燃烧吧猪五花
一定要专注为企业制定战略目标,这 企业战略 目标是指什么内容?我为你带来了“企业战略目标”的相关知识,一起来看看吧!马云:企业战略目标绝不能超过3个 创业者如何将公司慢慢做起来,做好、做强、做大?最近,我觉得自己的名气大了起来,特别是上市以后,人们看我的眼光不对劲了,大家觉得阿里巴巴怎么这么厉害,马云怎么这么厉害。 创业的时候,我不断提醒自己我们是谁,我们从哪里来。11月6日阿里巴巴上市的时候,大家觉得阿里巴巴真的很伟大,怎么会有这么高的市值。对我来说,11月6日跟11月5日是一样的,我没有觉得自己有怎样的变化。 聪明的人为什么都离开了? 上市前后,我将阿里巴巴五年以上的员工聚集在一起开了个会,我问了他们一个问题。我说,阿里巴巴有这么多百万富翁和千万富翁,在别人眼中,我们很成功。为什么成功?因为我们比别人勤奋?我看不出来,虽然我们很勤奋,但这个世界上比我们勤奋的人很多。因为我们比别人聪明?我看未必,四五年前我们招员工很难,现在招员工很容易,街上会走路的人都被我们招来了。 我们不勤奋,也不聪明,结果我们这些人都变成了富翁,是什么原因?因为我们的运气好,我们其实很傻。七八年前,很多人加入了阿里巴巴,一些聪明的人认为公司给的机会很少,被别的公司挖走了,或者自己创业,收入和待遇提高了。剩下的人不聪明,没有人来挖,结果五年以后,回头一看,我们居然变得这么有钱。 做企业一定要专注 做企业一定要专注。为企业制定战略目标,绝对不能超过三个。超过三个,你就记不住了,员工也记不住。每年定目标,确定三个最重要的,第四个就砍掉。 阿里巴巴为什么目前是七家公司,而不是八家?一个人的管理能力是有限的,最多只能管七个团队,七个以下没有问题,超过七个,一定会产生问题。对于小企业来说,战略就是活下去。要活下去,你必须想清楚三件事情:第一是你要做什么,第二是怎么干,第三是干多久。 有些人创业,两年之内如果没有做起来,就会对以前的决定感到后悔。阿里巴巴能有今天,很重要的一个原因是:我们只做电子商务,没有进入其他领域。当初为了活命,或者为了早点上市,或者为了套现,我们完全可以进入短信或游戏领域。但是,我很害怕起大早赶晚集,所以我跟自己讲,反正已经九年了,我不在乎再熬九十年。有这样的心态,才有可能往前走。永不放弃谁都会说,关键是真的撞头后,你是否会放弃。 这话我自己有很深的体会,创业要成功,就要永不放弃。大家都认为中国不可能搞电子商务,没有诚信体系,没有银行支付体系,没有网络的基础建设,怎么可能做起来?所有人都这么讲,但我坚信中国一定会实现在线交易。中国要搞电子商务,缺少了诚信体系、市场体系、支付体系、搜索工具和软件,怎么办?那就将它们建起来,创业者如果等到所有条件都具备了才开始做,机会早就不是你的了。 忽悠人容易,但关键时刻要讲真话 我觉得忽悠别人是很容易的,我可以很虚伪地跟别人说,你很勤奋很努力,坚持几年,一定能成功。但实际上,你可能告诉他的是一条走不通的路。我相信,人这一辈子,很多时候需要有人跟你讲真话,需要有人在关键时刻跟你讲真话。 我现在很感谢我大学的英文老师。我是学英文专业的,十多岁就跟老外学英文。在杭州,不管天气怎样,我都会跑到西湖边找老外练习口语。我带他们逛西湖,他们教我口语,坚持了八年左右,所以我的英文发音是很好的,至少比农村的孩子好很多。 大学的时候,有一次英文考试,我只考了59分,农村的孩子考了八九十分。我当时很狂妄,去找英文老师说,我的英文发音很准,为什么只给我59分?这不公平。那个老师说,你念一段给我听听。我就念了一段,他说真的不错。我心里感觉找到了平衡点,没想到他又说:59分,明年要补考。第二年,我去补考,他给了我60分。我问他为什么,他说因为你不知道自己是谁,你太狂妄了,你的水平只有59分。 在做《赢在中国》评委的时候,有几个选手很可爱,讲话很幽默很搞笑,但不适合晋级,节目组的人说要将他们留下来,这样才有收视率。我说,我应该讲真话,因为我相信这个节目对很多初期创业者,甚至是5~10年的创业者的影响是很大的。如果我在上面忽悠,讲的话不真实,为了搞笑而搞笑,就会害了一代创业者。 创业以来,我们有很好的模式、产业和团队,所以我们走到了现在。我可以告诉大家,任何企业,在别人看来很好的时候,往往就是灾难要来临的时候。人也是这样的,发现问题的时候,已经晚了。 公司的领导者一定要清楚什么东西会变成癌症,要不断地体检,不断地 反思 。别人问我,你的脸怎么长得这么怪?我说,因为我想的东西比较怪,我天天在想什么东西会阻碍公司的发展,什么东西会变成癌症,什么东西会变成感冒。员工多了以后,麻烦也多了很多。 阿里巴巴有近9000名员工,绝大多数员工的学历都在大专、本科以上,每个人都认为自己很聪明,凭什么你比我聪明,每个人都在讲战略战术,所以很难管。公司大了以后,会出现很多问题,你要不断地去思考。 如何进行企业战略管理 一、战略的层次 企业战略可分为三个层次:公司战略(corporate strategy)、业务战略或竞争战略(business strategy)和职能战略(functional strategy)。三个层次的战略都是企业战略管理的重要组成部分,但侧重点和影响的范围有所不同。 公司战略,又称总体战略,是企业最高层次的战略。它需要根据企业的目标,选择企业可以竞争的经营领域,合理配置企业经营所必需的资源,使各项经营业务相互支持、相互协调。如在海外建厂、在劳动成本低的国家建立海外制造业务的决策。 公司的二级战略常常被称作业务战略或竞争战略。业务战略涉及各业务单位的主管及辅助人员。这些经理人员的主要任务是将公司战略所包括的企业目标、发展方向和 措施 具体化,形成本业务单位具体的竞争与经营战略。如推出新产品或服务、建立研究与开发设施等。 职能战略,又称职能层战略,主要涉及企业内各职能部门,如营销、财务和生产等,如何更好地为各级战略服务,从而提高组织效率。如生产过程自动化。 二、战略管理过程 战略管理,主要是指战略制定和战略实施的过程。一般说来,战略管理包含四个关键要素: 战略分析———了解组织所处的环境和相对竞争地位; 战略选择———战略制定、评价和选择; 战略实施———采取措施发挥战略作用。 战略评价和调整———检验战略的有效性。 1.战略分析的主要目的是评价影响企业目前和今后发展的关键因素,并确定在战略选择步骤中的具体影响因素。战略分析包括三个主要方面: (1)确定企业的使命和目标。它们是企业战略制定和评估的依据。 (2)外部环境分析。战略分析要了解企业所处的环境(包括宏观、微观环境)正在发生哪些变化,这些变化给企业将带来更多的机会还是更多的威胁。 (3)内部条件分析。战略分析还要了解企业自身所处的相对地位,具有哪些资源以及战略能力;还需要了解与企业有关的利益和相关者的利益期望,在战略制定、评价和实施过程中,这些利益相关者会有哪些反应,这些反应又会对组织行为产生怎样的影响和制约。 2.战略分析阶段明确了“企业目前状况”,战略选择阶段所要回答的问题是“企业走向何处”。 首先需要制定战略选择方案。在制定战略过程中,当然是可供选择的方案越多越好。企业可以从对企业整体目标的保障、对中下层管理人员积极性的发挥以及企业各部门战略方案的协调等多个角度考虑,选择自上而下的 方法 、自下而上的方法或上下结合的方法来制定战略方案。 2. 是评估战略备选方案。评估备选方案通常使用两个标准:一是考虑选择的战略是否发挥了企业的优势,克服劣势,是否利用了机会,将威胁削弱到最低程度;二是考虑选择的战略能否被企业利益相关者所接受。需要指出的是,实际上并不存在最佳的选择标准,管理层和利益相关团体的价值观和期望在很大程度上影响着战略的选择。此外,对战略的评估最终还要落实到战略收益、风险和可行性分析的财务指标上。 3.是选择战略。即最终的战略决策,确定准备实施的战略。如果由于用多个指标对多个战略方案的评价产生不一致时,最终的战略选择可以考虑以下几种方法: (1)根据企业目标选择战略。企业目标是企业使命的具体体现,因而,选择对实现企业目标最有利的战略方案。 (2)聘请外部机构。聘请外部咨询专家进行战略选择工作,利用专家们广博和丰富的 经验 ,能够提供较客观的看法。 (3)提交上级管理部门审批。对于中下层机构的战略方案,提交上级管理部门能够使最终选择方案更加符合企业整体战略目标。 最后是战略政策和计划。制定有关研究与开发、资本需求和人力资源方面的政策和计划。 4.战略实施就是将战略转化为行动。 主要涉及以下一些问题:如何在企业内部各部门和各层次间分配及使用现有的资源;为了实现企业目标,还需要获得哪些外部资源以及如何使用;为了实现既定的战略目标,需要对组织结构做哪些调整;如何处理可能出现的利益再分配与 企业 文化 的适应问题,如何进行企业文化管理,以保证企业战略的成功实施等等。 5.战略评价就是通过评价企业的经营业绩,审视战略的科学性和有效性。战略调整就是根据企业情况的发展变化,即参照实际的经营事实、变化的经营环境、新的思维和新的机会,及时对所制定的战略进行调整,以保证战略对企业经营管理进行指导的有效性。包括调整公司的战略展望、公司的长期发展方向、公司的目标体系、公司的战略以及公司战略的执行等内容。 企业战略管理的实践表明,战略制定固然重要,战略实施同样重要。一个良好的战略仅是战略成功的前提,有效的企业战略实施才是企业战略目标顺利实现的保证。另一方面,如果企业没有能完善地制定出合适的战略,但是在战略实施中,能够克服原有战略的不足之处,那也有可能最终导致战略的完善与成功。当然,如果对于一个不完善的战略选择,在实施中又不能将其扭转到正确的轨道上,就只有失败的结果。 企业战略目标性 (1)企业发展目标是企业使命和宗旨的具体化。 (2)企业使命是指为了达到生存、发展和赢利等经济目的,对经营活动内容和业务范围即企业长期的战略意向,以及价值观、行为准则和经营理念所作出的正确定位。(此处考过) (3)企业使命包括企业生存发展的目的、企业宗旨、管理哲学和经营理念等具体内容。 (4)企业目标是一个体系,既有长期目标,又有中短期目标;既包括总体的全局性战略目标,又包括局部的阶段性战役、战术目标。 (5)企业目标是以下六种基本要素综合平衡的结果。 ①获利程度。获得满意的、较高水平的利润,是实行战略管理的企业主要目标之一。 ②产出能力。企业的生产规模及产出能力标志着企业的贡献程度,在市场稳定的条件下,产出能力与获利水平呈正相关。 ③竞争地位。企业产品的销售额和市场占有率是衡量企业绩效的一个主要指标,提高企业的竞争地位是企业战略目标之一,不占领市场的制高点,企业的经济目的就无法实现。 ④技术水平。企业的技术水平标志着企业参与竞争的能力,决定着产品的市场地位,关系到企业的战略选择,企业常常将技术领先作为重要的战略目标。
jasmine7927
At present, an increasing number of enterprises operating discovered, the enterprise's success or failure, mainly due to its strategy and implementation strategy to pursue efficiency. So many people agree that strategic management is the future direction of an enterprise decision-making and implementation of these decisions the dynamic management process. A standardized, comprehensive strategic management process can be divided into three steps, the analysis of both strategic environment, strategy formation and evaluation of implementation of the strategy and control. The strategy, environmental analysis, including analysis of the enterprise's external environment and internal environment analysis, a company from outside the main impact of macroeconomic policies, as well as the competitiveness between industries, the environmental impact of its internal factors mainly come from the corporate culture, market marketing strategy, management, production operations, financial condition.Corporate-level strategy for the generation and evaluation is primarily a company should choose a strategy of what kind of strategy and the prospects for the future planning and strategies are reasonable, the company once selected the appropriate strategy, strategic management activities focused on the shift from strategy formulation to strategy the implementation phase, and this phase includes the implementation and control of two mutually reinforcing aspects of the impact on each other.The company's growth prospects and the company's strategic decision-making is closely related to a company if you choose a development strategy suited to their decision-making is the development of enterprises is crucial because the company's strategic management of the operational management, marketing, human resources and financial management knowledge and skills related to the management and control of the entire company's operational capabilities, its purpose is to obtain if the company's strategic competitive edge and above-average returns, using the company's core competencies to pursue the desired strategic objectives.
残殃之暮
Diversified strategy again call multi-field strategy, is a business enterprise don't take single industry development as to depend on, in the meantime conduct different product of more than two kinds of basic economic uses or service of a kind of development strategy.its contents includes a product diversification, market diversification, invest diversification and capital diversification.general meaning comes up to say, diversified management of the business enterprise much points for the product a diversification. and product of diversified strategy again include two basic type:diversified related and not- related diversification.related diversification means business enterprise according to point a business enterprise lately- developed business with original business mutual has a strategic top of adaptability, they are in the technique, craft, sell outlet and market management the technique, and product...etc. have together or close by characteristics.Korea of three star the company is a good example, it with electronics industry is predominant business, produce of the product include personal calculator, cellular phone, flat panel figures LCD TV, MP3 players and DVD player.rather than related diversification calls mixture diversification or compound diversification, point a business enterprise lately- developed business with original business of don't have obvious strategic adaptability, the product increased is a new product, the service realm is also Hsinshih field.the in general use company of the United States is that a height of typical model is diversified not- related business enterprise, in general use company not only own NBC company, also produce a motorcycle, the power station and refrigerator is various products and still publish credit card in the meantime and involve insurance and believe loan business, they of of the business have no directly related contact.The resources of business enterprise is always limited, the resources here since include a funds, production equipments, talented person etc. visible resources;again include prestige, brand, manage ability etc. invisible resources.diversified management on the other hand will scatter a business enterprise limited funds, will also scatter a management layer on the other hand of energy.various professions give attention to both in the meantime and easily take care of a thing and miss the other and influence and originally possessed industry thus of good development.Pepsi-Cola's precept in this aspect is a good example. in the 70's in 20th century, the Pepsi-Cola group continues and procures and necessarily wins a guest, tower gram-shell Er, be willing to get a radicle three fast food shops, the marketing network attempt and pass fast food shop, the latent consumer fight for Pepsi-Cola, however more and more of company resources and management layer the energy is consumed at and the competition of the McDonald's in, the specific weight making the original core of Pepsi-Cola business-cola produced descends to the total business and measures of 35%, the 1/3 of the operating revenue, company beverage the share on the American market get behind with 11 percentage points of Coca-Cola in 1996, is biggestly 20 in the last years margins once, in the meantime at in addition to Middle East each global all encounter fiasco on the market.This is the business enterprise to practice diversified phenomenon that the strategy often appears. many developments of professions will make the business enterprise managed the difficulty enlargement of work, especially the business enterprise gets into to 1 has nothing to do with oneself product or industry of all new realm, the business enterprise manages a layer to impossibly acquaint with the specialized knowledge of that product or profession at the in a short time, and cans not make use of current knowledge level to conduct the unit manager's suggestion and accomplishment to the fitting evaluation as well, hard to the management of the new industry make of wise effective decision, the decision will make the original management industry suffered loss once mistaking.in this aspect, even if the Suo Ni giant like this, there is also the time to suffer a los .the end of 80's in 20th century, the Suo Ni distinctly invests news medium of entertainment industry.can say, the Suo Ni got into 1 by himself/herself completely unfamiliar profession, make electric appliances production the Suo Ni company of the birth know to the showbiz entertainment industry it and is hard to do very few a decision of advisability, in the meantime the headquarters manager also have no time to acquaint with new profession, can not the accomplishment of the fitting evaluation branch, have never canned give the instruction in time, especially neglected American entertainment field the manufacturing cost goes up day by day of trend, make the Suo Ni deeply sunk into a high manufacturing cost fee in the middle, resulted in to carry on the back count the result of USD 1,000,000,000.Any things all have both sides, diversified strategy is also a pair blades sword, business enterprise while carrying on diversified management, from total can help a business enterprise to dissolve risk up speaking, but it also exists this latent crisis in the meantime, if adopting isn't appropriate, then will injure the resources allocation of reasonable in the business enterprise inner part and influence the market competition ability of business enterprise thus.
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