英语主系表结构

句子中出现系动词的句子就叫主系表.be动词也叫系动词,系动词有三种,amisare三种.系动词一般译成是的意思./...譬如说:Iamateacher.I就是主语,系动词IS就是系.ateacher就是个表语.表语是用来说明主语身份,状态,颜色,形状等等的.那这里ateacher是个老师.那就是用来说明主语I我的身份的.所以这个句子就是个明显的主系表结构....

主系表是一种基本结构，为主语+系语+表语。主语为句子描述的对象，表语描述主语的性质、状况、属性等，系动词起连接主语和表语的连词的作用。一个典型的主系表结构：I+am+xxx，表示“我是...”，其中I是主语，xxx是描述I的性质的表语，be动词am是系语。表语的xxx既可以是名词也可以是形容词。如：I am a student. 我是学生。 I am tired. 我很累。系动词除最基本的be动词外，还包括感官系动词等。如feel、smell、sound等。例：The dish smells dilicious. 这盘菜闻起来很香。 此句也为主系表结构，其中The dish为主语，smells为系动词，意为“闻起来”。dilicious是形容词表语，描述主语The dish性质。

其实就是主语、系动词、表语，这是初级语法知识，是基础中的基础，在洛基英语学习时听老师讲过N遍了，其实不难。一 .何谓主系表结构：所谓主系表结构就是英语句子中的主要成分是主语、系动词和表语.1.主语（ Subject ）：主语是一句话的中心,表示所说的是谁或是什么,其位置一般放在句首.英语中主语一般不省略.主语主要由名词、动名词、代词或起名词作用的短语或从句来充当.例如：Li Lei is a Chinese boy.（ Li Lei 是名词,作主语.）He is from England.（ He 是代词,作主语.）Feeding the birds is my hobby.（“ Feeding the birds ”是动名词短语,作主语.）What she said is right.（“ What she said ”是从句,作主语.）2.系动词（ Link verb ）：系动词本身有一定的词义,但不能独立作谓语,必须和句子中的表语一起构成谓语.简单地说,将主语和表语联系在一起,并构成一个完整句子的动词就叫做系动词.目前学到的系动词有 be ,feel ,look ,sound ,taste ,smell 等.例如：This flower is beautiful.I felt very tired.You look worried.It tastes delicious.3.表语（ Predicative ）：表语是用来说明主语的身份、特征或状态的.它又叫作主语补足语.表语位于系动词之后,主要由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、介词短语、分词（短语）或动名词（短语）等来充当.例如：I am fine .（ fine 是形容词,作表语）He is a boy .（ boy 是名词,作表语）Five plus two is seven .（ seven 是数词,作表语）We are here .（ here 是副词,作表语）He is not at home .（“ at home ”是介词短语,作表语）My hobby is reading .（ reading 是动名词,作表语）

var script = document.createElement('script'); script.src = 'http://static.pay.baidu.com/resource/baichuan/ns.js'; document.body.appendChild(script); 另一种角度理解主系表 1 状态系动词 用来表示主语状态，只有be 一词 （1）Mr. Brown is an engineer. (名词做表语) （2）The machine is out of order. (介词短语做表语) （3）The television was on.(副词做表语) （4）His plan is to keep the affair secret. (动词不定式做表语) （5）My job is repairing cars.(动名词做表语) （6）The question is what you want to do. (从句做表语，即：表语从句) 2 持续系动词 用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度 （1） The door remained closed. (过去分词做表语,remain意为“仍然”处于某种状态) The teacher asked the twelfth of us to remain after school. (vi 留下；剩下) （2）The shop stays open till seven o'clock. (stay 意为“保持某种状态”) I stayed at a hotel in New York. （stay 是不及物动词，留下，逗留，暂住） （3）The book lies open on the table. The snow lies thick on the ground. (“表示所处状态”) I am lying on the bed. India lies to the south of China. (躺；位于) （4）How do things stand at the moment? Stand still! (情况如何，处于某种状态) Stand up, please! （5）With the wind it’s so difficult to keep warm. (如：keep warm, keep safe, keep silent, keep dry) We are going to keep the house in Beijing and rent it out. (保留) 3 表象系动词 用来表示“看起来像”这一概念，主要有： (1) Anna does not seem sure. It seems that someone left the building unlocked last night. (2) Lucy appears upset. Lily appears calm. (3) How do I look in this dress? You look like one million dollars. You look as if you have not slept all night. 4 感官系动词 （1） Your hands feel cold(“摸起来有某种感觉”) The doctor feels my belly( 触摸) （2）Your story sounds interesting(“听起来”) He sounds the bell loudly(敲响) （3）The milk tastes sour.(“吃或喝起来…..”) taste some of this cake.(“尝”) （4）That soup smells delicious.(smell good, nice, spicy) We must clean the bird cage –it is starting to smell. 5 变化系动词 表示主语变成什么样子 （1）Fish soon goes bad in hot weather. He has gone blind. go 意为“变为”多跟形容词，变化通常是由好变坏。短语搭配：go wrong, go bad, go mad, go hungry, go dead and go against. （2）The sky turns pink.(天空一片红霞) He turned writer two years ago. turn 意为“变为”，多和颜色相搭配。在名词做表语时，不定冠词要省略。 (3) They are getting richer and richer. become 与 get 作为变化系动词，可以由好变坏，也可以由坏变好。(4) My dream has come true. Wrong never comes right. The handle has come loose.门把手(意为“成为”) (5) The baby falls asleep. He often falls ill.(“进入某种状态”) Leaves fall down from the trees.(vi 落下) （6）She grows impatient with his constant excuses. (grow old, hot, worse) It is too cold for rice to grow in the northeast of China. 6 终止系动词 表示主语已终止动作 （1）His story proves false.(“后来事实表明是…”) He proved a very useful friend. He has proved his courage in battle.(证明) （2）Hopefully tomorrow will turn out fine. It turned out that she did not get the job in the end. turn out 意为“结果是…，最后情况是…” 注意：在下面的句子中，形容词做表语，在表语的后面常常接不定式结构。 I'm happy to meet you. They are willing to help. We are determined to follow his example.