姹紫嫣红NEI
jazz:爵士乐Jazz is an original American musical art form that originated around the start of the 20th century in New Orleans, rooted in African American musical styles blended with Western music technique and theory. Jazz uses blue notes, syncopation, swing, call and response, polyrhythms, and improvisation.European JazzOutside of the United States the beginnings of a distinctly European jazz started emerging. At first this came mostly in France with the Quintette du Hot Club de France being among the first non-US bands of significance to jazz history. The playing of Django Reinhardt in particular would be important to the rise of gypsy jazz, which is one of the earliest genres to start outside the US.爵士乐，一种起源于非洲的音乐形式。爵士乐缘自比它更早出现的一些美国黑人音乐（如蓝调，福音歌曲等），而这些音乐是美国黑人根植于其非洲音乐传统的基础上结合他们在现实中的遭遇创作出来的。早期布鲁斯主要表现黑人的悲惨境遇和底层生活状态，大多比较凄苦，福音歌曲主要是（向上帝）祈求平安，希望得到救赎。爵士乐在其发展过程中除了有黑人音乐的根源外，还吸收了如古典音乐，民族音乐等诸多音乐元素，逐渐形成了今天多门多类的爵士乐，所传递的内容也更为多样，不光只是早期的“黑人风格”。
chunping1988
源自美国黑人的爵士乐19世纪末发祥于美国南部路易斯安那州的新奥尔良市，至今已有百年历史。从最早期的“拉格泰姆”和“民间蓝调”到颇具规模的新奥尔良爵士乐；从20年代着名的以集体即兴演奏为主的“迪克西兰”到30年代以伴舞为主要职能的“摇摆乐”；从40年代追求高超的以和弦演奏为基础做即兴演奏的“比波普”到50、60年代风格迥异的“比波普”和“酷”以及随后的“自由”派；从70、80年代“摇滚”和爵士乐的融合，“合成”的出现到90年代“新经典主义”的诞生；直至今天，每一种爵士风格都活跃在舞台上。具有 强烈持久生命力的爵士乐经过百年的演变和融合，早已突破了地域、种族和国界的局限，成为一种世界性的音乐。 爵士乐在中国的历史可追溯到半个多世纪之前。叁、四十年代的上海就是爵士乐在中国的栖息地，曾出现过相当规模的爵士乐演出和一些颇具水准的爵士乐音乐家。不过那时的爵士乐主要是为舞厅伴舞。几十年的沧桑变迁，爵士乐在中国几乎销声匿迹，出现了近四十年的断层。而这期间正是爵士乐重要的发展阶段。爵士乐早已摆脱了四平八稳的伴舞的音乐形式，融合了丰富的音乐风格、文化特质和演奏技巧，最具音乐自身的魅力、表现力和感染力，早已置身于高雅艺术的行列。八十年代末以来，爵士乐在中国复兴，并赢得越来越大的发展空间。 今天的爵士乐早已超越了各种单一的音乐文化形式，发展成为一种属于精神范畴的音乐，它最能体现音乐家灵感和和创新，它既有个人独奏、小乐团，也有类似交响乐团的大乐队编制。在当今世上能与古典音乐相提并论的恐怕唯有爵士乐了。因为爵士乐不仅旋律、和声和节奏方面极具特色，更主要的是它复活了古典音乐失传已久的即兴演奏。此外，爵士乐强劲的节奏、复杂的和弦体系以及高超的演奏技巧等等都因音乐家不同的喜好、文化背景和生活的体验而有不同的反映和表现。爵士乐通过它独特的音乐语言，从不重复的、饱涵丰富文化特征的、极具个性的灵活的音乐演奏，时而低沉忧伤，如泣如诉，时而强劲高亢，激动奔放，直探听者的心底，给人深刻的精神体验和心灵的喜悦。
苏州小诸葛
Overview Jazz has roots in the combination of Western and African music traditions, including spirituals, blues and ragtime, stemming from West Africa, western Sahel, and New England's religious hymns, hillbilly music, and European military band music. After originating in African American communities near the beginning of the 20th century, jazz styles spread in the 1920s, influencing other musical styles. The origins of the word jazz are uncertain. The word is rooted in American slang, and various derivations have been suggested. [1] Jazz is rooted in the blues, the folk music of former enslaved Africans in the U.S. South and their descendants, which is influenced by West African cultural and musical traditions that evolved as black musicians migrated to the cities. Jazz musician Wynton Marsalis states that "Jazz is something Negroes invented...the nobility of the race put into sound ... jazz has all the elements, from the spare and penetrating to the complex and enveloping.[2] The instruments used in marching bands and dance band music at the turn of century became the basic instruments of jazz: brass, reeds, and drums, using the Western 12-tone scale. A "...black musical spirit (involving rhythm and melody) was bursting out of the confines of European musical tradition [of the marching bands], even though the performers were using European styled instruments.[3] Small bands of Black musicians which led funeral processions in New Orleans played a seminal role in the articulation and dissemination of early jazz, traveling throughout black communities in the Deep South and to northern cities. This early proto-jazz music was done primarily by self-taught musicians. The postbellum network of black-established schools, as well as civic societies and widening mainstream opportunities for education, produced more formally trained African-American musicians. Lorenzo Tio and Scott Joplin were schooled in classical European musical forms. Joplin, the son of a former slave and a free-born woman of color, was largely self-taught until age 11, when he received lessons in the fundamentals of music theory. Black musicians with formal music skills helped to preserve and disseminate the essentially improvisational musical styles of jazz.
