英语动名词结构

动名词的复合结构有四种形式：①形容词性物主代词＋动名词；②名词's＋动名词；③代词宾格＋动名词；④名词＋动名词。动名词的复合结构可在句中作主语或宾语。作主语时，不能用③、④两种形式；无生命名词不能用第②种形式，无论是作主语还是作宾语。动名词的复合结构，实际上是给动名词加了一个逻辑主语。动名词复合结构的形式带有逻辑主语的动名词叫做“动名词复合结构”，其形式有如下两种：a)名词所有格/物主代词+动名词，如： I insist on Mary’s going there. 我坚持要玛丽到那儿去。 I had not heard of your being ill. 我没听说你病了。b)名词通格/人称代词宾格+动名词，如： Usually at the beginning of school, the noise of desks being opened and closed, and lessons repeated at the top of the children’s voices could be heard out in the street. 在确定逻辑主语的格的形式时须注意以下几点：1） 动名词复合结构作主语时一般用名词所有格或物主代词。例如： Nixon’s visiting China marked a new ear between U.S. and China diplomatic relations. 尼克松访问中国标志着中美外交关系进入一个新的时代。2） 在口语和非正式语体中，只要不是作主语，动名词复合结构中的逻辑主语常采用名词通格或人称代词宾格。例如： The doctor does not mind me /my eating a little meat occasionally.代夫并不反对我偶尔吃一点肉。3） 如果逻辑主语是一个短语或有修饰语， 一般用名词通格或人称代词的宾格的形式。例如： The teacher insisted on the boy who threw the eraser apologizing. 老师支持要那个扔掉刷子的男孩道歉。 I insist on both of them coming in time. 我坚持要他们两人准时来。 Do you remember Mary and her mother coming to see us last year?4)无生命的事物名词作逻辑主语时一般采用通格形式。例如：The suggestion of the meeting being put off was not adopted by the chairman.延期召开会议的建议没有被主席采纳。 1)-s 结尾的复数名词作逻辑主语时一般用通格。例如： The librarian wouldn’t like his books being earmarked.图书管理员不喜欢书角被折。 2）集合名词、单复数同形的名词或变化不规则的复数名词作逻辑主语并同动名词一起作宾语时，一般用通格。例如：I was surprised at the children playing in the street yesterday. 3）不定代词或批示代词作动名词的逻辑主语时，一般不用或很少用所有格形式。例如：He was awaken by someone knocking on the window. I object to that being said about me.我反对那样说我。 4）it作逻辑主语时用宾格或所有格均可，但指时间时用宾格。例如：She was worried about the little bird:she was frightened of it/its building a nest in the chimney. 她很为小鸟担忧，为它在烟囱中筑巢而感到害怕。 A：Why, it’s eleven o’clock already. B:I’m surprised at it being so late. 2.动名词复合结构的功能 1） 作主语 His/He coming home late worries his other. John’s /John coming here will get us out of trouble.约翰的到来将会使我们脱离困境。 2） 作动词或短语动词的宾语 I don’t remember him/his giving me that book. 我记得他给过我那本书。 Do you mind my smoking?我抽烟你介意吗？ I would appreciate back this afternoon.(MET’92,答案是C) A.you to call B.you call C.your calling D.you’re calling Her parents insisted on her studying medicine. 她父母坚持要她学医。 Have you heard of my sister’s winning the contest? 我妹妹在竞赛中获胜的事你听说了吗？ [在上述例句中，动名词前的逻辑主语与句子主语不同。 如果主语相同，则不用逻辑主语，只用动名词。试比较： I must apologize for not letting you know ahead of time.(NMET’94) 3） 作介词宾语 I don’t like the idea of our living here. 我不愿意我们住在这里。 I knew nothing about the window being open.我一点也不知道窗户敞开着。 He left the city without our knowing it 他离开城市我们大家都不知道。.4） 作表语 What is most important is Tom’s going there at once. The main trouble is their not having enough money.

动名词是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词.它可以支配宾语,也能被副词修饰.动名词有时态和语态的变化. 解释：动词的ing形式如果是名词,这个词称动名词. 编辑本段一、动名词的作用 动名词具有名词的性质,因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等. 1．动名词由动词 + ing构成,否定形式为not doing,具有动词和名词的性质,在句中起名词作用,可作主语、宾语、表语和定语. 1）作主语.如： Seeing is believing. Laying eggs is the ant queen’s full-time job. It is no use arguing with him. 注意：动名词和不定式都可以作主语,动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性行为,不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作.如： Playing with fire is dangerous. （泛指玩火） To play with fire will be dangerous. （指一具体动作） 但在It is no use/good, not any use/good, useless等后常用动名词间或用不定式. 2）作表语.如： Her job is teaching. 3）作宾语.如： He is fond of playing football. I like swimming. ①admit,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,face,feel,like,finish,forgive,give up,imagine,include,keep,mention,mind,miss,practise,put off,resist,risk,suggest,can’t help（情不自禁）,can’t stand（无法忍受）等动词成词组后可以用动名词作宾语,但不能用不定式. ②forget,go on,mean,regret,remember,stop,try等动词或词组可带动名词或不定式作宾语,但意义上有区别. Let’s go on studying Lesson 6. （让我们继续学第六课.说明前面已学了一部分.） Let’s go on to study Lesson 6. （让我们接着学第六课.说明前面已学了第五课.） I remember doing the exercise. （我记得做过练习.） I must remember to do it. （我必须记着做这事.） I tried not to go there. （我设法不去那里.） I tried doing it again. （我试着又干了一次.） Stop speaking. （不要讲话.） He stopped to talk. （他停下来讲话.） I mean to come early today. （我打算今天早些来.） Missing the train means waiting for another hour. （误了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时.） ③在allow,advise,forbid,permit等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语,如果后面有名词或代词作宾语,其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语.如： We don’t allow smoking here. We don’t allow students to smoke. ④动词need,require,want作“需要”解,其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语表示事情需要做,这时,动名词的主动式表示被动意义.be worth后必须用动名词的主动形式来表示被动意义.如： The window needs/requires/wants cleaning/to be cleaned. Her method is worth trying. ⑤在短语devote to,look forward to,stick to,to be used to,object to,thank you for,excuse me for,be(kept) busy,have difficulty/trouble/problem(in),have a good/wonderful/hard time(in),there’s no use/good/need,feel/seem like/get down to等后的动词也必须用动名词形式,例如： I look forward to hearing from you soon. ⑥在love,hate,prefer,like等动词后用动名词或不定式无多大区别.有时用动名词作宾语时,指一般情况,而跟不定式作宾语时指某一具体行为. ⑦start,begin,continue在书面语中多后接动名词,在口语中多后接不定式. 但start和begin在下列情况下一般跟不定式作宾语：当主语是物而不是人时；当start或begin以-ing形式出现时,当后面作宾语的动词表示感情、思想或意念时.如： It started to snow. He is beginning to cook dinner. I began to understand what he meant. ⑧在should(would) like/love等后须用不定式. 4）作定语,例如： He has a reading room. 2．动名词的复合结构 动名词的复合结构由物主代词或人称代词宾格、名词所有格或普通格加动名词构成.在句子开头必须用名词所有格或物主代词.如果动名词的复合结构作宾语,其逻辑主语是无生命的名词时,用普通格.如： His coming made me very happy. Mary’s crying annoyed him. She didn’t mind his crying. Is there any hope of Xiao Wang’s winning.?He insists on the plan being carried out. 3．动名词的时态和语态 动名词的时态分一般式和完成式两种,如果动名词的动作没有明确地表示出时间是与谓语词所表示的动作同时发生或在谓语动词所表示的动作以前发生,用动名词的一般式.如： We are interested in playing chess. His coming will be of great help to us. 如果动名词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,通常用动名词的完成时态.如： I’m sorry for not having kept my promise. 在某些动词或词组后,常用动名词的一般形式,尽管其动作是在谓语所表示的动作之前发生的.如：Excuse me for coming late. 主语是动名词所表示的动作的对象时,动名词用被动语态.被动语态由“being + 过去分词”或“having been + 过去分词”构成.后一种一般很少使用,以免使句子显得累赘.如： He likes being helped. He was afraid of being left at home. I don’t remember having ever been given a chance to do it.