小学英语重点词汇

一、大写字母的运用

1.句首第一个字母大写。

2.人名、国名、节日名、语言名、组织名等专有名词的首字母大写。

3.星期、月份的首字母大写。

4.特指的学校、政府、党派、委员会或涉及具体人名的称呼或职位，首字母大写。

5.某些特殊词汇、缩略词、标志语、特殊用语等，首字母大写或全大写。

6.句中要强调的部分通常全大写。

7.诗的每一行首字母要大写。

二、与字母发音相同的单词

如：Bb-bee,Cc-see/sea,Rr-are,Tt-tea,Ii-I/eye,Oo-oh,Uu-you,Yy-why.

三、缩略形式

如：I’m = I am,

you’re = you are,

she’s = she is/she has,

won’t=will not,

can’t =can not,

isn’t=is not,let's = let us.

四、同音异形词

如：to/too/two,

their/there,

right/write,

pair/pear,

four/for,

know/no,

sun/son.

五、反义词

如：day-night,

come-go,

yes-no,

up-down,

big-small.

short-longtall,

fat-thin,

low-high,

slow-fast,

六、名词复数的变化规则

1.一般情况下，直接加s，

如：book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds.

2.以s，x，sh，ch 结尾，加es，

如：bus-buses,box-boxes,watch-watches.

3.以辅音字母加y 结尾，变y 为i,再加es，

如：family-families,hobby-hobbies.

4.以f 或fe 结尾，变f 或fe 为v,再加es，

如：thief-thieves,knife-knives.

5.以o 结尾，加es，

如：mango-mangoes.

加s，如：radio-radios，photo-photos.

6.不规则变化，

如：man-men,

woman-women,

child-children,

foot-feet,

tooth-teeth.

7.不可数名词

有:bread,juice,tea,coffee,water,rice 等。

(不可数名词 相对应的be 动词是is/was)

七、名词所有格

表示人或物品所属关系时，就需要使用名词所有格。

名词所有格的构成有以下规 则：

1.一般情况下，在名词的末尾加’s 构成。

如：Tom’s book

2.以“-s”结尾的复数名词的所有格，只在其末尾加’。

如：our teachers’ books

3.表示几个人共同拥有的东西时，只在最后一个名字上加所有格。

如：Su Hai and Su Yang’s bedroom

八、a,an 和the的用法

1.单词或字母的第一个读音是辅音读音：a book,a peach,a “U”.

单词或字母的第一个读音是元音读音：an egg,an hour,an “F”.

2.the 要注意的`：球类前面不加the，乐器前面要加the，序数词前面要加the。

1.allow sb to do sth允许某人去做某事(后接动词不定式)

My father allowed me to go out for a walk after finishing my homework.

2.asked sb (not) to do sth叫某人做事某事(叫某人不要去做某事)

My father asked me to study hard.

He asked me not to swim alone.

be asked to do sth被叫去做某事/被邀请去做某事

I was asked to have a dinner with them yesterday.

3.be afraid to do sth害怕做某事

She is afraid to ask me questions.

4.be afaid of doing sth害怕做某事

I am afraid of going out at night.

5.be afaid of sth害怕某物

He is afraid of snakes.

6.be amazed to do sth对做某事感到惊讶

He was amazed to meet the girl there.

be amazed at sth对某事感到惊讶

they were amazed at the news.

7.be busy doing/with sth忙于做某事(常考)

I was busy washing my car at that time.那时候我正忙于清洗我的车子.

I am busy with my work.

8.becoming/going/leaving/fiying/moving/dying(某些位移动词用进行时态时表将来)

the bus is coming/the dog is dying.

9.be excited to do sth对做……感到兴奋

Jacky was excited to travel there by plane.

be excited at sth

Lily was excited at his words.

be excited about doing sth

he was excited about passing the exam without going overing books.

10.be frightened to do sth害怕去做某事

Sam is frightened to ride a horse.

11.be glad/happy to do sth高兴去做某事

She is happy to clean theblackboard with me.

be pleased to do sth高兴做某事

She was pleased to helpthe old man yesterday.

be pleased with sth对某事感到高兴/满意

The teacher was pleasedwith my answer.

12.be interested in sth/doing sth对某事感兴趣/对做某事感兴趣

She is interested inswimming in the river.

My btother is interestedin Chinese.

13.be/get ready for/to do sth

be ready for为某事做好了准备

We are ready for the exam.

Be ready to do sth为做某事做好了准备

We are ready to have a birthday party for her.

get ready for sth为某事在做准备

We are getting ready for the exam.

14.be surprised to do sth对做某事感到惊奇

be surprised at sth对某事感到惊奇

This is nothing to be surprised at.

I‘d be surprised to see him on such an occasion.

15.be worth doing sth值得做某事(worth后接动词-ing形式，常考)

It was too remote to be worth thinking about.

16.开始去做某事begin to do sth begin/start to do/doing sth

When do children begin to go to school?

17.can/be able to afford (to buy) sth有能力负担(购买)……

At this rate we won‘t be able to afford a holiday.

18.can/may/must do sth could/would/should/might do sth

We may come at another time.

19.can‘t wait todo sth迫不急待地去做某事

I can’t wait to hear the news.

20.decide to do sth决定去做某事

make up one‘s mind to do sth下决心去做某事(常考)

make a decision to do sth对做某事作出决定

What do they decide to do?

I have made up my mind to go with him

21.deserve to do sth值得/应该做……

We must admit that she did deserve to win.

22.encourage sb to do sth鼓励某人去做某事

Encourage them to do some other helpful recreations.

23.enjoy doing sth喜欢去做某事

I enjoy reading the story book

24.expect (sb) to do sth期望去做某事

Don‘t expect him to help you.

25.fail to do sth做某事失败

succeed doing sth成功做了某事

If you don‘ t work，you willfail to pass the exam.

26.finish doing sth做完某事(后接动词-ing形式)(常考)

After finish doing your homework，you can have a rest.

27.follow sb to do sth跟随某人去做某事

Follow me to read the new words.

28.get sb to do sth / make sb do sth/ let sb do st让某人做某事(后接动词原形)

Her jokes made us laugh.

29.get/have a chance to do sth得到一个做某事的机会

I‘m very happy to have a chance to visit your school.

30.give/pass/show/lend/sell sb sth/sth to sb

buy/get/bring sb sth/sth for sb

Please give me a piece of paper.

I bought him a drink in return for his help.

31.go on to do sth /go on doing sth继续做事(常考)

Go on doing the exercise after a short rest.

32.hate to do/doing sth讨厌/不喜欢做某事

Ihate to tell the news to you.

33.have fun doing sth做某事很有趣

Have fun getting to know each other.

34.have problems doing sth做某事遇到困难

Many people have problems getting to sleep at night.

35.have sb do sth/have sth done让某人做某事

This is the best work you have ever done.

36.hear sb do sth听到某人做某事(后接动词原形，常考)

hear sb doing sth听到某人正在做某事(常见)

I heard someone laughing.

37.help to do sth帮忙做某事

help sb (to) do sth帮助某人做某事

I‘ll help you clean the room.

38.hope/wish to do sth希望做某事

wish sb to do sth希望某人做某事

I wish to take this opportunity to thank you all.

39.It seems that这像是……(后接从句)

seem to do sth

seem +adj

It‘seems that you are lying.

Does that seem to make sense?

40.It‘s + adj+(for sb) to do sth.

It‘s+adj +(of sb) to do sth

It‘s glad for him to hear the news.

41.It takes sb sometime/money to do sth .花费某人多长时间做某事(常考)

It takes me an hour to walk there and back.

42.pay …for… cost spend…on…..it take …to do sth花费

He paid for it out of his own pocket.

一、短语：

1、that little girl那个小女孩

2、(be) so short如此矮

3、(be)so cute如此可爱

4、(be)very naughty非常淘气

5、a little chick 一只小鸡

6、two big red hens两只大红母鸡

二、句型：

1、Who are they，Lingling?They are my grandparents.玲玲。他们是谁?他们是我的祖父母。

【Who是对人进行提问，也就是对第二句的中的my grandparents的提问。】

再如：Who is that little boy?It`s Tom.那个小男孩是谁?是汤姆。

练习：那个小女孩是谁?是我。

2、They are my grandparents.They were young，then.他们是我的祖父母。他们那时是年轻的。

【这两个句子的结构是“主语(代词、名词)+be(amisarewaswere)+表语(名词、形容词等)”表语是说明主语身份、特征的。】

再如：They are old.他们是年老的。

练习：她那时是胖的，她现在是瘦的。

3、I was two，then.我那时两岁了。

【主语+be+年龄】

练习：我那时三岁了，我现在11岁了。

4、But your hair was so short.但是(那时)你的头发是如此的短。

【在形容词前可以加上“so、very等副词”】

再如：You were so cute.你如此可爱。

练习：她那时也非常淘气。

5、She was fat.Now she`s thin.她(那时)胖，她现在瘦了。

【第一个句子是说明过去的事，be用过去式(was、were);第二个句子是说明现在的事，用一般现在时be(am、is、are)】

练习：他(那时)矮，他现在高。

他们(那时)年轻，现在他们上年纪了(年老了)。

6、They weren`t old then .They were young.那时他们不上年纪，他们年轻。

【这两个句子是同义句，划线部分是一对反义词，第一个句子用否定句，第二个句子用肯定句。】

练习：

她那时不高，她是(很)矮。

他那时不淘气。他是可爱的。

它那是不胖。它是瘦的。

7、Was it fat ?No，it wasn`t.It was thin.它胖吗?不，它不胖。它是瘦的。

【这是be的一般过去时的一般疑问句，是把be的形式(was、were)提到句首。注意答语。用“yes、no回答后，再用一个反义词的肯定句回答。”】

练习：他们年轻吗?不，不是的。他们年老了。

他淘气吗?不，不是的。他是可爱的。

Keys:

1、Who is that little girl?It`s me.

2、She was fat，then.She`s thin now.

3、I was three，then.I am 11 now.

4、Then she was very naughty，too.

5、He was short，he is tall now.They were young，they are old now.

6、She wasn`t tall then.She was short.He wasn`t naughty then.He was cute.It wasn`t fat then.It was thin.

7、Were they young?No，they weren`t.They were old.Was he naughty? No，he wasn`t.He was cute.

动词 ：

1.tell

2.clean

3.finish

4.wash

5.learn

6.invent

7.print

8.climb

9.skate

10.break

11.cry

12.practise

13.win

14.happen

15.ride

形容词：

1.important

2.dirty

3.angry

4.gold

5.thirsty

名词：

1.dancing

2.yesterday

3.NationalDay

4.paper

5.printing

6.bicycle

7.theGreatWall

8.mountain

9.ice-skating

10.gold

11.food

12.monster

13.cup

14.watermelon

15.knee

16.finger

17.matter

18.medicine

19.toothache

20.fever

副词 ：

1.soon

2.still

3.also

4.only

5.away