无敌花花Nancy
住城市好还是农村好 Arguments in Favor:赞成方 Most people love cities and many are flocking there from the country. Modern man is too sophisticated for simple country pleasures. It is enough to visit the countryside on weekends. Commuting does not affect those who live in cities; it is only a small inconvenience. Getting to work by bike is healthy. People easily adapt themselves to city life; noise,traffic,etc.are hardly noticed. Only a small minority of city-dwellers are involved in crime and violence. There are many reasons why city life is preferable:there are more places for entertainment. It is good to be near one's friends and never cut off by weather conditions. Life is never dull; there is always something to do. There are better schools and services in big cities. There are more chances for employment.There is a greater range of jobs and the pay is higher. There is more opportunity to succeed in life. There is more opportunity to meet a variety of interesting people. Living standards are higher. It is easier to earn more money. The educational level is higher; it is a better place for children. The teachers in the schools are better. There is more choice of schools. The shopping has a wider variety and prices are better. Arguments Against:反对方 Large modern cities are too big to control. Trains are packed; streets are crowded; busses are full.There are bus queues and traffic jams everywhere. Commuting stretches man's resources to the utmost. Unforeseen events (e.g.power-cut,heavy snowfall,etc.) can cause conditions of utter chaos. City-dwellers adopt a wholly unnatural way of life.They lose touch with the land and the rhythm of nature. City-dwellers are barely conscious of seasons.Flowers,leaves,the changes of seasons become irrelevant in their lives. Distinction between day and night is lost.There is always noise and traffic,everywhere. Rents are high; buying a house of your own for average people is impossible. The cost of living is higher in big cities. Cities breed crime and violence; houses are often burgled; bicycles and motorcycles are stolen. Tension in big cities shortens people's lives. In big cities there are not enough theaters,public transport or public toilets. Pollution in big cities is becoming impossible and dangerous to your health. City people are not a warm-hearted and friendly as country people. The country is a better place for children and much safer. People lose too much time getting to work. Contagious diseases become a serious health hazard. Noise from neighbors make quiet living impossible. Privacy can be almost impossible. Apartment living means often climbing many stairs. Noise pollution is a serious problem. Children have too many distractions from their studies. Too many bad temptations present potential trouble for young people. Too many evil people flock to the cities for better opportunities for their crimes.
白羽蓝翎
简短英语辩论稿
随着英语越来越广泛应用，用英语进行辩论的比赛也越来越普遍，懂得英语辩论赛的一些技巧，提高自身的制胜点。下面是我搜集的简短英语辩论稿，欢迎大家阅读，希望对你有所帮助。
Good morining!Ladies and gentlemen!This class will be your stage to show your shrong ability in debating,and I'm your host again!
I think you all have known the topic today,now just look at the blackboard,you can see it,"Watching a film at home and watching it at a cinema,which is better?"
Last time,I just forgot to introduce myself,so today,first,my name is (xxx)And then,today's chief judges:everyone here.
As this debating is the third match,I think you all have known the rules of this debating because it's as same as before's.
OK,I don't want to waste of more time.Now I'd like to intoduce the members of each side to you.
This is Affirnative position.Lead debater,XXX;second debater,XXX;third debater,XXX;forth debater,XXX.(Applaud)They hold the view that"watching a film at home is better than watching it at cinema".
This is Negative position.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~(Applaud).They think cinema is better.
ok,as everyone is ready now,here starts the debate!
Hello everyone. In the first place, we indicate our position: College is a transitional period in our life. We are supposed to adapt to the society and amativeness is an important part of it. We hold the view that amativeness among the college students does more good than harm.
The first reason: A College is a society in miniature. Anything reasonable is allowed to happen here, so it’s no wrong to fall in love
Furthermore, it can build up our sense of responsibility. When two people fall in love, they’ll learn to care, to be lenient and to take on responsibility gradually. Besides, it contributes to our maturity.Those are such essential qualities and act as preparation for our future life and work.
What’s more, it will be a memorable experience and add a sweet flavor to our life. It will be the most colorful period of our life. Anytime we look back upon it, we will always feel very eudemonic
In a word, love on campus is beneficial.
I think rather differently. Amativeness among college students does more harm than good. We hold this view basing on the following reasons:
First of all, it affects our studies. The students in love often spend much time in dating, even when taking tutorial classes, they are still chatting. Most of the time they will stay together, but what’s the time for studying?Secondly, it will cost you much money. During our college life, it’s our parents who pay for both our living and schooling. We are not independent in economy. Think about it,How much of your parents' sweat can purchase you the momentary sweetness of insane love
Last, when two students fall in love, they’ll lose the enthusiasm in group activities to some extent. It will lead to a distance with the classmates, and do harm to the harmony of the collective.
All in all, we stick to the point above.
大家好。在第一个地方，我们表明我们的立场：大学是一个过渡时期，在我们的生活。我们应该适应社会和恋爱的感觉是一个很重要的部分。我们认为，恋爱的大学生利大于弊。第一个原因：一是社会的缩影。任何合理的可以在这里发生，所以也没有错，坠入爱河，此外，它能增强责任意识。当人坠入爱河，他们会学会关心，手下留情，承担责任，逐步。此外，它有助于我们成熟。这些是基本素质和行动准备我们未来的生活和工作。更重要的是，这将是一个难忘的经验，给我们的生活添加一个甜蜜的味道。这将是最丰富的时期，我们的生活。每当我们回首，我们总是会感到很幸福的一句话，校园爱情是有益的。反一：我觉得相当不同。大学生恋爱弊大于利。我们认为这一观点基于以下原因：首先，它影响我们的`研究。学生们的爱情往往花很多时间在约会，即使在补习班，他们仍然是聊天。大多数时候，他们会在一起，但什么时间学习?其次，它将花费你很多钱。在我们的大学生活，这是我们的父母谁支付我们的生活和教育。我们没有独立的经济。想想，你有多少父母的汗水可以购买你瞬间的甜蜜爱情最后的疯狂，当学生谈恋爱，他们会失去热情，在小组活动在某种程度上。这将导致一个距离的同学，并对和谐的集体。总之，我们坚持这一点上面。
英语辩论赛技巧有以下几个：
一、保持微笑
每次站起来的时候要先微笑，过两秒再进行辩论。脸上保持微笑，这样会表示自己充满自信，也可以放松自己，同时给辩论对方一种气势，造成对方一定的心理压力。
二、语速要慢
记得你这个是英语辩论赛，全程是用英语进行的，你的对手在你说话快的程度可能会听得到明白你在说话，但大部分听众对于你说得快的情况就会不知道你在说什么，这样就是失去辩论的意义。
三、语句要尽量简短
在英语辩论赛的时候尽量要以短小、简短的句子为主，用词要简单，道理浅显，别人一听就知道你在说的话语，而不是要想半天才明白你在说什么，如可以说you are bad，就尽量不要说you are not good。
四、要围绕主题
有些参加英语辩论赛的朋友，很多时候不知不觉在说的过程中就偏离了主题，其实这个对于英语辩论赛来说是很分的，一定切记要围绕主题，要有好心态，不要太心急。
五、多用反问句
在进行比赛的时候，可以多用一些反问句来增加气势，让对方觉得你准备充足，如经常用到don't you think that。
大家一定要记得上面所说的几点，并且多点练习就好。
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Almost everybody assumes that Chinese religion is polytheist in nature. My question is: where did this sort of religion come from? How did it originate? As for the origin of religion in general, there have been two opposite theoretical explanations. The first is a quite prevailing one, as represented by such giant thinkers as Herbert Spencer, Burnet Taylor, George Frazer, etc. According to them, religions have been developed evolutionally in a progressive way, i.e., from the pre-or/and simi-religions in the pre-historical time, to the polytheism in most ancient civilizations, and lastly, to the monotheism only in Judaism, Christianity and Islamism. On the other side, William Schmidt and others represent an opposite theory. They attempted to prove that the developing line of religion is not progressive, but degenerate from a primary monotheism in the process of cultural diffusion to varieties of polytheism, and even lower forms of superstition. A key point of their disagreement concerns the objects of religious worship. According to the progressive theory, the low, manifold and complex worship objects converged upon the simple, unified and higher ones, and finally, upon the ultimate reality pointing to a unique, supreme God. The degenerate theory assumed an opposite direction of divergence, starting with the supreme God and ending with the lowest sort of religions. The debate between the two theories has taken place since the second half of the 19th century. Due to the limit of knowledge and interest, both sides could hardly take account of Chinese religion in the ancient time. Western scholars took it for granted that the Chinese religion is a form of polytheism, and originated from totem worship, animism and magic rituals, as they had seen in other primitive cultures. Since this century many new discoveries and interpretations have been made in the fields of archaeology, anthropology, sociology, history, linguistics and cross-cultural studies. These enable us to rethink the origin and development of the Chinese religion in the context of the unsolved debate between progressive and degenerate theories. The chronology of the Chinese religion can be divided into 3 stages: the primary religion in the pre-historical time, the primary system of polytheism in the Shang and Chou Dynasties, and the proliferated forms of polytheism from Chin Dynasty to the present time. We know little about the primary religion and focus ourselves on the religion in the Shang and Chou Dynasties. According to my analysis, the polytheistic system in that time manifested a hierarchy of objects of worship, from the highest, supreme God, to the ancestral spirits, and then to the natural spirits and the lowest spirits of ordinary life. Based on the exegesis of oracle bone inscriptions in the Shang time and classics in the pre-Chin time, my paper is intended to prove the thesis that it is unlikely that the polytheism in the Shang and Chou time resulted from a converging progress from more primitive and lower worships. That religious system was constructed and functioned downwards from above, rather than upwards from below. I dare to present arguments for the above thesis as follows. I. It is unlikely that the supreme God was produced by Shang people as a result of the convergence from their images of ancestral spirits. 1) The Shang people didn’t have the idea that God had a blood relationship with their ancestors. Their relationship was rather conceived as the host-guest relation. 2) God did not communicate with people directly, but only indirectly through the mediation of their ancestors. 3) God was conceived as the source of life and the originator of mankind, yet without sexual behavior and natural birth. This perplexity led to the myth of the sympathetic birth in almost all ancient societies. 4) God was not produced as a result of the abstraction from the total image of their ancestors. This can be shown by the ritual order, in which the rites for the God was strictly distinguished from, and higher than the rites for the totality of ancestors. II. It is unlikely that the God was produced as a result of a converging development from natural spirits. 1) Natural spirits were the personal images of the minister-ancestors. It is illogical to conceive them as the image of God who is higher than the king-ancestors. 2) The God named as Ti in the Shang time, and was neither the God of heaven, nor a natural God. He was identical with the Heaven (Tian) only later in the Chou time. 3) The shift from Ti to Tian can be explained in terms of moralization from a humanistic perspective, but also in terms of a degeneration of religious faith and feeling from a theological (not necessarily Christian) perspective. The tendency of degeneration continued in and after the pre-Chin time and led to a naturalistic attitude towards Heaven. III. Ancestral spirits were not worshiped as a result of the converging development of animism and totem. 1) Ancestral spirits were dead persons with both spirit and body. Therefore no difference between spirit and ghost existed in that time. Those personal spirits and ghosts are not the same as souls in the animism that Taylor proposed. 2) Ancestral spirits were not developed from totem worship. According to my own interpretation, a totem is a symbol used for the classification of blood ties and the identity of a clan. When the totem symbols were changed into name during the time of the beginning of a primitive language, especially in the process of the origin of the pictorial language of the chinese, the symbolized animals were confused with the first ancestor of the clan. 3) The transformation from totem worship to ancestral worship can be understood better as the mythical origin, caused by a certain “linguistic disease” (in the words of Max Müller). . VI. The divination in the Shang and Chou time cannot be interpreted by Frazer’s theory of magic in terms of shamanism. 1) Divination was used as a necessary means to communicate with the God after a religious reform in the pre-historical time, which broke the Heaven-Earth link. 2) The diviner (wu) is not the same as a magician. The role assigned to the wu was to serve as mediator in communication. He was only able to pass the divine prediction without any power to change it, much less affect or even control God by his magic power. 3) The wu has to show the great piety and respect for the God in order to receive the divine information. Divination was practiced as a part and an effect of the divine worship, and cannot be prior to the notion of an omniscient God.参考资料：
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