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经常听到考生问：“离高考只剩下不到三十天时间了，还有必要背诵词汇吗?”我的回答是非常必要，且应列为重中之重。 冲刺阶段考生首先要做到的是把阅读材料以及综合练习题中的生词和短语集中在一起 ，用字典查一遍，注上音标、注解和典型用法。另外高考复习时会印发高考词汇表，大家必须将其从头到尾背3—4遍。 另外，我们在指导考生备考实践中也积累了许多扩大词汇量的好方法。下面择要介绍几种。 1 归类记忆：英语中有些动词后接不定式或动名词作宾语时有严格的区别，可以将它们分别归类，只接不定式作宾语的词和词组有：decide，expect，refuse，wish，hope，order，promise，pretend，offer，happen，seem，make up one′s mind，used，be about，be able等；只接动名词作宾语的词和词组有：mind，risk，avoid，enjoy，escape，keep，appreciate，practise，delay，finish，feel like，can′t help，keep(on)，miss，be used to，excuse，be worth，imagine，put off等。这样，既可记住词汇，又可攻克语法难关。 2 逻辑记忆：通过单词本身的内部逻辑关系，或词与词之间的外部逻辑关系记忆单词。(1)把几个字母看做一个组合来记，如：“-ight”——light，right，fight，night，might，sight，tight。(2)外旧内新，如：bridge“桥”看成b＋ridge(ridge“山脊”)；sharp看成s＋harp(harp“竖琴”)。(3)外新内旧，如：cleave“劈开”看成c＋leave；tact“机智”看成t＋act等。 3�联想记忆：包括(1)音与形的联想。例如tomb的读音为[tu：m]，很像“土墓”，进而联想出“坟墓”的含义。(2)形与义的联想。例如eye可想象y为鼻子，而两个e为左、右两只眼睛。(3)象声词，联想实际的声音，如：bang撞门声，coo咕咕声。 4�分类记忆：把单词划分门类，如：动物、植物等，进行分类记忆。你可以找一本分类字典作为参考。 5�卡片记忆：自己制作单词卡片随时随身记忆，卡片写上单词的词形、词性、词义、音标、搭配、例句等。 6�构词记忆：利用构词法，通过分析词根、前缀、后缀、派生和合成等结构变化记忆单词。这是扩大词汇最有效、最重要的办法。任何英语教材都会列出常见的词缀，注意就行。 7�阅读记忆：通过阅读英语文章、小说等记忆单词，注意难度要适宜。 8�同义、反义记忆：通过同义词一起进行单词记忆，可确切理解词义。通过反义词一起进行单词记忆，可以扩大词义。 9�比较记忆：(1)英汉(译音)比较，如：mama(妈妈)，cigar(雪茄)，beer(啤酒)，bar(酒吧)，fee(费用)等。(2)单复数的比较，如：good—goods，spirit—spirits，wood—woods。(3)同音词的比较，如：right—write，eye—I。(4)词的阴阳性的比较，如：actor—actress，host—hostess。最后，近日读书时，偶得一记忆方法“口诀”，可看做上述复习方法的总结，现摘录于下，与考生共勉：(1)记单词，要“五到”，眼嘴手脑齐开炮；读写背默各几遍，印象清晰记得牢。(“五到”记忆法)(2)记过单词莫靠边，几天之后再看看；似忘非忘又温习，反反复复印心间。(循环记忆法)(3)单词多了别心烦，分片分组来攻占；五个一组先吃掉，几组连成一大片。(分组记忆法)(4)结合词组句子记，有情有景有意义；重点段落须背诵，理解深刻有乐趣。(理解记忆法)(5)要想单词不写错，语音一关还得过；读音规律掌握好，拼写自然少差错。(语音记忆法)(6)分类归纳便于记，同类词汇放一起；bike，plane和jeep，归到交通工具里。(归纳记忆法)(7)同义近义反义词，辨析对比来记忆，比较对照才开窍，印象深刻记得牢。(对比记忆法)(8)单词长了容易忘，卡片纸条来帮忙；mathematics不好记，纸条贴到《数学》上。(卡片记忆法)(9)构词法，要学习，前缀后缀有规律；转换常把词类变，合成本是二合一。(构词记忆法)(10)课外读物有情趣，单词复现便于记；只要坚持常阅读，一举几得大有益。(阅读记忆法)1. clothes, cloth, clothingclothes统指各种衣服，谓语动词永远是复数， cloth指布，为不可数名词 clothing 服装的总称，指一件衣服用a piece of, an article of2. incident, accidentincident指小事件, accident指不幸的事故He was killed in the accident.3. amount, numberamount后接不可数名词， number后接可数名词 a number of students4. family, house, homehome 家，包括住处和家人，house房子，住宅，family家庭成员. My family is a happy one.5. sound, voice, noisesound自然界各种各样的声音，voice人的嗓音，noise噪音I hate the loud noise outside.6. photo, picture, drawingphoto用照相机拍摄的照片，picture可指相片，图片，电影片，drawing画的画Let's go and see a good picture.7. vocabulary, wordvocabulary词汇，一个人拥有的单词量，word具体的单词He has a large vocabulary.8. population, peoplepopulation人口，人数，people具体的人 China has a large population.9. weather, climateweather一天内具体的天气状况，climate长期的气候状况 The climate here is not good for you.10. road, street, path, wayroad具体的公路，马路，street街道，path小路，小径，way道路，途径take this road; in the street, show me the way to the museum.11. course, subjectcourse课程（可包括多门科目），subject科目（具体的学科）a summer course12. custom, habitcustom传统风俗，习俗，也可指生活习惯，后接to do， habit生活习惯，习惯成自然，后接of doing. I've got the habit of drinking a lot.13. cause, reasoncause 指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因，后接of sth./doing sth，reason用来解释某种现象或结果的理由，后接for sth./doing sth. the reason for being late14. exercise, exercises, practiceexercise运动，锻炼（不可数），exercises练习（可数），practice（反复做的）练习 Practice makes perfect.15. class, lesson作"课"解时,两者可以替换.指课文用lesson. 指班级或全体学生用class. lesson 6; class 516. speech, talk, lecturespeech指在公共场所所做的经过准备的较正式的演说，talk日常生活中的一般的谈话，讲话，lecture学术性的演讲，讲课 a series of lecture on…17. officer, officialofficer部队的军官，official政府官员 an army officer18. work, job二者均指工作。work不可数，job可数 a good job19. couple, paircouple主要指人或动物，pair多指由两部分组成的东西 a pair of trousers20. country, nation, state, landcountry侧重指版图，疆域，nation指人民，国民，民族，state侧重指政府，政体，land国土，国家 The whole nation was sad at the news.21. cook, cookercook厨师，cooker厨具 He is a good cook.22. damage, damagesdamage不可数名词, 损害，损失; damages复数形式, 赔偿金 $900 damages23. police, policemanpolice警察的总称，后接复数谓语动词，policeman 指某个具体的警察 The police are questioning everyone in the house.24. problem, questionproblem常和困难连系，前面的动词常为think about, solve, raise，question常和疑问连系，多和ask, answer连用25. man, a manman人类，a man一个男人 Man will conquer nature.26. chick, chicken二者均可指小鸡，chicken还可以当鸡肉 The chicken is delicious.27. telegram, telegraph当电报解时，telegram指具体的，telegraph指抽象的 a telegram, by telegraph28. trip, journey, travel, voyagetravel是最常用的，trip指短期的旅途，journey指稍长的旅途，voyage指海上航行a three-day trip29. sport, gamesport多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动，如打球，游泳，打猎，赛马等；game指决定胜负的游戏，通常有一套规则 His favorite sport is swimming.30. price, prizeprice价格，prize奖，奖品，奖金 win the first prize The price is high/low. 31. a number of, the number ofa number of许多，谓语动词用复数。the number of…的数目，谓语动词用单数。The number of students is increasing.32. in front of, in the front ofin front of范围外的前面，in the front of范围内的前面 In the front of the room sits a boy.33. of the day, of a dayof the day每一天的，当时的，当代的， of a day暂时的，不长久的 a famous scientist of the day34. three of us, the three of usthree of us我们（不止三个）中的三个，the three of us我们三个（就三个人）The three of us---Tom, Jack and I went to the cinema.35. by bus, on the busby bus表手段，方式，不用冠词，on the bus表范围 They went there by bus.36. for a moment, for the momentfor a moment 片刻，一会儿，for the moment暂时，一时 Thinking for a moment, he agreed. 37. next year, the next yearnext year将来时间状语，the next year过去将来时间状语 He said he would go abroad the next year.38. more than a year, more than one yearmore than a year一年多，more than one year超过一年（两年或三年等）39. take advice, take the(one's) advicetake advice征求意见，take the advice接受忠告 He refused to take the advice and failed again.40. take air, take the airtake air传播，走漏，take the air到户外去，散步 We take the air every day.41. in a word, in wordsin a word总之，一句话， in words口头上 In a word, you are right.42. in place of, in the place ofin place of代替，in the place of在…地方 A new building is built in the place of the old one.43. in secret, in the secretin secret秘密地，暗自地，偷偷地，一般用作状语；in the secret知道内情，知道秘密，一般用作表语 My mother was in the secret from the beginning.44. a girl, one girla girl可泛指所有女孩, one girl一个女孩 Can one girl carry such a big box?45. take a chair, take the chairtake a chair相当于sit down坐下，take the chair开始开会46. go to sea, by sea, by the seago to sea当海员，出航，by sea乘船，由海路， by the sea在海边 go by sea47. the doctor and teacher, the doctor and the teacherthe doctor and teacher指一个人，既是医生又是老师，the doctor and the teacher两个人，一个医生和一个老师 the doctor and teacher is48. in office, in the officein office在职的，in the office在办公室里 He is in office, not out of office.49. in bed, on the bedin bed卧在床上，on the bed在床上 The book is on the bed. He is ill in bed.50. in charge of, in the charge ofin charge of管理，负责照料， in the charge of由……照料 He is in charge of the matter. The matter is in the charge of her.51. in class, in the classin class在课上，in the class在班级里 He is the best student in the class.52. on fire, on the fireon fire着火,on the fire在火上 Put the food on the fire. The house is on fire.53. out of question, out of the questionout of question毫无疑问的，out of the question不可能的 54. a second, the seconda second又一，再一，the second第…… He won the second prize.55. by day, by the dayby day白天，by the day按天计算 The workers are paid by the day.56. the people, a peoplethe people指人，a people指民族 The Chinese is a peace-loving people.57. it, oneit同一物体，one同类不同一 I lost my pen. I have to buy a new one.58. that, thisthat指代上文所提到的，this导出下文所要说的 I was ill. That's why…59. none, nothing, no onenone强调有多少，nothing, no one强调有没有，nothing指物，no one指人--- How many…/How much…? --- None.60. anyone, any oneanyone指人，不能接of，any one指人物均可，可接of any one of you61. who, whatwho指姓名或关系，what指职业或地位 What is your dad? He is a teacher.62. what, whichwhat的选择基础是无限制的，which在一定范围内进行选择 Which do you prefer, bananas or apples?63. other, anotherother后接名词复数，another后接名词单数 other students, another student64. not a little, not a bitnot a little非常，not a bit一点也不 I'm not a bit tired. 我一点儿也不累。65. many, much, a lot ofmany和可数名词连用，much和不可数名词连用，a lot of可数，不可数均可，但不用于否定句 I haven't many books.66. much more…than, many more…thanmuch more…than后接形容词或不可数名词，many more…than后接可数名词 many more people, much more water, much more beautiful67. no, notno=not a/any no friend=not a/any friend no water=not any water68. no more than, not more thanno more than相当于only，仅仅，只有，not more than 至多，不超过69. majority, mostmajority只能修饰可数名词，most可数不可数均可 the majority of people70. by oneself, for oneself, to oneself, of oneselfby oneself单独的，独自的，for oneself为自己，to oneself供自己用的，of oneself 自行的，自动的 The door opened of itself.71. at all, after allat all根本，全然, after all到底，毕竟 After all he is a child.72. tall, hightall常指人或动物，high常指物体 He is tall.73. fast, quicklyfast侧重于指人或物体具有运动速度快的特点，quickly侧重指某事完成或发生的快 run fast, answer the question quickly74. high, highlyhigh具体的高，highly抽象的高，高度的 think highly of75. healthy, healthfulhealthy健康的，健壮的，healthful有益于健康的 healthful exercise76. sleeping, asleep, sleepysleeping正在睡觉，asleep睡着，熟睡，只能做表语，sleepy困的，有睡意的 a sleeping baby The baby is asleep. I'm sleepy.77. gold, goldengold指真金制品，golden指金色的，但金鱼用gold fish a gold ring78. most, mostlymost用于表感受的肯定句中，相当于very，当大部分，大多数解时是形容词或名词，mostly大部分,是副词 most people, the people are mostly…79. just, veryjust表强调时是副词，作状语，very表强调时是形容词，用作定语 the very man, just the man80. wide, broadwide侧重于一边到另一边的距离，broad侧重于幅面的宽广broad shoulders81. real, truereal真的，真实的，指的是事实上存在而不是想象的，true真的，真正的，指的是事实和实际情况相符合 real gold, a true story82. respectful, respectablerespectful尊敬，有礼貌，respectable可敬的，值得尊敬的 be respectful to the aged 83. outwards, outward二者均可用作副词，表示向外，外面，outward还可用作形容词 an outward voyage84. pleasant, pleased, pleasingpleasant常用作定语，pleased, pleasing常用作表语，pleased主语常为人，pleasing主语常为物 a pleasant trip The trip is pleasing.85. understanding, understandableunderstanding明白事理的，能体谅的，understandable 可理解的，能够懂的 an understanding girl, an understandable mistake86. close, closelyclose接近，靠近，closely紧紧地，紧密地 closely connected, stand close87. ill, sickill做表语，sick定，表均可 a sick boy88. good, wellgood形容词，well副词，但指身体状况是形容词 He is well again.89. quiet, silent, stillquiet安静的，可以发出小的声音，silent不发出声音，但可以动，still完全不动，完全无声响 He stand there still. 他站在那儿，一动不动，也不说话。90. hard, hardlyhard努力，hardly几乎不 work hard I can hardly believe it.91. able, capable able与不定式to do连用，capable与of连用 He is capable of doing…92. almost, nearly二者均为"几乎,差不多" 和否定词连用用almost almost nobody 93. late, latelylate迟，晚，lately最近，近来 I haven't seen him lately.94. living, alive, live, livelyliving, alive, live均为活着的，living定表均可，alive定表均可，定语后置，live只能做定语，lively意为活波的 all the living people=all the people alive95. excited, excitingexcited使人兴奋的，exciting令人兴奋的 I'm excited. The news is exciting.96. deep, deeplydeep具体的深，deeply抽象的深，深深地 deeply moved, dig deep97. aloud, loudaloud出声地，loud大声地 read aloud(出声地读)98. worth, worthy二者均为值得，worth后接doing，worthy后接to be done, of being done It is worth visiting. = It's worthy to be visited. = It's worthy of being visited.99. bad, badlybad形容词，badly副词，不好，但与need, want, require连用为"很，非常" go bad I need the book badly. 100. before long, long beforebefore long不久以后，long before很久以前 not long before = before long101. quite, ratherquite完全地，相当于completely, rather修饰比较级 quite impossible102. happy, glad太多了 加我QQ 408014040
