平面设计英文文献

网页设计的要点是设计第一而技术其次 网页设计--------网站是企业向用户和网民提供信息(包括产品和服务)的一种方式,是企业开展电子商务的基础设施和信息平台，离开网站（或者只是利用第三方网站）去谈电子商务是不可能的。企业的网址被称为“网络商标”，也是企业无形资产的组成部分，而网站是INTERNET上宣传和反映企业形象和文化的重要窗口。企业网站设计显得极为重要，下面是一些网站设计中应注意的原则。 一、 明确建立网站的目标和用户需求 Web站点的设计是展现企业形象、介绍产品和服务、体现企业发展战略的重要途径，因此我们必须明确设计站点的目的和用户需求，从而做出切实可行的设计计划。我们会根据消费者的需求、市场的状况、企业自身的情况等进行综合分析，以“消费者（customer)”为中心，而不是以“美术”为中心进行设计规划。 在设计规划时我们会考虑： 建设网站的目的是什么？ 为谁提供服务和产品？ 企业能提供什么样的产品和服务？ 网站的目的消费者和受众的特点是什么？ 企业产品和服务适合什么样的表现方式（风格）？ 二、网页设计总体方案主题鲜明 在目标明确的基础上，完成网站的构思创意即总体设计方案。对网站的整体风格和特色作出定位，规划网站的组织结构。 Web站点应针对所服务对象（机构或人）的不同而具有不同的形式。有些站点只提供简洁文本信息；有些则采用多媒体表现手法，提供华丽的图像、闪烁的灯光、复杂的页面布置，甚至可以下载声音和录像片段。好的Web站点把图形表现手法和有效的组织与通信结合起来。 为了做到主题鲜明突出，要点明确，我们将按照客户的要求，以简单明确的语言和画面体现站点的主题；调动一切手段充分表现网站点的个性和情趣，办出网站的特点。 Web站点主页应具备的基本成分包括： 页头：准确无误地标识你的站点和企业标志； Email地址：用来接收用户垂询； 联系信息：如普通邮件地址或电话； 版权信息：声明版权所有者等。 充分利用已有信息，如客户手册．公共关系文档．技术手册和数据库等。 三、网站的版式设计 网页设计作为一种视觉语言，特别讲究编排和布局，虽然主页的设计不等同于平面设计，但它们有许多相近之处。 版式设计通过文字图形的空间组合，表达出和谐与美。 多页面站点页面的编排设计要求把页面之间的有机联系反映出来，特别要处理好页面之间和页面内的秩序与内容的关系。为了达到最佳的视觉表现效果，我们将反复推敲整体布局的合理性，使浏览者有一个流畅的视觉体验。 四、色彩在网页设计中的作用 色彩是艺术表现的要素之一。在网页设计中，我们的设计师根据和谐、均衡和重点突出的原则，将不同的色彩进行组合．搭配来构成美丽的页面。 根据色彩对人们心理的影响，合理地加以运用。如果您的企业有CIS（企业形象识别系统），我们将按照其中的VI进行色彩运用。 五、网页设计形式与内容相统一 为了将丰富的意义和多样的形式组织成统一的页面结构，形式语言必须符合页面的内容，体现内容的丰富含义。 灵活运用对比与调和、对称与平衡、节奏与韵律以及留白等手段，通过空间、文字、图形之间的相互关系建立整体的均衡状态，产生和谐的美感。如对称原则在页面设计中， 它的均衡有时会使页面显得呆板，但如果加入一些富有动感的文字、图案，或采用夸张的手法来表现内容往往会达到比较好的效果。 点、线、面作为视觉语言中的基本元素，巧妙地互相穿插、互相衬托、互相补充构成最佳的页面效果，充分表达完美的设计意境。 六、三维空间的构成和虚拟现实 网络上的三维空间是一个假想空间，这种空间关系需借助动静变化．图像的比例关系等空间因素表现出来。 在页面中，图片、文字位置前后叠压，或页面位置变化所产生的视觉效果都各不相同。通过图片、文字前后叠压所构成的空间层次不太适合网页设计，根据现有浏览器的特点，网页设计适合比较规范、简明的页面，尽管这种叠压排列能产生强节奏的空间层次，视觉效果强烈。 网页上常见的是页面上、下、左、右、中位置所产生的空间关系，以及疏密的位置关系所产生的空间层次，这两种位置关系使产生的空间层次富有弹性，同时也让人产生轻松或紧迫的心理感受。 现在，人们已不满足于HTML语言编制的二维Web页面，三维世界的诱惑开始吸引更多的人，虚拟现实要在Web网上展示其迷人的风采，于是VRML语言出现了。VRML是一种面向对象的语言，它类似Web超级链接所使用的HTML语言，也是一种基于文本的语言，并可以运行在多种平台之上，只不过能够更多地为虚拟现实环境服务。 七、网页设计中多媒体功能的利用 网络资源的优势之一是多媒体功能。要吸引浏览者注意力，网页的内容可以用三维动画、FLASH等来表现。但要由于网络带宽的限制，在使用多媒体的形式表现网页的内容时不得不考虑客户端的传输速度。 八。结构清晰并且便于使用。 如果人们看不懂或很难看懂您的网站，那么，他如何了解你的企业和服务呢？使用一些醒目的标题或文字来突出您的产品与服务。并且即使您拥有最棒的产品，如果客户从您的网站上不清楚您在介绍什么或不清楚如何受益的话，他们是不会喜欢您的网站的，这就是网页设计的失败。 九。导向清晰。 网页设计中导航使用超文本链接或图片链接，使人们能够在您的网站上自由前进或后退，而不会让他们使用浏览器上的前进或后退。我们在所有的图片上使用“ALT”标识符注明图片名称或解释，以便那些不愿意自动加载图片的观众能够了解图片的含义。 十。快速的下载时间。 很多的浏览者不会进入需要等待5分钟下载时间才能进入的网站，在互联网上30秒的等待时间与我们平常10分钟等待时间的感觉相同。因此，我们会建议您在网页设计中尽量避免使用过多的图片及体积过大的图片。我们通常会与客户合作，将主要页面的容量控制在50K以内，平均30K左右，确保普通浏览者页面等待时间不超过10秒。 十一。非图形的内容。 我们在必要时适当使用动态“Gif”图片，为减少动画容量，应用巧妙设计的Java动画可以用很小的容量使图形或文字产生动态的效果。但是，由于在互联网浏览的大多是一些寻找信息的人们，我们仍然建议您要确定您的网站将为他们提供的是有价值的内容，而不是过度的装饰。 十二。方便的反馈及订购程序。 让客户明确您所能提供的产品或服务并让他们非常方便地订购是您获得成功的重要因素。如果客户在您的网站上产生了购买产品或服务的欲望，您是否能够让他们尽快实现吗？是在线还是离线？ 十三、网站测试和改进 测试实际上是模拟用户询问网站的过程，用以发现问题并改进网页设计。我们通常与用户共同安排网站测试。Web page design elements are design and technology followed by the first Web Design -------- website are Internet users and enterprises to provide information (including products and services) a way of conducting e-commerce enterprise infrastructure and information platform, leave the website (or just use a third party website) to talk about e-commerce is impossible. Enterprise's website is called "network trade mark" is also an integral part of corporate intangible assets, and the website are INTERNET reflect on publicity and corporate image and culture, an important window. Enterprise web design is extremely important, the following are some web design principles should be noted. First, clear goals and set up web user needs Web site design is to show corporate image, introduce products and services, enterprise development strategies embody an important way, so we must clear the purpose of site design and user needs, thereby making a practical design of the project. We will in accordance with consumer demands and market conditions, the enterprise's own situation to make a comprehensive analysis in order to "consumer (customer)" as the center, instead of "Art" as the center design and planning. Designed at the planning stage we will consider: Building website What is the purpose? For whom the provision of services and products? Enterprises can provide what kind of products and services? The purpose of web consumers and what are the characteristics of the audience? Enterprise products and services fit what kind of expression (style)? Two, homepage design, a clear overall plan subject At the basis of specific objectives to complete the idea of web design program that is creative. On the website of the overall style and features make positioning, planning the organizational structure of the website. Web sites should be targeted by the Service object (or person) is different with different forms. Some sites provide only simple text messages; some use of multimedia methods, to provide beautiful images, flashing lights, complex page layout, or even voice and video clips download. Web site best practices and put graphics performance effective organization and communication together. Subject in order to achieve sharp prominent, the main points clear, we will be in accordance with the requirements of customers, in a simple language and images specific embodiment of the subject site; mobilize all means to the full performance of web sites and fun personality, do the characteristics of a website. Web Site Home Page should have the basic ingredients include: Page headers: an accurate and precise identification of your site and business signs; Email Address: to receive the user information; contact information: such as regular mail addresses or phone; copyright information: Copyright Statement persons. Make full use of existing information, such as manual clients. Public relations document. Technical manuals and databases. Three, the website layout Web page design as a visual language, in particular, pay attention to presentation and layout, although the Home page of the design is not the same as graphic design, but they have many similarities. Layout of the space through the combination of graphic language to express the harmony with the United States. Multi-page site page layout design requirements put the organic links between pages reflected, in particular, handle between pages and page content within the order and relationship. In order to achieve the best visual performance results, we will be repeated deliberation, the reasonableness of the overall layout so that visitors have a smooth visual experience. Four colors in the role of Web Design Color is one of the elements of artistic expression. At Web Design, our designers according to a harmonious, balanced and focused principles, will be a different color combination. Mix to form the beauty pages. According to color on people's psychological impact, reasonable use of them. If your business has CIS (Corporate Identity System), we will be one of the VI in accordance with the use of color. Friday, homepage design, unity of form and content In order to enrich the meaning and the form of a variety of pages organized into a unified structure, the form of the language must conform to the page content, reflecting the rich meaning of the content. Flexibility in the use of contrast and reconcile, symmetrical and balanced, rhythm and rhythm as well as the blank and other means, through the space, language, graphics, set up the relationship between the overall balance status, resulting in aesthetic harmony. Symmetry principles such as the page design, it's balanced and sometimes the page will appear dull, but if some exciting add text, images, or exaggerated approach to the performance of the content tends to achieve relatively good results. Point, line and plane as the visual language of the basic elements, skillfully interspersed with each other, mutual background, complement each other constitute the best page results, the full expression of the design of perfect mood. Six, three-dimensional composition and Virtual Reality Network on the three-dimensional space is an imaginary space, the static and dynamic changes in spatial relationship to another. The proportion of the relationship between image space factors manifested. At page, picture, text position before and after叠压, or location Change page generated visual effects are varied. Through pictures, text before and after叠压posed by space-level web design do not fit, according to the characteristics of the existing browser, web page design a fairly standard fit, concise pages, even though this can generate strong叠压with the rhythm of the space level, strong visual effects. Website pages are common on the upper and lower, left, right, in the space generated by the location, as well as the location of the relationship between density generated by the space level, the relationship between these two positions so that the space generated by the level of flexibility, but also Easily create or urgent psychological feel. Now people are no longer satisfied with HTML language of Web pages produced by two-dimensional, three-dimensional world, the temptation to begin to attract more people, virtual reality Web at online want to display their charming demeanor, so VRML language emerged. VRML is an object-oriented language, it is similar to Web hyperlinks used in HTML language, is also a text-based language, and can run in a variety of platforms, but be able to more environmental services for the virtual reality . Seven, web page design in the use of multimedia features One of the advantages of network resources are multimedia functions. Want to attract the attention of viewers, the content of web pages can be used three-dimensional animation, FLASH, etc. to the performance. However, because of network bandwidth limitations, the use of multimedia in the form of the performance of the contents of the page the client has to consider the transmission speed. Eight. Structure clear and easy to use. If people can not read or difficult to understand your website, then you know him how enterprises and service? The use of some eye-catching title or characters to highlight your products and services. And even if you have the best product, if customers from your website is not clear on what you introduce, or do not know how to benefit, they will not enjoy your website, and this is the web design failure. 九. Steering clear. Web Design in navigation using hypertext links or picture links, so that people can freely on your website to go forward or backward, and not allow them to use on the browser to go forward or backward. Our picture at all on the use of "ALT" Identifier specify the name or picture, so that those who do not want to automatically be able to picture the audience know the meaning of the picture. 十. Fast download time. A lot of the viewers will not need to wait five minutes into the download time to enter the website, on the Internet at 30 seconds of waiting time with our usual 10-minute wait time the same feeling. Therefore, we recommend that you design a web page to avoid using too much too large picture and the picture. We usually cooperate with the customers, the capacity of the page will be mainly controlled at less than 50K, with an average of around 30K to ensure that the ordinary viewer page not Wait for more than 10 seconds. Eleven. Non-graphical content. Us, when necessary, the appropriate use of the dynamic "Gif" picture, in order to reduce the capacity of animation, Java applications cleverly designed animation can be a very small capacity so that generate dynamic graphics or text results. However, because in most Internet browsers are a number of people looking for information, we still recommend that you have to make sure that your website will provide them with the valuable content, rather than excessive decoration. Twelve. Convenience feedback and confirm the order. So that you can offer customers a clear product or service and allow them to easily order you are an important factor for success. If clients on your site have had a buy a product or service desire you as soon as possible so that they can achieve it? Are online or offline? 十三, tested and improved website Analog tests are in fact the process of web users asked to identify problems and improve the web design. We usually shared arrangement with the user web testing.

英〕艾伦·斯旺.英国平面设计基础教程.张锡九等译，上海人民美术出 版社，2003 加德纳,费加尔；王毅译. 21世纪超级标志设计［M］.上海：上海人民美术出版社，2000. 爱德华�6�1丹尼森，理查德�6�1考索雷；沈慧，刘玉民译.包装纸型设计［M］.上海：上海人民美术出版社，2003，31-69. ［9］ 拉兹罗�6�1鲁斯，乔治�6�1L�6�1威本佳；赵黎明译.包装设计图形手册［M］.沈阳：辽宁科学技术出版社，2002，154.