英文小说的修辞

中文里，要让文章阅读起来更优美，更有感染力，作者会采用一些修辞手法来写作。同理，英文小说、诗歌、戏剧的写作中，也会合理运用修辞，让文章语言层次更丰富，表达更生动。今天，美国英文学院（American Academy of English，简称AAE）将对6种英语常用的修辞手法进行分析，让大家了解修辞运用的规律，提高分析英语文章表达技巧的能力。1. 明喻Simile /sml/明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比。说明本体事物“像”喻体事物，在本体和喻体之间存在明显的喻词，例如like, as, as if, as though, as…as…, seem, similar to, such as等等。举例1：词组to spend money like water 挥金如土as hard as a rock 坚如磬石as busy as a bee 像蜜蜂一样忙碌as clear as crystal清如水晶举例2：句子（1）He drove as if possessed by the devil.他着魔似地驾车狂奔。（2）It has long leaves that sway in the wind like slim fingers reaching to touch something.它那长长的叶子在风中摆动，好像伸出纤细的手指去触摸什么东西似的。其实，明喻不仅能应用在文学类著作，也能应用在科技类论著中，把抽象事物具体化，把深奥的道理说得通俗易懂。例句：Bacteria are so small that a single round one of a common type is about 1/25,000 of an inch across when these bacteria are magnified 1,000 times, they look only as large as a pencil point.细菌是这样小，一种普通类型的圆形细菌直径大约只有1/25,000英寸。这种细菌放大一千倍看起来也只有铅笔尖那么大。细胞放大图2. 隐喻/暗喻Metaphor /mtf/隐喻/暗喻，是根据两个事物的某些共同特征，用一事物去暗示另一事物，本体和喻体间没有明显的比喻词，但常常用be来做连接，也可以将be理解为喻词，有时也会用become, turn into等词，是指在暗中打比方。举例1：隐喻成语to teach fish to swim班门弄斧to plow the sands白费力气between the devil and the deep sea进退两难举例2：句子（1）He has a heart of stone.他铁石心肠。（2）Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.希望是一顿丰盛的早餐，但它是一顿糟糕的晚餐。（3）Jane’ s uncle is an old fox, up to all kinds of evils.简的叔叔是个老狐狸，什么坏事都干的出来。