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著名的古代水利工程都江堰，位于四川都江堰市城西，古时属都安县境而名为都安堰，宋元后称都江被誉为“独奇千古”的“镇川之宝” 。两千年前，李冰父子面对桀骜不驯的岷江水，火攻玉垒化为离堆。鱼嘴堤分水、飞沙堰溢洪、宝瓶口引水，将逢雨必涝的西蜀平原，化作了水旱从人，不知饥馑的天府之国。这项工程直到今天还在发挥着作用，被称为“活的水利博物馆”。是全世界至今为止年代最久、唯一留存、以无坝引水为特征的宏大水利工程。 一千八百多年前，道教创始人张陵看中了青城山的碧绿清幽，决定在此修炼道法。青城山的香火愈来愈盛，但道家修建的观宇与亭阁始终深藏于密林之间，与四周的山林岩泉融为一体。 独特的地理条件和生态环境造就了离堆锁峡、金堤夕照、雄关古道、玉垒仙都、寒潭伏龙、笮桥飞虹、玉女仙姿、岷山晓雪、宝瓶春晓等自然景观，与二王庙、伏龙观、安澜索桥、城隍庙等古代建筑交相辉映，形成了山、水、城、林、堰、桥融为一体的独特风光，成为自然与文化、人类与环境、水利工程与山水风光和谐融合、天人合一的千古奇观。具有极强的观赏性、生态性、特色性。 Famous ancient Dujiangyan water conservancy project , located in Dujiangyan City West , ancient genus are named Duan County Habitat Ann Weir , later known as Du Jiang Song known as "independence odd eternal " and " Jincheon treasure ." Two thousand years ago , Li Bing and his son face rebellious Minjiang water, fire attack from the heap Yulei into . Yuzui embankment watershed, sandstorm weir spillway Baopingkou water, heavy rains, floods in the West Sichuan Plain , turned into a flood and drought from the people, do not know hunger land of abundance . This project until today still play a role , known as the "living water conservancy and museum ." So far the world 's oldest and only retention, diversion dam is characterized by ambitious water project .Eighteen hundred years ago, the founder of Taoism Zhang Ling fancy a quiet green Qingcheng Mountain , the decision in this practice Road Act . Qingcheng Mountain incense increasingly Sheng , but the Taoist view of buildings and pavilions built deep in the jungle is always between Linyan Quan blend with the surrounding mountains .The unique geographical conditions and ecological environment created from the heap lock Gap, Gimjae sunset, with big Trail, Yulei xiandu , Hantan Frunze , narrow bridge rainbow , Lady Xianzi , Min Shan Xiao Xue , Aquarius Chunxiao and other natural landscape, and the Second Temple , Fulong , Alan rope bridge , Temple and other ancient buildings each other , forming a mountain, water, city, forest, weir, bridge the unique blend of scenery, a natural and cultural , human beings and the environment, hydraulic engineering and harmonious integration of landscapes , nature and man's eternal spectacle. Is highly ornamental, ecology , sexual characteristics .
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The Dujiangyan Dam, 45km north of Chengdu, is an ancient technological wonder of the country. More than 2000 yers ago, Li Bing(250-200BC), as a local governor of the Shu State, designed this water control and irrigation dam and organized thousands of local people to complete the project to check the Mingjiang River.For many years the river,flooded the Chengdu agricultural area and local farmers suffered a lot from the water disaster. Due to the success of the project, the dam automatically diverts the Mingjiang River and channels it into irrigation canals. For many years the dam has continued to make the most of the water conservancy works.Expansion has been undertaken since 1949 and at present the system does a good job of irrigating farming land across 33counties of the western part of Sichuan Province. Local people feel proud of the system becaude it has supported a large amount of people in their daily life.What makes this system so good?The system is a large hydraulic water project which consists of three main parts: the Fish Mouth Water-Dividing Dam, the Flying Sand Fence, and the Bottle-Neck Channel.The Fish mouth functions to divide the flow of water into an inner river and an outer river. Long ago, when Li Bing worked as the local governor of the Shu State, he found the old river canal was too narrow to hold much water, which often overflowed the banks and caused disastrous flood. Based on natural geographic conditions, he organized the people to build a man-made dam. The whole dam looks like a fish, and the front dam has a circular cone shaped like a fish mouth. It is the dam that channels water into an outer canal and an inner canal. The outer water canal functions as the main stream and holds sixty percent of water in the river. The extra water goes through the inner canal for irrigation in Chengdu areas.The Flying Sand Fence joins the inner and outer canals. The fence functions to controll the flow of water and discharge excess into the inner canal from the main stream. During the dry season the fence doesn't work much, but when floods occur, the river rushes forward along the outer canal. As it approaches the fence, the fence,the river begins to turn round fast and soon many whirlpools are formed. The volatile whirlpools sweep away sand and pebbles and, throw them into the outer canal. For many years huge bamboo baskets were used as the fence. They were filled with stones and pebbles. However,at present, reinforced concrete weir has replaced the ancient fence.So now, let's discuss the Bottle-Neck Channel. A trunk canal was cut through the mountain into two parts which link up the inner canal for irrigation. The small part is later called Li Dui, which means an isolated hill. Chengdu looks like a large bottle and the trunk canal between the mountain and the hill takes shape of the bottleneck. The trunk canal technically has two functions: First, it leads the water to irrigate the farming land in western Sichujan; Secondly, the trunk casnal works together with the Flying Sand Weir to keep the flow below a certain point in the inner canal during flood season. Some stone tablets, which stand on the isolated hill, are engraved in Buddhist Sanskrit. The local people hope that the Buddhist tablets can exert the Buddhist superpower to harness flood disaster. For over two thousand years, in fact, the Fish Mouth Water-Dividing Dam, the Flying Sand Weir, and the Bottle-neck Channel automatically work together to control foods and sweep away sand and stones in the main stram. The local people benefit a lot from this project.Not far from the Dujiang Dam, a Daoist temple complex was wrwcted was erected to commemorate the benevolent rule of Li Bing and his son who succeeded him. Li Bing and his son were granted the posthumous title of Wang. The folk story says that July 24of the Chinese Lunar Calendar is Li Bing' birthday. On the day many local people visit the temple where they prostrate themselges before the image of Li Bing and his son and burn incense to honor them. The larger-than-life painted statues of father and sonoverlook the rushing river below. Nearby a stone tablet os engraved with a famous six-character quotation from Li Bing,"when the river flows in zigzags, cut a straight channel. When the riverbeb is wide and shallow, dig it deeper." The temple which is built near the mountaintop, is a popular stopping place for sightseers. There one can enjoy a unique view of the most modern parts of the water conservation project.People appreciate the ancient wonder, which still works to benefit people today.
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