词的第三人称单数is,表语为a boy
There be 结构:
There be 表示‘存在有’。这里的there没有实际意义,不可与副词‘there那里’混淆。
此结构后跟名词,表示‘(存在)有某事物’
试比较:There is a boy there.(那儿有一个男孩。)/前一个there无实意,后一个there为副词‘那里’。
1、 动词:行为动词、be动词、情态动词。
(1)行为动词 原形、+s/es、+ed、+ing,具体判断方法如下:
(2)be动词
a、Am--was Is --was Are--were
口诀:我用am, 你用are, is用在他她它,所有复数全用are。
b、肯定和否定句
I am (not) from London.
He /She is(not) a teacher. My hair is(not) long.
Her eyes are(not) small.
c、 一般疑问句
Am I …? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t.
Are you/they…? Yes,we/ they are. No,we/ they aren’t.
Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.
is、am、are为一类,一般用于一般现在时、现在进行时和一般将来时中。 was和were为另一类,一般用于一般过去时。
(3)情态动词 can、must、should、would、may。
情态动词后动词总是用原形。(不受其他任何条件影响)
2、 名词
这里强调两点:不可数名词都默认为单数,所以总是用is或者was。
如何加后缀:
a.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
b.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
c.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries
d.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives
e.不规则名词复数: man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet ,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
3、 形容词(包括副词)
形容词表示某一事物或的特征,副词表示某一动作的特征。
形容词和副词只有两种形式:原形和+er。 未作比较的情况下就用原形,比较时就+er。
两个重要特征:as……as中间一定用原形,有than的时候一定+er。
4、 人称代词和物主代词
人称代词: 有主格和宾格之分。 一般动词前用主格,动词后用宾格。 物主代词: 有两类:形容词性物主代词(短的)和名词性物主代词(长的) 一般看后面有没有名词,如有,就用形容词性物主代词(短的);如无,就用名词性物主代词(长的)。
5、 数量词
我们学过两类:基数词和序数词。基数用于表示数量多少,而基数词用于表示次序,常在日期中出现。序数词的前面一般都加the。
6、冠词
有a、an、the。a和an的区别:an用于元音音素(一般就是元音字母aeiou)前,a用于辅音音素前。
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