局外人英文感想

《局外人》是法国著名存在主义作家加缪的第一部小说，也是他的代表作之一。整部作品以平淡语言叙述，通过主人公心理与外部环境的描写，反映了主人公默而索与外部世界的关系，即默而索是这个世界的局外人，他与这个世界格格不入。 小说以默而索母亲的死开篇，母亲的死并没有让他过度的伤心，他甚至连母亲的最后一眼都不看，也不流泪，将母亲埋葬后，他为回到阿尔及尔离开那鬼地方而兴奋不已，“我想到我要上床睡它十二个钟头时我所感到的喜悦”。回到阿尔及尔，他便和女友鬼混在一起，游泳、看滑稽电影，他早将母亲之死抛之脑后。对于老板的调任巴黎，他的回答是“生活是无法改变的，什么样的生活都一样，我在这儿的生活并不使我不高兴”。而女友的求婚，他的态度是“怎么样都行”。邻居莱蒙请他写信，让他帮助自己对付自己的情人，他想都没想，欣然答应，“他问我是不是马上写不方便，我说不”。而他不知道，他在不自觉地卷入一场斗殴中，最后在海边，他开枪打死了一个对手。 接着，他被审判，虽然他有罪，但对他的指控却让人发笑。对母亲的死无动于衷成了检察官手中的把柄，他振振有词地说道：“我控告这个人怀着一颗杀人犯的心埋葬了一位母亲。”于是，默而索被判了死刑，但他似乎对这一切毫不在乎，当他知道上诉无望之后，他依然平静地等待着死亡，并拒绝向神父做自己最后的忏悔。 整篇作品以时间为线索，可归纳如下：母亲之死—→被调任与女友求婚—→帮邻居对付其情人—→开枪杀人—→被判死刑。整个过程似乎默而索都是一个“局外人”，他对这个世界似乎麻木了，对于一切东西，他都接受，唯独最后拒绝对上帝的忏悔。 但我认为默而索似“局外人”但非“局外人”，他时时刻刻参与到这个世界当中，他一心想按自己的方式活在这个世界上。之所以把母亲送进养老院，是因为自己和母亲无话可说，而养老院里有许多老人作伴，他“明白为什么她要在晚年又找了个‘未婚夫’，为什么她又玩起了‘重新再来’的游戏”，他认为“母亲已经离死亡那么近了，该是感到解脱了。任何人，任何人也没有权利哭她”。所以，对默而索而言，真实情感与外在的表现并无关系，他虽伤心，但母亲的死并不会让他流泪。对于老板的摊派巴黎，他并没有雄心大志，他知道“生活是无法改变的，什么样的生活都一样，我在这儿的生活并不使我不高兴”。女友的求婚，他认为“这无关紧要，如果她想，我们可以结婚”。以上两点说明默而索对自己拥有的一切已知足，他不是一个对生活贪婪的索取者。出于对邻居的帮助，他写信帮邻居对付其情人，杀死阿拉伯人是因为他当时产生了幻觉，他看见“刀锋闪闪发光，仿佛一把寒光四射的长剑刺中了我的头”。在监狱里，他屡次拒绝接见神父，因为他不信上帝，是因为他“对自己有把握，对一切都有把握，比他（上帝）有把握，对我的生命和那即将到来的死亡有把握”。到离死前，他“体验到了这个世界如此像我，如此友爱，我觉得我过去是幸福的，我现在仍然是幸福的”。 但默而索的价值观和世界观显然与整个社会要求它的成员信守的传统的价值观念和行为模式是互相排斥的，这个世界不断在排斥他，所以他成了这个世界的“局外人”，被处决时，他发出了最后的喊声：“为了把一切都做得完美，为了使我感到不那么孤独，我还希望处决我的那一天有很多人来观看，希望他们对我报以仇恨的喊叫声。”

The Stranger By Albert Camus Translated from the French by Stuart Gilbert The sky was already a blaze of light, and the air stoking up rapidly. I felt the first waves of heat lapping my back, and my dark suit made things worse. I couldn’t imagine why we waited so long for getting under way. Old Pérez, who had put on his hat, took it off again. I had turned slightly in his direction and was looking at him when the warden started telling me more about him. I remember his saying that old Pérez and my mother used often to have a longish stroll together in the cool of the evening; sometimes they went as far as the village, accompanied by a nurse, of course. 天已经亮了，空气迅速变得燥热。我的背已经感受到热浪的袭击，而身上的黑色西装让情况变得更糟糕。我想不出为什么我们等了这么久还没开始出发。老佩雷斯又摘掉了帽子。看门人跟我说起老佩雷斯的事，而我稍稍转过身子，在一边打量老佩雷斯。看门人说，晚上凉快，老佩雷斯和我母亲常常一起散步，走很久；有时候他们会走到村子那边。当然，有一个护士会陪着他们。 I looked at the countryside, at the long lines of cypresses sloping up toward the skyline and the hills, the hot red soil dappled with vivid green, and here and there a lonely house sharply outlined against the light-and I could understand Mother’s feelings. Evenings in these parts must be a sort of mournful solace. Now, in the full glare of the morning sun, with everything shimmering in the heat haze, there was something inhuman, discouraging, about this landscape. 我看着四周的田野，一排排的柏树从天边延伸到小山，温热的红色土壤之间点缀着点点绿意，随处可见一座座房子，在阳光下孤独地矗立着——我能体会母亲的心情。晚上的时候，这样的光景披上哀伤的外衣，能给人安慰。现在太阳高照，在热浪中的万物闪烁着光芒，眼前的田野看起来太惨白，让人悲伤。 Soon after this incident the court rose. As I was being taken from the courthouse to the prison van, I was conscious for a few brief moments of the once familiar feel of a summer evening out-of-doors. And, sitting in the darkness of my moving cell, I recognized, echoing in my tired brain, all the characteristic sounds of a town I’d loved, and of a certain hour of the day which I had always particularly enjoyed. The shouts of newspaper boys in the already languid air, the last calls of birds in the public garden, the cries of sandwich vendors, the screech of streetcars at the steep corners of the upper town, and that faint rustling overhead as darkness sifted down upon the harbor—all these sounds made my return to prison like a blind man’s journey along a route whose every inch he knows by heart. 这之后，法院休庭了。我被押回囚车。有一会，我感受到了外面夏天夜晚才有的心情，这对我来说并不陌生。坐在移动囚房的黑暗中，尽管我的脑袋已经很疲劳，我还是听到了那些我喜爱的镇上独有的声音，尤其是这个时刻才有的声音。卖报童疲倦的喊声，公园里小鸟归家的歌声，三明治小贩的叫卖，汽车在拐向城市的陡峭下坡路发出的尖锐摩擦声，还有海港上空传来的细微的铁器打击声——囚车开往监狱的路上，就算看不见，有了这些声音，我对沿途的一切了然于胸。 Yes, this was the evening hour when—how long ago it seemed!—I always felt so well content with life. Then, what awaited me was a night of easy, dreamless sleep. This was the same hour, but with a difference; I was returning to a cell, and what awaited me was a night haunted by forebodings of the coming day. And so I learned that familiar paths traced in the dusk of summer evenings may lead as well to prisons as to innocent, untroubled sleep.  就是这样的时刻—那是多久以前了啊—我总是感到满足和幸福。在那样的夜晚，等待我的是无忧无虑，一觉无梦。现在又到了那样的时刻，但是生活变了。我将回到牢房，这一夜我得担忧即将到来的命运。现在我明白了，相同的路途，相同的夏天黄昏，盼来的可能是监狱，也有可能是一个好觉。 I had been shouting so much that I'd lost my breath, and just then the jailers rushed in and started trying to release the chaplain from my grip. One of them made as if to strike me. The chaplain quietened them down, then gazed at me for a moment without speaking. I could see tears in his eyes. Then he turned and left the cell. 我一直大喊大叫，差点喘不上气。那时候狱卒都冲了进来，试图把牧师从我的拳头下解救出来。有一个狱卒似乎想攻击我。牧师让他们都冷静下来，然后他沉默地盯着我看了一会，眼里满含泪水。他转身走了，离开了牢房。 Once he'd gone, I felt calm again. But all this excitement had exhausted me and I dropped heavily on my sleeping plank. I must have had a longish sleep, for, when I woke, the stars were shining down on my face. Sound of the country side came faintly in, and the cool night air, veined with smells’ of earth and salt,fanned my cheeks. The marvelous peace of the sleepbound summer night flooded through me like a tide. Then, just on the edge of daybreak, I heard a steamer’s siren.People were starting on a voyage to a world which had ceased to concern me forever. Almost for the first time in many months I thought of my mother. And now, it seemed to me, I understood why at her life’s end she had taken on a “fiancé”; why she’d played at making a fresh start. There, too, in that Home where lives were flickering out, the dusk came as a mournful solace. With death so near, Mother must have left like someone on the brink of freedom, ready to start life all over again. No one, no one in the world had any right to weep for her. And I, too, felt ready to start life all over again. It was as if that great rush of anger had washed me clean, emptied me of hope, and, gazing up at the dark sky spangled with its signs and stars, for the first time, the first, I laid my heart open to the benign indifference of the universe. To feel it so like myself, indeed, so brotherly, made me realize that I’d been happy, and that I was happy still. For all to be accomplished, for me to feel less lonely, all that remained to hope was that on the day of my execution there should be a huge crowd of spectators and that they should greet me with howls of execration. 牧师走了之后，我平静了下来。但是激动劲一过，整个人疲惫不堪，一头载到床铺上了。我想我应该睡了很长时间。我醒来的时候，星星已经爬上了天空。耳边隐约能听到从乡村传来的声音，凉爽的风，夹着泥土和盐巴的气味，拂过我的脸颊。夏天的夜，格外宁静，我的心也是宁静的。黎明降至之际，外面响起了轮船的汽笛声。人们开始了征程，去往一个与我无关的世界。就在当下，几个月以来，我第一次想到了我的母亲。现在我理解了她为什么在晚年还找一个“未婚夫”，为什么她想要一个新的开始。在养老院，那里的人已经在生命的尽头了，黄昏对他们来说是一种安慰。那时候，母亲已然觉得没有了包袱，准备好了开始新的生活。在这个世界上，没有任何人，谁也没有权利为我母亲哭泣。我呢，我也准备好迎接全新的生活了。之前强烈的愤怒似乎把我掏空了，把希望也带走了。我看着黑夜中的星星和轨迹，第一次，有生以来的第一次，我敞开我的心，拥抱这仁慈又冷漠的宇宙。我的世界完完全全属于我，很亲切，我相信我会幸福的，就像过去那样。这一切过后，我唯一的希望就是，那天的行刑会有很多人能来观看，他们会憎恶我，咒骂我。这样想想，也就不那么寂寞了。

《局外人》(The Outsiders)，作者S.E.Hinton,写这本书时只有16岁,这是她的处女作。 作品描写帮派斗争和帮派成员的心理成长历程。小说中描写了两个对立的黑帮：The Greaser和The Socs的故事。The Outsider是指无论如何努力也无法取胜的人。小说中The outsider明指The Greaser，但是却暗示这两个黑帮都是The Outsiders，因为无论他们如何有侠气，如何从烈火燃烧的教堂中救出儿童，他们仍然无法获得社会丝毫的同情与尊重。此书乃美国90年代百本禁书之一。 没有全文翻译。