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解析四级英语写作中的垂悬结构现象
所谓垂悬结构是指非谓语动词短语和介词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与主句的主语保持一致，否则构成一种语病，称为垂悬结构或非附着结构。这是大学四级英语写作中常见的错误现象之一，严重影响对文章完整意思的准确理解。下面是我带来的解析四级英语写作中的垂悬结构现象，希望对你有帮助。
四级英语写作中垂悬结构现象
1、垂悬结构不定式。To make friends， honesty is important.句中不定式短语To make friends 的主语应该是人，而主句的主语是honesty，两者不一致，构成了垂悬结构。有三种改正方法：
(1) 将不定式短语改成相应的状语从句，可更正为：If onewants to make friends， honesty is important.
(2) 对主句做必要改动，使句子的主语与不定式短语的逻辑主语一致，可更正为：To make friends， one must be honest.
(3) 给不定式短语加上自己的逻辑主语，可更正为：For one to make friends， honestyis important.
2、垂悬结构分词。Spreading to the left， he jumped downfrom the armchair. 根据此句话的意思，分词短语的隐含逻辑主语应该是the fire，而句子的主语是he，两者不一致，构成了垂悬结构。有两种改正方法：
(1)给分词短语带上一个自己的逻辑主语，使之成为一个独立主格结构，可更正为，The firespreading to the left， he jumped down from the armchair.
(2)将分词短语改成相应的状语从句，可更正为：As/ When the firespread to the left， he jumped down from the armchair.
拓展阅读
大学英语四级写作5类常用句型
1.用于描写漫画图表的常用句型
① As the graph depicts,…
② From the picture we can see that…
③ According to the statistics shown in the first/second graph,…
④ The table shows/indicates/reveals that…
⑤ It can be seen/concludedfromthe picture/table/figures that…
2.用于句首提出论点或现象的句型
① Recently,…has become the focus of society.
② …has been playing an increasingly important role in our daily life.
③ Nowadays, there is a growing concern for…
④ Nowadays, it is common to hear/see…
⑤ …has become a common occurrence in our daily life.
⑥ Nowadays, more and more people are beginning to be aware of the seriousness of…
⑦ It is only during the last/past few years that men have become generally aware that…
⑧ There is an old/a popular saying/proverb that says/goes…
⑨ In recent years, there is a general tendency…
⑩ Nowadays,…has become a problem we have to face.
3.用于比较阐述不同观点的常用句型
① Some people like/prefer…, while others feel/are inclined to…
② There are different opinions among people as to…
③ Some people claim that…is superior to… Others, however, disagree with it.
④ Some people believe that… Others maintain that… Still others claim that…
⑤ Some people suggest… Others, however, hold the opposite opinion.
⑥ On the one hand, people tendto… On the other hand, they feel…
⑦ Some people argue that… Others, in contrast, believe that…
⑧ Although more and more people come to believe that…, there are still others who insist that…
⑨ On the contrary, there are people in favor of…
⑩ There are some people who hold different opinions about…
4.用于陈述个人观点的句型
① My own experience tells me that…
② In my opinion, we should attach more importance to…
③ As for my own idea about…, I believe…
④ As far as I am concerned, I plan to…
⑤ Personally, I prefer…
⑥ In my view, both sides are partly right in that…
⑦ But for me, I would rather…
⑧ My point of view is that…
⑨ In conclusion, I support the statement that…
⑩ As for me, I tendto choose…
5.用于结尾的常用句型
① From what has been discussed/mentioned above, we may conclude that…
② Therefore, it is not difficult to draw/come to the conclusion that…
③ It is high time that something was done about…
④ From all the reasons/considerations above, it is evident/clear/obvious that…
⑤ Taking all these factors into account, we may reach the conclusion that…
⑥ Given the reasons I have just outlined/discussed/presented, I strongly recommendthat…
英语四级写作三大正文段
1.段内并列
分析某事物时，用此句型说明其主要原因或者多方面原因
例如：Why…? For one thing …For another …There are many reasons for this problem. First /For one thing …Second / For another …Third/ Still another …
2.段内延伸
例如：In involves some serious consequence for …
3.段内对照
(1)肯定其中一个
The benefits gainedfromB are much greater than that of A.
(2)二者有共同点
A and B have several things in common .They are similar in that…
英语四级写作如何避开跑题
英语四级写作指导：1个宗旨
一般建议在作文的最后一段点出作文的宗旨，也即我们所说的"点题"。文章最后一段重申和强调作文主题，使阅卷老师非常轻松地找到文章的主旨，判断考生是否"切题"，给阅卷老师节省了时间，自然会得到一些额外的"好感分"。
英语四级写作指导：2个范围
任何一个作文题目，假如能够成为一个"可以让人探讨的话题"，势必需要"事关人"或者"事关物"，也许不要"事关重大"，但是必须是有话可说的。
"人"或"物"，就是四六级作文的两个命题范围：
(1)关于"人"的文章，一般涉及"个人成长成功心态哲理话题价值观品质习惯"等"较为抽象"的话题。这种话题重在强调人的"内在品质"，强调"积极意义教育价值"，命题旨在教育考生"做一个什么样的人"。因此，与人有关的"成长类心态类和哲理类话题"是第一个命题的范围。
(2)关于"物"的文章，一般涉及"社会事务社会现象"等较为"具体实在"的`话题。这种话题重在强调"社会事件和现象"，旨在考察考生的"观察问题分析问题解决问题"的实质能力。诸如2012年6月的四级考试"excessive package of products"(商品过度包装)2012年12月四级考试education pays (教育的回报)以及2013年6月六级的地球资源与人类的需求和贪欲，考察的都是关于"物"的实在现象。
英语四级写作指导：3种属性
所谓"属性"，说的是作文的话题的"性别"--作文的话题是正面的负面的还是中性的?确定了作文的"属性"，加上作文考察的"范围"，对整个文章的展开会有重大的作用。
正如数学概念中的"坐标轴"，有"原点负面和正面"三个概念。作文的主题，也同样可以分为"中性话题负面话题和正面话题"三类。通常而言，
(1)"负面消极话题"需要在作文的二三段阐述这个负面话题产生的原因危害弊端和解决的措施策略;
(2)"中性一般话题"需要阐述这个话题或现象产生的原因，并且适当发表个人见解看法;
(3)"正面积极话题“，则尽量论述这个话题的意义重要性和价值以及这个话题对考生带来的启发。
