胖纸没烦恼
David M. Gordon - The China-Japan War, 1931-1945 - The Journal of Military History 70:1 The Journal of Military History 70.1 (2006) 137-182 The China-Japan War, 1931–1945 David M. Gordon War, Sun Tzu tells us, "is of vital importance to the state, being the arena in which life or death is decided and the pathway to survival or ruination." The Japanese invasion on 7 July 1937 put the Chinese Republic in mortal danger. In the end, the Republic prevailed. But China was devastated. The war also made possible a successful Communist revolution that destroyed traditional society. By 1945, Japan, too, was almost destroyed. Its empire lost and its political structure remade by its American conquerors, the country would eventually enter a new period of peaceful economic development. Both nations were fundamentally transformed by the conflict. The China-Japan war, the catalyst of these changes, is arguably the most important event in the history of East Asia in the twentieth century. This essay surveys much of the literature on that war, published since the 1970s, from its origins to its end. The war began in 1937. However, the events leading to it started almost twenty years earlier. Marius Jansen describes how, until the end of the First World War in 1918, Japan had participated with other nations in the division of China into spheres of influence. Unfortunately, the Japanese were unable to adjust to the postwar anti-imperialist policies of the Soviet Union-------------------------上面是网络上找的，如果你需要更加详细的，可以查看下面的连接：
早秋2013
古典文学常见论文一词，谓交谈辞章或交流思想。当代，论文常用来指进行各个学术领域的研究和描述学术研究成果的 文章 ，简称之为论文。那么，你知道论文的英语怎么说吗?
论文的英文释义：
thesis
treatise
paper
study
memoir
tractate
论文的英文例句：
老师问了我一些和我的论文有关的问题。
The teacher asked me some questions relative to my paper.
老师的办公室里堆满了大批不同的论文。
There is a heterogeneous mass of papers in the teacher's office.
我们相信你在星期五之前可以完成这篇论文。
We are depending on you to finish the paper by Friday.
英语论文怎么写
还没有装订成册的论文稿件堆放在桌子上。
The unbound sheets of paper were piled up on the table.
他写的论文很优秀。
The treatise he wrote is excellent.
我们的教授要求他就这个课题写篇论文。
Our professor asked him to write a treatise on the subject.
论文最后简要 总结 了本论文的内容和不足。
The last chapter of the paper briefly summarizes the harvest and deficiency.
将参赛的建模方案论文复印三份，将摘要页装订在每份论文的第一页上沿。
Staple one copy of the summary sheet on top of each copy of the solution paper.
我们将在一起审阅这些论文。
We shall go through these papers together.
我终于写完了李教授要的论文。
I finally popped that paper for Professor Li.
教授已经把我的论文搁置一个月了。
The professor has turned aside my paper for a month.
这是你的论文吗?
Is this you dissertation?
它就是你要表达的东西，这个论文也是，另一种思考它的方式，关于一个问题的答案。
It is what you profess. Well, the thesis is also, another way to think of it, an answer to a question.
他表示愿意帮助我一起做我的研究论文。
He offered to help me with my research paper.
看到了，你打算递交论文吗?
Do you plan to submit any paper?
一些书籍和论文讲述了如何在单元测试中使用模拟对象，描述的是模拟对象应该具备的能力以及如何使用他们。
Several books and papers show how to use mock objects in unit testing. Thesedescribe the capabilities that mock objects should have and how to use them.
这个部分是对论文所要写的内容做个一般性的介绍—它不仅仅是对每一部分的描述。
This is a general introduction to what the thesis is all about -- it is not just adescription of the contents of each section.
即便这样 这还是一片非常糟糕的论文如果让我审核的话它一定会被淹没在红墨水的海洋里去.
Yet it's an awful paper that I would have shredded in a sea of red ink if it hadcome to me.
玛雅：现在你得让我采访你，好写我的论文。
Maya: Now you have to let me interview for my paper.
这里你列举出你的论文所做出的新知识的贡献。
Here you list the contributions of new knowledge that your thesis makes.
用另一句话来说就是，这篇短文应该会对你很有帮助无论是你刚刚开始你的研究生课程还是稍后你要开始写你的论文。
In other words, this note should be helpful when you are just getting started inyour graduate program, as well as later when you start to write your thesis.
但他的批评者同意一个事实：他的论文指出了减少化肥的使用在中国的重要性。
And his critics agree with him on one matter: the paper points to the importance ofreducing fertilizer use in China.
那时我将真的不得不对期末论文评分了。
Then I really do have to grade term papers.
此外，论文的 方法 部分本来应该为其他人复制实验提供足够的信息，但通常情况都不是这样。
Moreover, the methods sections of papers are supposed to provide enoughinformation for others to replicate an experiment, but often do not.
在那个研讨会上，他交了一篇,论文，是为 其它 一些场合写的,是关于关心这个概念。
At the symposium, he submitted a paper which he had written for some otheroccasion on the concept of caring about.
但是他们的论文是最完备的。
But their paper is the most thorough.
你什么时候能完成学期论文?
When will you finish the term paper?
不管你的学期论文是关于什么的，因特网总可以帮助你选择主题或提供多种多样的主题供你选择。
No matter whatever your term paper is about, they help you in selecting topicsand some offer a wide range of topics to choose from.
水瓶座小小猪
Sima Qian (ca. 145–86 BC) was a Prefect of the Grand Scribes of the Han Dynasty. He is regarded as the father of Chinese historiography because of his highly praised work, Records of the Grand Historian, an overview of the history of China covering more than two thousand years from the Yellow Emperor to Emperor Han Wudi . His definitive work laid the foundation for later Chinese historiography. Sima Qian was born and grew up in Longmen, near present-day Hancheng, Shaanxi. He was raised in a family of historiographers. His father, Sima Tan, served as the Prefect of the Grand Scribes of Emperor Wu of Han (Emperor "Han Wudi"). His main responsibilities were managing the imperial library and calendar watching (for national day). Under the influence of his father, at the age of ten, Sima Qian was already well versed in old writings. He was the student of the famous Confucians Kong Anguo and Dong Zhongshu. At the age of twenty, with the support of his father, Sima Qian started a journey throughout the country, collecting useful first-hand historical records for his main work, Shiji. The purpose of his journey was to verify the ancient rumors and legends and to visit ancient monuments, including the renowned graves of the ancient sage kings Yu and Shun. Places he had visited include Shandong, Yunnan, Hebei, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Jiangxi and Hunan.After his travels, he was chosen to be a Palace Attendant in the government whose duties were to inspect different parts of the country with Emperor Han Wudi. In 110 BC, at the age of thirty-five, Sima Qian was sent westward on a military expedition against some "barbarian" tribes. That year, his father fell ill and could not attend the Imperial Feng Sacrifice. Suspecting his time was running out, he summoned his son back to complete the historical work he had begun. Sima Tan wanted to follow the Annals of Spring and Autumn - the first chronicle in the history of Chinese literature. Fuelled by his father's inspiration, Sima Qian started to compile Shiji in 109 BC. In 105 BC, Sima was among the scholars chosen to reform the calendar. As a senior imperial official, Sima was also in the position to offer counsel to the emperor on general affairs of state.Portrait of Sima QianPortrait of Sima QianIn 99 BC, Sima Qian got involved in the Li Ling Affair: Li Ling and Li Guangli , two military officers who led a campaign against the Xiongnu in the north, were defeated and taken captive. Emperor Han Wudi attributed the defeat to Li Ling, and all the officials in the government condemned Li Ling for the defeat. Sima was the only person to defend Li Ling, who had never been his friend but whom he respected. Emperor Han Wudi interpreted Sima’s defence of Li Ling as an attack on his brother-in-law, who had also fought against the Xiongnu without much success, and sentenced Sima to death. At that time, execution could be commuted either by money or castration. Since Sima did not have enough money to atone his "crime", he chose the latter and was then thrown into prison, where he endured three years. He described his pain thus: "When you see the jailer you abjectly touch the ground with your forehead. At the mere sight of his underlings you are seized with terror... Such ignominy can never be wiped away."In 96 BC, on his release from prison, Sima chose to live on as a palace eunuch so as to complete his histories, rather than commit suicide as was expected of a gentleman-scholar. As Sima Qian's words explained: