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一.表示否定的前缀 1.dis-加在名词、形容词,动词之前。 disadvantage(缺点)dishonorable(不光彩的)disagree(不同意) 2.in-加在形容词,名词之前 incorrect(不正确的),inability(无能,无力),inaccurate(不准确的) 3.im-加在字母m,b,p之前 impossible(不顺能的),impolite(不礼貌的),impudence(厚颜无耻) 4.il-加在以1开头的词前 illegal(非法的),illiterate(文盲的,无文化的)illogical(不合逻辑的) 5.ir-加在以r开头的词前 irregular(不稳定的),irresistable(不可抵抗的),irresolvable(不能分解的,不能解决的) 6.un-加在名词,形容词,副词之前 unfinished(未完成的)undoubted(无疑的)unemployment(失业) 7.non-加在形容词,名词前 non-existence(不存在),non-essential(不主要的),non-electrical(非电的) 8.mis-加在动词、名词之前 misunderstand(误解),misjudge(误判),misleading(误导),misfortune(不幸) 9.dis-加地动词之前 disappear(消失),disarm(解除武装),disconnect(失去联系) 10.de-加在名词,形容词之前 demobilize(遣散;使…复员) decolor (脱色, 漂白) 11.anti-加在名词、形容词之前 anti-Japanese(抗日战争),anti-social(厌恶社会的,反社会的),antidite(解毒药) 12.counter-加在名词、动词前 counterattack(反攻,反击),counteract(抵抗,阻碍)counterrevolution(反革命) 二.表示“前before”的前缀 1.pre- preconception(成见),pre-exsiting(先于……而存在的),pre-selection(选举前的) preface(前言) 2.Ante- anteroom(前室,接待室),antecessor(先行者,先驱者) 3.Fore- forehaed(前额),foreground(前景),foreman(工头,领班),foresee(预见,先见),foretell(预言) 4.Pro- programme(计划),prologue(序幕) 5.Ex- ex-president(前任总统)ex-wife(前妻) 三.表示“后-post”的前缀 1.post- post-war(战后),post-position(后置词),postmeridian(下午) 四.表示“低”、“下”的前缀 1.Hypo- Hypocrisy(伪善,虚伪),hypothesis(假设),pypocholoride(次氯酸盐) 2.Infra- Infra-red(红外线),infrahuman(低于人类的),infrasonic(亚声的,次声的) 3.Sub- Sub-editou(副编辑),sub-way(地铁),sub-conscious(下意识的),submarine(海下的),subtropical(亚热带的),subtitle(副标题) 五.表示“回”、“再次”、“向后”的前缀 1.Re- Refuel(给…加油),retranslate(再译),reinforce(加强),reconstruct(重建),return(返回) 2.Retro- Retrograde(倒退的),retrospect(回顾) 六.表示“共同”、“和”的前缀 1.Co- co-exist(共存),co-operate(合作),co-education(男女同校) 七.表示“相互”、“之间”的前缀 1.Inter- Interchangeble(可互换的),interdipendert(互相依靠的),international(国际的),inter-national(交往) 八. 表示“出”、“超出”的前缀 1.Ec- Eclipse(蚀),ecstasy(狂想) 2.Extra- Extraordinary(非凡的),extramural(校外的),extrasensory(超感觉的) 九.表示“超过”的前缀 1.hyper-, preter-, super-, sur-, ultra- hyper-sensitive(过敏的),preterhuman(超人的) 十.其它的前缀 1.auto-自 automatic(自动的),auto-autobilgraphy(自传) 2.mal-坏,恶 Malnutrition(营养不良),maltreat(虐待) 3.Micro- Microscope(显微镜),microtome(切片机) 4.Tele-远 Telegram(电报),telephone(电话),telescope(望远镜) 5.Demi-,semi-hemi- Semi-circle(半圆),hemisphere(半球),demilune(半月,新月) 6.Uni-, mono-(单一, 单独) Monotone(单调),monologue(独白),uniform(制服) 7.Bi-,di-二 Biyearly(二年一次的),biweekly(二周一次的),dichloride(二氯化物) 8.Tri-三 Triangle(三角),tripld(三角架) 9.Multi-多 multi-colored(颜色多样的),multi-national(多国的) 10.Poly –多 Polygon(多角形),polytomic(多原子的) 11.Arch-首领 archbishop(大主教),architect(建筑师) 12.bene-善,好 benefit(利益),benevolence(善意) 13.homo-同 homosexual(同性恋的),homograph(同形异义字) 14.neo新 neo-colonialism(新殖民主义),neolithic(新石器时代的) 15.ortho-正确,直 orthogonal(直角的),orthodox(正统) 16.philo-挚爱 philosopher(哲学家) 17.proto-原始 protohydrogen(初氢),prototype(原型),protoplasm(原生质) 18.pseudo-假的, 伪的, 冒充的 pseudonym(匿名),pseudo-communism(假共产主义) 19.a-,ab-,abs-(只有在t,c之前)从,自 avoid(避免),absent(缺少的),abstain(抑制),abstract(吸引) 20.Apo-,aph-来自 apology(道歉,谢罪),apostle(倡言者,先驱) 21.se-分离 separation(分开),secure(安全的),sedition(煽动叛乱) 22.para-防 parachute(降落伞), 23.omni-所有的,公共的 omnibus(公共汽车),omnipotence(万能) 24.pan-全,泛 Pan-American(全美的),pancean(万灵药),panorama(风景的全貌;万花筒) 25.panto-全 pantisocracy(乌托邦大同世界),pantoscopic(视野广大) 26.dia-通过,借以 diagonal(对角的),diagnosis(诊断),dialogue(对话) 27.Per-通过,彻底,不利 perambrlate(走来走去),perfect极好的 28.trans-通过,横过 transcript(抄本, 副本; 记录),translation(翻译),trxnsparent(透明的),transport(运输),trans-plant(移植) 29.Com-,con-,cor-,col-共同,和,完全 comment(评论),compile(编辑),correlation(相互关系),collect(收集),corruption(贪污腐败),collaborate(合作,合著) 30.syn-共同 synonym(同义词),synchronization(同步),syntonic(谐振的),synthetic(人工的,合成的) 31.meta-和,在……之后 metaphor(比喻),metaphysics(形而上学) 32.Cis-在这一边 cisatlantic(大西洋这边的) 33.pen-几乎,相近 peninsular(.住在半岛上的居民,半岛(状)的, 形成半岛的) 34.en-,em-往……里,使…… encamp(扎营),enable(使……能),endear(使……受喜爱),embrace(拥抱,抓住(机会)) 35.intro内在 intracardiac(心脏内部的),intramolecular(分子内部的),intracelular(细胞内部的) 36.intro-到……中 introduce(介绍),introspect(反省,内省) 37.dys-坏 dyspepsia(消化不良),dysentry(痢疾) 38.Eu-优,美好 eulogy(颂词),euphony(悦耳的声音) 39.ambi-,amphi-两者 amphibian(两栖的),ambidextrous(两只手都很灵巧的;心怀二意的;非常灵巧的) 40.penta-五 pentagon(五角大楼),pentagram(五角星),pentameter(五步诗句) 41.sex-六 sexangle(六角),sexennial(六年一度的) 42. sept-七 September九月(古罗马的七月),septennial(七年一度) 43.hepta-七 heptab(七个成套之物),heptagon(七角形) 44.octa-,octo,oct八 octagon(八角形),octuple(八倍)October (十月) 45.nona-,ennea-九 nonagon(九角形),ennead(九个一组) 46.deci-,deca-十 decimal(十进位的),decagramme(十克) 47.centi-百 centimeter(厘米),centipede(蜈蚣) 48.milli-千 millenias(千年的),millimeter(毫米) 49.Kilo-千 kilowatt(千瓦),kilometer(千米)后缀1.-ster,-eer,-er(or)意为:从事某种职业或参与某种活动的人(person engaged in an occupation or activity)例词:gamester,gangster,songster,engineer,profiteer,mountaineer,auctioneer,driver,teacher,director,actor,professor 2.-let意为:小或者不重要的东西(small,unimportant things)例词:booklet,leaflet,starlet 3.-ette意为:1)小的东西(small)例词:cigarette 2)假的东西(imitation)例词:leatherette 3)女性(female)例词: usherette 4.-ess意为:女性(female)例词:actress,poetess,hostess,paintress 5.-hood意为:时期(status;etc.)例词:boyhood,childhood,manhood 6.-ship意为:才能,状态,资格,品质等(skill,state,condition,status,quality)例词:leadership,friendship,membership,lectureship,sportsmanship 7.-ful意为:量(the amount which noun contains)例词:cupful,handful, mouthful,spoonful 8.-tion,-ion意为:1)状态,行动等(state;action;etc.)例词:action,oppression,possession,education,starva- tion 2)机构等(institution;etc.)例词: organization,foundation 9.-ment意为:状态,行动等(state; action;etc.)例词:movement,enslavement,pavement 10.-al意为:动作(action)例词:arrival,refusal,revival,recital,removal 11.-age意为:程度,数量等(extent; amount;etc.)例词:wastage,coverage, acreage,shrinkage,breakage,hostage 12.-ness;-ity(ty)意为:状态,品质(state;quality;etc.)例词:happiness, usefulness,selfishness,kindness,rapidity,activity,sanity,changeability 13.-ism意为:道义,主义,学说等(doctrine of,practice of)例词:idealism, impressionism,absenteeism,racism 二、动词后缀 常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下: 1.-ify意为:转为,变为(to turn into,to make or become)例词:beautify, diversify,simplify 2.-ize;-en意为:使……,变得……(to make or become ;to make into)例词:modernize,popularize,legalize,hospitalize,symbolize,ripen,widen,heighten,threaten 3.-ate意为:增加,使……(give or add,make or become)例词:originate, hydrogenate,validate,differentiate 三、形容词后缀: 常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下: 1.-ful意为:充满,有(full of;hav- ing;giving;etc.)例词:useful,pitiful, hopeful,helpful,forgetful,thankful, fearful 2.-less意为:没有,无(without;not giving)例词:speechless,childless,harmless,hopeless,meaningless 3.-ly意为:有……品质的(having the qualities of)例词:beastly,manly, brotherly,friendly 4.-like意为:像……的(like)例词: childlike,statesmanlike,tiger-like 5.-y;-ish意为:像……一般的(somewhat like)例词:meaty,sandy, silky,hairy,leafy,watery,foolish,girlish,blackish,thinnish 6.-some意为:像……一样的;引起……的;有……品质的(like;causing; having the quality of)例词:troublesome,burdensome,wholesome,tiresome,bothersome 7.-able(ible)意为:能……的;可以……的(able to be ;capable)例词: changeable,readable,drinkable,comfortable,expansible,convincible 8.-ed意为:有……的(having,etc.)例词:wooded,pointed,moneyed, odd-shaped 9.-al意为:有……属性的,……类型的(nature of,typical of)例词:cultural,personal,regional,musical 10.-ary(ory)意为:属于……的,与……相连的(belonging to;connected with)例词:revolutionary,imaginary, contradictory 11.-ous意为:富含……的;有……品质的;像……的(full of;having the quality of;like)例词:glorious,erroneous,malicious,gracious 12.-ic(ical)意为:……类的;属于……的(typical of;belonging to)例词: historic,historical,methodic,methodical,dramatic,heroic 13.-ive意为:有……属性的;有某种倾向的(having the nature or quality of;given or tending to)例词:attractive, talkative,restrictive,defensive,preventive,constructive,sensitive 四、副词后缀 常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下: 1.-ly意为:以……方式(in a...manner;etc.) 例词:happily, boldly,attentive- ly,strangely 2.-ward(s)意为:表示方式或动作的方向(manner and direction of movement)例词:onward(s),backward(s),earthward(s),homeward(s),eastward(s) 3.-wise意为:1)按照……方式(in the manner of)例词:crabwise,clockwise2)就……而言(as far as ...is concerned)例词:weatherwise ,educationwise 有一个原因的单音节词,结尾只有一个单音辅音,在加以元音后缀是,要双写这个辅音.例词:run + er = runner hit + ing = hitting
再也再也不吃了
1.常用前缀aero:concerning the air or aircraftplane( 飞机)—aeroplane(飞机)space(空间, 间隔)—aerospace(航空宇宙)anti: against;opposite ofnuclear(〔核〕核子的)—antinuclear(反对使用核武器的)matter( 物质)—antimatter(反物质)war(战争、作战、 打仗)—antiwar(反战的, 反对战争的)auto: of or by oneselfbiography(传记)—autobiography(自传)criticism(批评, 批判)—autocriticism(自我反省, 自我检讨)be:to treat as the stated thingfriend(朋友, 助手)—befriend(待人如友, 帮助)little(很少的, 矮小的,很少)—belittle(轻视, 使渺小, 使...显得渺小)bi: two;twice;doublelingual(语言的)—bilingual(能说两种语言的)cycle( 自行车)—bicycle(脚踏车, 自行车)bio:concerning living thingschemistry(化学)—biochemistry(生物化学)sphere(圈子)—biosphere(生物圈)by—:less importantproduct(产品, 产物,)—by-product(副产品, 附加产物)way(路,道路)—byway(小道)centi: hundredth partgrade(等级)—centigrade(分为百度的, 百分度的, 摄氏温度的)meter(米)—centimeter(厘米)co: together, withauthor(作家, 创造者)—coauthor(合著者, 共同执笔者,合著)exist(存在, 生存)—coexist(共存)col:(used before l) together, withlocation(位置, 场所)—collocation(排列, 配置)com:(used before b, m, p)together, withpassion(激情, 热情)—compassion(同情,怜悯)con:together, withcentric(中心的, 中央的)—concentric(同中心的)federation(同盟, 联邦, 联合, 联盟)—confederation(联邦)contra:oppositediction(措辞, 用语, 言语)—contradiction(反驳, 矛盾)natural(自然的, 自然界的)—contranatural(违背自然的)cor:(used before r) together, withrelate(叙述, 讲, 使联系, 发生关系)—correlate(使相互关联,和...相关)respond(回答, 响应, 作出反应,有反应)—correspond(符合, 协调, 通信, 相当, 相应)counter:oppositeact(担当,表现, 见效)—counteract(抵消, 中和, 阻碍)attack(攻击)—counterattck(反引力)cross:across;going between the stated things and joining themcountry(乡下的, 乡村的, 〔方]祖国的, 故乡的)—cross�country(越野的, 横过田野的)breed((使)繁殖, 教养, 抚养,品种, 种类)—crossbreed(〔生物]杂种,异种交配, 培育杂种, (使)杂交)de:showing an opposite; to remove; to reducecode(代码, 密码)—decode(解码, 译解)value(评价, 重视)—devalue((=devaluate)减值, 贬值)dis:not; the opposite ofadvantage(优势, 有利条件)—disadvantage(不利, 不利条件, 缺点, 劣势)agree(同意) —disagree(不一致, 不适宜)honest(诚实的, 正直的)—dishonest(不诚实的)em:(used before b,m, p) to cause to becomebody(赋以形体)—embody(具体表达, 使具体化)power(权力,激励)—empower(授权与, 使能够)en:to cause to become; to makedanger( 威胁)—endanger(危及)large(大的, 巨大的)—enlarge(扩大, 放大)ex:former(and still living)minister(部长, 大臣)—ex�minister (前部长)wife(妻子)—ex�wife(前妻)extra:outside;beyondcurricular(课程的)—extracurricular(课外的, 业余的)ordinary(平常的, 普通的, 平凡的)—extraordinary(非常的, 特别的, 非凡的)fore:in advance, before; in or at the frontarm(臂,武器, 装备)—forearm(前臂,准备战斗, 预先武装, 准备)warn(警告)—forewarn(预先警告)il:(used before l) notlegal(法律的, 合法)—illegal(违法的, 不合规定的)literate(学者,有文化的,有阅读和写作能力的)—illiterate(违法的, 不合规定的)im:(used before b,m,p)notmoral(道德(上)的, 精神的,道德)—immoral(不道德的, 邪恶的, 放荡的, 淫荡的)possible(可能的)—impossible(不可能的)in:notdirect(径直的, 直接的)—indirect(间接的, 迂回的)sensitive(敏感的, 灵敏的)—insensitive(对...没有感觉的, 感觉迟钝的)infra:below in a range; beyondred(红(色)的)—infrared(红外线的,红外线)structure(结构,构造)—infrastructure(下部构造, 基础下部组织)inter:between;amongchange(改变, 变化)—interchange((指两人等)交换,相互交换)national(国家的, 民族的)—international(国际的, 世界的,国际性组织, 国际比赛)intra:inside, within;intocity(城市, 都市)—intracity(市内的)department(部, 局, 处, 科, 部门, 系, 学部)—intra�department(内部)ir:(used before r)notregular(规则的, 有秩序的)—irregular(不规则的, 无规律的)responsible(有责任的, 可靠的)—irresponsible(不负责任的, 不可靠的)kilo:thousandgram(克,)—kilogram(〔物〕千克, 公斤)meter(米)—kilometer(公里)macro:large, esp.concerning a whole system rather than particular parts ofparticular parts ofeconomics(经济学)—macroeconomics(宏观经济学)structure(宏观结构)—macrostructure(宏观结构)mal:bad or badlyfunction(官能, 功能, 作用)—malfunction(故障)treat(宴请, 款待)—maltreat(虐待, 滥用)micro:extremely smallcomputer(计算机, 电脑)—microcomputer(微进化)electronics(电子学)—microelectronics(〔电子]微电子学)mid:middleday(天, 白天)—midday(正午)night(夜, 夜晚)—midnight(午夜)mini:small;shortbus(公共汽车)—minibus( 小型公共汽车)skirt(裙子)—miniskirt(迷你短裙, 超短裙)mis:bad or badly;wrong or wronglyfortune( 运气, 好运)—misfortune(不幸, 灾祸)understand(懂, 了解)—misunderstand(误解, 误会)mono:one;singleplane( 飞机)—monoplane(单翼机)tone(音调, 语调)—monotone(单调的,单调)multi:more than one;manypurpose(目的, 意图)—multipurpose(多种用途的, 多目标的)national(国家的, 国立〔有]的, 民族的)—multinational( 多民族的,)non:notresident—non(�)residentsense 理性, 认识—nonsense(胡说, 废话)out:outside;eyondlive(活的, 生动的)—outlive(比...长命, 比...耐久)door(门, 通道, 家, 户)—outdoor(室外的, 户外的, 野外的)over:too much;above; additionalhead(头,头的, 主要的)—overhead(在头上的,在头顶上, 在空中, 在高处)time(时间, 时侯, 时机, )—overtime(超时, 加班, 延长时间,超时的, 加班的,加班地,使超时)poly:manycentric(中心的, 中央的)—polycentric(多中心的)syllabic(〔语] 音节主音,音节的)—polysyllabic(多音节的)post:later than;aftergraduate((大学)毕业生, 研究生,(使)(大学)毕业)—postgraduate(研究所学生, 研究生,毕业后的)war(战争,作战, 打仗)—postwar(战后的)pre:before;in advancepay(薪水, 工资,支付)—prepay(预付)war(战争,作战, 打仗)—prewar(战前的,在战前)pro:in favor of, supportingAmerica(<美>美国, 美洲(包括北美和南美洲))—pro�Americaabortion—proabortion(流产, 堕胎, 失败, 夭折, 中止, 早产)pseudo:not real;falsename( 姓名)—pseudonym(假名, 笔名)science(科学, 自然科学)—pseudoscience(假科学, 伪科学)re:again;back to the former stateunite(联合, 团结)—reunite((使)再结合)use(使用)—reuse(再使用,重新使用)self:by means of oneself or itself;of, to, with, for, or in oneself or itselfemployed(雇用, 用, 使用)—self�employedtaught(teach的过去式和过去分词)—self�taughtsemi:half;partlycircle(圆周, 圆形物)—semicircle(半圆形)final( 决赛)—semifinal(半决赛)step:not by birth but through a parent who has remarriedmother(母亲, 妈妈)—stepmother(继母)children(孩子, 孩子们)—stepchildren(继子,继女)sub:under,below;less imortant;part of the stated bigger wholedivide(分, 划分, 分开, 隔开)—subdivide(再分, 细分)section(部分)—subsection(分部, 分段)super:more, larger, greater than usualmarket(市场)—supermarket(超级市场)natural(自然的, 自然界的, 普通的, 正常的)—supernatural(超自然的, 神奇的,超自然物, 不可思议的事)tele:at or over a long distance;by or for television communication—telecommunicationscreen(屏, 银幕)—telescreen(电视屏幕,荧光屏)therm(o):concerning heatchemistry(化学)—thermochemistry(热化学)meter( 计, 表)—thermometer(温度计, 体温计)trans:across, on or to the other side of; betweenAtlantic(大西洋)—transatlantic(大西洋彼岸的)plant(种植, 栽培, 培养)—transplant(移植, 移种)tri:three;three timesangular(有角的)—triangular(三角形的)cycle( 自行车)—tricycle(三轮车, 机器三轮车)ultra:beyond;very, extremelymodern(近代的, 现代的)—ultramodern(超现代化的)sound(声音, 语音)—ultrasound(超频率音响)un:notcertain(确定的, 必然的, 可靠的)—uncertain(无常的, 不确定的, 不可预测的, 靠不住的)fortunate(幸运的, 幸福的)—unfortunate(不幸的, 使人遗憾的)under:too little;belowdevelop(发展,显影)—underdevelop((使)发展不完全, (使)显影不足)sea(海洋, 大浪)—undersea(海面下的)uni:one;singleform( 形态, 构成)—uniform(统一的, 相同的)directional(方向的)—unidirectional(单向的, 单向性的)vice�:next in the rank;belowchairman(主席, 会长)—vice�chairman(副主席, 副议长)president(总统, 会长, 行长)—vice�president(副总督, 副省长)2.常用后缀(1)名词后缀ability(能力, 才干),ibilityable(能...的, 有才能的, 能干的, 能够的)—ability(能力, 才干)flexible(有弹性的,柔韧的)—flexibility(弹性, 适应性, 机动性, 挠性)arrive(到达, 抵达)—arrival(到来, 到达, 到达者)refuse(拒绝, 谢绝)—refusal(拒绝, 推却)an, ian,arianlibrary(图书馆, 藏书室)—librarian(图书馆员, 图书管理员)music(音乐, 乐曲)—musician(音乐家)ance,enceappear(出现, 公开露面)—appearance(出现, 露面, 外貌, 外观)refer(提交, 谈及,提到, 涉及, 查阅, 咨询)—reference(提及, 涉及, 参考, 参考书目, 证明书(人), 介绍信(人))ancy,encyemerge(显现, 浮现, (事实)显现出来)—emergency(紧急情况, 突然事件, 非常时刻, 紧急事件)expect(期待, 预期)—expectancy(期待, 期望)ant,entapply(申请)—applicant(申请者, 请求者)correspond( 通信)—correspondent(通讯记者, 通信者)cyaccurate(正确的, 精确的)—accuracy(精确性, 正确度)private(私人的, 私有的, 私营的, 秘密的)—privacy(独处而不受干扰, 秘密)domking(国王, 君主, (部落的)首领, 纸牌中的K,立...为王,做国王, 统治)—kingdom(王国, 〔宗]天国, 上帝的统治, 领域)free(自由的, 免费的, 免税的, 免费)—freedom(自由, 自主, 直率, 特权)eeemploy(雇用, 用)—employee(职工, 雇员, 店员)interview(接见, 会见)—interviewee(被接见者, 被访问者)er,or,arpaint(油漆, 颜料)—painter(画家, 油漆匠)beg(请求, 乞求)—beggar(乞丐)erybrave(勇敢的)—bravery(勇敢)slave(奴隶)—slavery(奴隶身分, 奴隶制度)eryese:China(中国)—Chinese(中国的,)Japan(日本)—Japanese(日本的)essactor(男演员)—actress(女演员)waiter(侍者, 服务员)—waitress(女服务生)hand(手)—handful(一把, 少数)hoodchild(孩子, 儿女)—childhood(孩童时期)man(男人)—manbood(成年男子)icselectron(电子)—electronics(电子器件)linguist(语言学家)—linguistics(语言学)ismMarx(马克思)—Marxism(马克思主义)socialist(社会主义者)—socialism(社会主义)istpsychiatry(精神病学)—psychiatrist(精神病医师)violin(小提琴)—violinist(小提琴演奏者)ity,tycruel(残酷的, 悲惨的)—cruelty(残忍, 残酷)pure(纯的, 纯粹的)—purity(纯净, 纯洁, 纯度)mentmove(移动, 迁居)—movement(运动, 动作)retire(退休, 引退, 退却)—retirement(退休, 引退)nessdark(黑暗, 夜)—darkness(黑暗, 漆黑)happy(快乐的, 幸福的)—happiness(幸福, 快乐)ologyclimate(气候, 风土)—climatology(气候学, 风土学)future(未来, 将来)—futurology(未来学)shipfriend(朋友, 助手)—friendship(友谊, 友好)scholar(学者)—scholarship(奖学金, 学问, 学识)sion,ssiondecide(决定, 判决)—decision(决定, 决心)expand(使膨胀, 扩张)—expansion(扩充, 开展)thgrow(生长, 成长)—growth(生长, 种植)wide(宽的, 广阔的)—width(宽度)ureclose(关, 关闭)—closure(关闭,使终止)expose(使暴露, 受到, 使曝光,揭露)—exposure(暴露, 揭露, 暴光, 揭发)(2)动词后缀endeep(深的, 纵深的)—deepen(加深, 深化)fast(紧的, 牢的)—fasten(扎牢, 扣住)ifyclass(班级, 阶级)—classify(分类, 分等)simple(简单的, 简易的)—simplify(单一化, 简单化)ize,(现代人)—modernise/modernize(<主英>=modernize)popular(通俗的, 流行的, 受欢迎的)—popularise/popularize(<主英> =popularize)(3)形容词后缀able, iblequestion( 疑问)—questionable(可疑的)alnature(自然)—natural(自然的)structure(结构, 构造)—structural(结构的, 建筑的)an,arian,iansuburb(市郊, 郊区)—suburban(郊外的, 偏远的)Canada(加拿大)—Canadian(加拿大的,加拿大人)ant,entdiffer(不一致, 不同)—different(不同的)please(满足的, 使满足)—pleasant(令人愉快的, 舒适的)ary,oryadvise(劝告, 忠告, 警告)—advisory(顾问的, 咨询的, 劝告的)custom(习惯, 风俗)—customary(习惯的, 惯例的)ateconsider(考虑, 照顾)—considerate(考虑周到的)fortune(运气, 好运)—fortunate(幸运的, 幸福的)engold(黄金, 金币)—golden(金色的, 金黄色的)wood( 木材)—wooden(木制的)eseChina(中国)—Chinese(中国的, 中国人的)Japan(日本)—Japanese(日本的, 日本人的)freecare( 烦恼, 忧虑)—carefree(无忧无虑的, 轻松愉快的)duty(义务, 责任, 职责, 职务, 税)—duty—free(自由的, 大方的, 免费的, 免税的, 免费)fulcare(注意, 照料)—careful(小心的, 仔细的)pain(痛苦, 疼)—painful(疼痛的, 使痛苦的)ic,icalatom(原子)—atomic(原子的, 原子能的)psychology(心理学, 心理状态)—psychological(心理(上)的)ishgirl(女孩, 少女)—girlish(少女的, 少女似的(男孩))child(孩子)—childish(孩子气的, 幼稚的)ivecreate(创造)—creative(创造性的)support(支援,支柱)—supportive(支持的,支援的)lesshope(希望, 信心)—hopeless(没有希望的, 绝望的)pain(痛苦, 疼, 痛, 劳苦, 努力,使痛苦)—painless(无痛的, 不痛的)likechild(孩子)—childlike(孩子似的, 天真烂漫的)lady(女士, 夫人, 小姐)—ladylike(风度雍容如贵妇的, 温雅的)lyman(男人)—manly(男子气概的)month(月)—monthly(每月的,每月一次,月刊)ous,iousdanger(危险)—dangerous(危险的)poison(毒药, 败坏道德之事, 毒害,毒害, 败坏, 使中毒,放毒, 下毒)—poisonous(有毒的)sometire( 劳累, 厌倦)—tiresome(无聊的, 烦人的)trouble(烦恼, 麻烦)—troublesome(麻烦的, 讨厌的)warddown(向下的)—downward(向下的)up(向上)—upward(向上的)yguilt(罪行, 内疚)—guilty(犯罪的, 有罪的)noise(喧闹声, 噪声)—noisy(吵杂的, 聒噪的)(4)副词后缀lyeasy(容易的)—easily(容易地, 不费力地)heavy(重的, 繁重的)—heavily(很重地, 沉重地)ward,wardseast(东方, 东)—eastward(s)(向东,向东的, 朝东的)north(北, 北方)—northward(s)(向北,向北的)wiseclock(时钟)—clockwise(顺时针方向的,顺时针方向地)other(其他的, 另外的)—otherwise(另外, 不同地)
xiaoyizhu8
前缀一.表示否定的前缀 1.dis-加在名词、形容词,动词之前。 disadvantage(缺点)dishonorable(不光彩的)disagree(不同意) 2.in-加在形容词,名词之前 incorrect(不正确的),inability(无能,无力),inaccurate(不准确的) 3.im-加在字母m,b,p之前 impossible(不可能的),impolite(不礼貌的),impudence(厚颜无耻) 4.il-加在以1开头的词前 illegal(非法的),illiterate(文盲的,无文化的)illogical(不合逻辑的) 5.ir-加在以r开头的词前 irregular(不稳定的),irresistable(不可抵抗的),irresolvable(不能分解的,不能解决的) 6.un-加在名词,形容词,副词之前 unfinished(未完成的)undoubted(无疑的)unemployment(失业) 7.non-加在形容词,名词前 non-existence(不存在),non-essential(不主要的),non-electrical(非电的) 8.mis-加在动词、名词之前 misunderstand(误解),misjudge(误判),misleading(误导),misfortune(不幸) 9.dis-加在动词之前 disappear(消失),disarm(解除武装),disconnect(失去联系) 10.de-加在名词,形容词之前 demobilize(遣散;使…复员) decolor (脱色, 漂白) 11.anti-加在名词、形容词之前 anti-Japanese(抗日战争),anti-social(厌恶社会的,反社会的),antidote(解毒药) 12.counter-加在名词、动词前 counterattack(反攻,反击),counteract(抵抗,阻碍)counterrevolution(反革命) 二.表示“前before”的前缀 1.pre- preconception(成见),pre-exsiting(先于……而存在的),pre-selection(选举前的) preface(前言) 2.Ante- anteroom(前室,接待室),antecessor(先行者,先驱者) 3.Fore- forehaed(前额),foreground(前景),foreman(工头,领班),foresee(预见,先见),foretell(预言) 4.Pro- programme(计划),prologue(序幕) 5.Ex- ex-president(前任总统)ex-wife(前妻) 三.表示“后-post”的前缀 1.post- post-war(战后),post-position(后置词),postmeridian(下午) 四.表示“低”、“下”的前缀 1.Hypo- Hypocrisy(伪善,虚伪),hypothesis(假设),pypocholoride(次氯酸盐) 2.Infra- Infra-red(红外线),infrahuman(低于人类的),infrasonic(亚声的,次声的) 3.Sub- Sub-editou(副编辑),sub-way(地铁),sub-conscious(下意识的),submarine(海下的),subtropical(亚热带的),subtitle(副标题) 五.表示“回”、“再次”、“向后”的前缀 1.Re- Refuel(给…加油),retranslate(再译),reinforce(加强),reconstruct(重建),return(返回) 2.Retro- Retrograde(倒退的),retrospect(回顾) 六.表示“共同”、“和”的前缀 1.Co- co-exist(共存),co-operate(合作),co-education(男女同校) 七.表示“相互”、“之间”的前缀 1.Inter- Interchangeble(可互换的),interdependent(互相依靠的),international(国际的),inter-national(交往) 八. 表示“出”、“超出”的前缀 1.Ec- Eclipse(蚀),ecstasy(狂想) 2.Extra- Extraordinary(非凡的),extramural(校外的),extrasensory(超感觉的) 九.表示“超过”的前缀 1.hyper-, preter-, super-, sur-, ultra- hyper-sensitive(过敏的),preterhuman(超人的) 十.其它的前缀 1.auto-自 automatic(自动的),auto-autobilgraphy(自传) 2.mal-坏,恶 Malnutrition(营养不良),maltreat(虐待) 3.Micro- Microscope(显微镜),microtome(切片机) 4.Tele-远 Telegram(电报),telephone(电话),telescope(望远镜) 5.Demi-,semi-hemi- Semi-circle(半圆),hemisphere(半球),demilune(半月,新月) 6.Uni-, mono-(单一, 单独) Monotone(单调),monologue(独白),uniform(制服) 7.Bi-,di-二 Biyearly(二年一次的),biweekly(二周一次的),dichloride(二氯化物) 8.Tri-三 Triangle(三角),tripld(三角架) 9.Multi-多 multi-colored(颜色多样的),multi-national(多国的) 10.Poly –多 Polygon(多角形),polytomic(多原子的) 11.Arch-首领 archbishop(大主教),architect(建筑师) 12.bene-善,好 benefit(利益),benevolence(善意) 13.homo-同 homosexual(同性恋的),homograph(同形异义字) 14.neo新 neo-colonialism(新殖民主义),neolithic(新石器时代的) 15.ortho-正确,直 orthogonal(直角的),orthodox(正统) 16.philo-挚爱 philosopher(哲学家) 17.proto-原始 protohydrogen(初氢),prototype(原型),protoplasm(原生质) 18.pseudo-假的, 伪的, 冒充的 pseudonym(匿名),pseudo-communism(假共产主义) 19.a-,ab-,abs-(只有在t,c之前)从,自 avoid(避免),absent(缺少的),abstain(抑制),abstract(吸引) 20.Apo-,aph-来自 apology(道歉,谢罪),apostle(倡言者,先驱) 21.se-分离 separation(分开),secure(安全的),sedition(煽动叛乱) 22.para-防 parachute(降落伞), 23.omni-所有的,公共的 omnibus(公共汽车),omnipotence(万能) 24.pan-全,泛 Pan-American(全美的),pancean(万灵药),panorama(风景的全貌;万花筒) 25.panto-全 pantisocracy(乌托邦大同世界),pantoscopic(视野广大) 26.dia-通过,借以 diagonal(对角的),diagnosis(诊断),dialogue(对话) 27.Per-通过,彻底,不利 perambrlate(走来走去),perfect极好的 28.trans-通过,横过 transcript(抄本, 副本; 记录),translation(翻译),transparent(透明的),transport(运输),trans-plant(移植) 29.Com-,con-,cor-,col-共同,和,完全 comment(评论),compile(编辑),correlation(相互关系),collect(收集),corruption(贪污腐败),collaborate(合作,合著) 30.syn-共同 synonym(同义词),synchronization(同步),syntonic(谐振的),synthetic(人工的,合成的) 31.meta-和,在……之后 metaphor(比喻),metaphysics(形而上学) 32.Cis-在这一边 cisatlantic(大西洋这边的) 33.pen-几乎,相近 peninsular(.住在半岛上的居民,半岛(状)的, 形成半岛的) 34.en-,em-往……里,使…… encamp(扎营),enable(使……能),endear(使……受喜爱),embrace(拥抱,抓住(机会)) 35.intro内在 intracardiac(心脏内部的),intramolecular(分子内部的),intracelular(细胞内部的) 36.intro-到……中 introduce(介绍),introspect(反省,内省) 37.dys-坏 dyspepsia(消化不良),dysentry(痢疾) 38.Eu-优,美好 eulogy(颂词),euphony(悦耳的声音) 39.ambi-,amphi-两者 amphibian(两栖的),ambidextrous(两只手都很灵巧的;心怀二意的;非常灵巧的) 40.penta-五 pentagon(五角大楼),pentagram(五角星),pentameter(五步诗句) 41.sex-六 sexangle(六角),sexennial(六年一度的) 42. sept-七 September九月(古罗马的七月),septennial(七年一度) 43.hepta-七 heptab(七个成套之物),heptagon(七角形) 44.octa-,octo,oct八 octagon(八角形),octuple(八倍)October (十月) 45.nona-,ennea-九 nonagon(九角形),ennead(九个一组) 46.deci-,deca-十 decimal(十进位的),decagramme(十克) 47.centi-百 centimeter(厘米),centipede(蜈蚣) 48.milli-千 millenias(千年的),millimeter(毫米) 49.Kilo-千 kilowatt(千瓦),kilometer(千米) 后缀后缀-名词后缀 常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下: 1.-ster,-eer,-er(or)意为:从事某种职业或参与某种活动的人(person engaged in an occupation or activity)例词:gamester,gangster,songster,engineer,profiteer,mountaineer,auctioneer,driver,teacher,director,actor,professor 2.-let意为:小或者不重要的东西(small,unimportant things)例词:booklet,leaflet,starlet 3.-ette意为:1)小的东西(small)例词:cigarette 2)假的东西(imitation)例词:leatherette 3)女性(female)例词: usherette 4.-ess意为:女性(female)例词:actress,poetess,hostess,paintress 5.-hood意为:时期(status;etc.)例词:boyhood,childhood,manhood 6.-ship意为:才能,状态,资格,品质等(skill,state,condition,status,quality)例词:leadership,friendship,membership,lectureship,sportsmanship 7.-ful意为:量(the amount which noun contains)例词:cupful,handful, mouthful,spoonful 8.-tion,-ion意为:1)状态,行动等(state;action;etc.)例词:action,oppression,possession,education,starva- tion 2)机构等(institution;etc.)例词: organization,foundation 9.-ment意为:状态,行动等(state; action;etc.)例词:movement,enslavement,pavement 10.-al意为:动作(action)例词:arrival,refusal,revival,recital,removal 11.-age意为:程度,数量等(extent; amount;etc.)例词:wastage,coverage, acreage,shrinkage,breakage,hostage 12.-ness;-ity(ty)意为:状态,品质(state;quality;etc.)例词:happiness, usefulness,selfishness,kindness,rapidity,activity,sanity,changeability 13.-ism意为:道义,主义,学说等(doctrine of,practice of)例词:idealism, impressionism,absenteeism,racism[编辑本段]后缀-动词后缀 常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下: 1.-ify意为:转为,变为(to turn into,to make or become)例词:beautify, diversify,simplify 2.-ize;-en意为:使……,变得……(to make or become ;to make into)例词:modernize,popularize,legalize,hospitalize,symbolize,ripen,widen,heighten,threaten 3.-ate意为:增加,使……(give or add,make or become)例词:originate, hydrogenate,validate,differentiate[编辑本段]后缀-形容词后缀 常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下: 1.-ful意为:充满,有(full of;hav- ing;giving;etc.)例词:useful,pitiful, hopeful,helpful,forgetful,thankful, fearful 2.-less意为:没有,无(without;not giving)例词:speechless,childless,harmless,hopeless,meaningless 3.-ly意为:有……品质的(having the qualities of)例词:beastly,manly, brotherly,friendly 4.-like意为:像……的(like)例词: childlike,statesmanlike,tiger-like 5.-y;-ish意为:像……一般的(somewhat like)例词:meaty,sandy, silky,hairy,leafy,watery,foolish,girlish,blackish,thinnish 6.-some意为:像……一样的;引起……的;有……品质的(like;causing; having the quality of)例词:troublesome,burdensome,wholesome,tiresome,bothersome 7.-able(ible)意为:能……的;可以……的(able to be ;capable)例词: changeable,readable,drinkable,comfortable,expansible,convincible 8.-ed意为:有……的(having,etc.)例词:wooded,pointed,moneyed, odd-shaped 9.-al意为:有……属性的,……类型的(nature of,typical of)例词:cultural,personal,regional,musical 10.-ary(ory)意为:属于……的,与……相连的(belonging to;connected with)例词:revolutionary,imaginary, contradictory 11.-ous意为:富含……的;有……品质的;像……的(full of;having the quality of;like)例词:glorious,erroneous,malicious,gracious 12.-ic(ical)意为:……类的;属于……的(typical of;belonging to)例词: historic,historical,methodic,methodical,dramatic,heroic 13.-ive意为:有……属性的;有某种倾向的(having the nature or quality of;given or tending to)例词:attractive, talkative,restrictive,defensive,preventive,constructive,sensitive[编辑本段]后缀-副词后缀 常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下: 1.-ly意为:以……方式(in a...manner;etc.) 例词:happily, boldly,attentive- ly,strangely 2.-ward(s)意为:表示方式或动作的方向(manner and direction of movement)例词:onward(s),backward(s),earthward(s),homeward(s),eastward(s) 3.-wise意为:1)按照……方式(in the manner of)例词:crabwise,clockwise2)就……而言(asfar as ...is concerned)例词:weatherwise ,educationwise
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