哼哼家的猫猫
Peking Opera, once called pingju, is one of the five major operas in China.
（京剧，曾称平剧，中国五大戏曲剧种之一。）
The scene layout pays attention to freehand brushwork, tone to xipi, erhuang mainly, with the accompaniment of huqin and gongs and drums.
（场景布置注重写意，腔调以西皮、二黄为主，用胡琴和锣鼓等伴奏。）
Regarded as the quintessence of Chinese culture, Chinese opera tops the list.
（被视为中国国粹，中国戏曲三鼎甲“榜首”。）
Hui opera is the predecessor of Peking Opera.
（徽剧是京剧的前身。）
From 1790, the 55th year of qianlong of the qing dynasty.
（清代乾隆五十五年（1790年）起。）
The former three qing, four xi, chuntai and hechun in the south, the four hui classes came to Beijing one after another.
（原在南方演出的三庆、四喜、春台、和春， 四大徽班陆续进入北京。）
They collaborated with han singers from hubei province.
（他们与来自湖北的汉调艺人合作。）
At the same time, he also accepted some plays, tunes and performing methods of kunqu opera and qinqiang opera.
（同时又接受了昆曲、秦腔的部分剧目、曲调和表演方法。）
It absorbed some local folk tunes and formed Beijing Opera through continuous communication and integration.
（吸收了一些地方民间曲调，通过不断的交流、融合，最终形成京剧。）
After its formation, Peking Opera began to develop rapidly in the qing court.
（京剧形成后在清朝宫廷内开始快速发展。）
Until the republic of China achieved unprecedented prosperity.
（直至民国得到空前的繁荣。）
扩展资料
京剧表现手法：京剧表演的四种艺术手法：唱、念、做、打，也是京剧表演四项基本功。唱指歌唱，念指具有音乐性的念白，二者相辅相成，构成歌舞化的京剧表演艺术两大要素之一的“歌”，做指舞蹈化的形体动作，打指武打和翻跌的技艺，二者相互结合，构成歌舞化的京剧表演艺术两大要素之一的“舞”。
戏曲演员从小就要从这四个方面进行训练，虽然有的演员擅长唱功（唱功老生），有的行当以做功（花旦）为主，有的以武打为主（武净）。
但是要求每一个演员必须有过硬的唱、念、做、打四种基本功。只有这样才能充分地发挥京剧的艺术特色。更好地表现和刻画戏中的各种人物形象。京剧有唱，有舞，有对白，有武打，有各种象征性的动作，是一种高度综合性的艺术。
参考资料来源：百度百科-京剧
不一样@016
参考这网页对你有帮助：Beijing opera or Peking opera (simplified Chinese: 京剧; traditional Chinese: 京剧; pinyin: Jīngjù) is a form of traditional Chinese theatre which combines music, vocal performance, mime, dance and acrobatics. It arose in the late 18th century and became fully developed and recognized by the mid-19th century.[1] The form was extremely popular in the Qing Dynasty court and has come to be regarded as one of the cultural treasures of China.[2] Major performance troupes are based in Beijing and Tianjin in the north, and Shanghai in the south.[3] The art form is also enjoyed in Taiwan, where it is known as Guoju (国剧; pinyin: Guójù). It has also spread to other countries such as the United States and Japan.[4]Beijing opera features four main types of performers. Performing troupes often have several of each variety, as well as numerous secondary and tertiary performers. With their elaborate and colorful costumes, performers are the only focal points on Beijing opera's characteristically sparse stage. They utilize the skills of speech, song, dance, and combat in movements that are symbolic and suggestive, rather than realistic. Above all else, the skill of performers is evaluated according to the beauty of their movements. Performers also adhere to a variety of stylistic conventions that help audiences navigate the plot of the production.[5] The layers of meaning within each movement must be expressed in time with music. The music of Beijing opera can be divided into the Xipi and Erhuang styles. Melodies include arias, fixed-tune melodies, and percussion patterns.[6] The repertoire of Beijing opera includes over 1,400 works, which are based on Chinese history, folklore, and, increasingly, contemporary life.[7]In recent years, Beijing opera has attempted numerous reforms in response to sagging audience numbers. These reforms, which include improving performance quality, adapting new performance elements, and performing new and original plays, have met with mixed success. Some Western works have been adopted as new plays, but a lack of funding and an adverse political climate have left Beijing opera's fate uncertain as the form enters the 21st century.[8]
梧桐春雨
Peking opera of China is a national treasure with a history of 200 years. In the 55th year of the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty(1790) ,the four big Huiban opera Troupes entered the capital and combined with Kunqu opera, Yiyang opera, Hanju opera and Luantan in Beijing's thearetical circle of the time. Through a period of more than half a century of combination and integration of various kinds of opera there evolved the present Peking opera, the biggest kind of opera in China, whose richness of repertoire, great number of artists of performance and of audiences, and profound influence are incomparable in China.Peking opera is a synthesis of stylized action, singing, dialogue and mime, acrobatic fighting and dancing to represent a story or depict different characters and their feelings of gladness, anger, sorrow, happiness, surprise, fear and sadness. In Peking opera there are four main types of roles: sheng (male) dan (young female), jing( painted face,male), and chou (clown, male or female). The characters may be loyal or treacherous, beautiful or ugly, good or bad, their images being vividly manifested.The repertoire of Peking opera is mainly engaged in fairy tales of preceding dynasties, important historical events, emperors, ministers and generals, geniuses and great beauties, from the ancient times to Yao, Shun, Yu, the Spring and Autumn Period, the Warring States Period and the dynasties of Qin, Han, Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, Qing.The music of Peking opera is that of the "plate and cavity style".Its melody with harmonious rhythms is graceful and pleasing to the ears. The melody may be classified into two groups: "Xipi" and "erhong", guiding pattern, original pattern, slow pattern, quick pattern, desultary pattern being their chief patterns. The performance is accompanied by a tune played on wind instruments, percussion instruments and stringed instruments, the chief musical instruments being jinghu (a two-stringed bowed instrument with a high register), yueqin( a four-stringed plucked instrument with a full-moon-shaped sound box), Sanxian( a three-stringed plucked instrument), suona horn, flute drum, big-gong, cymbals, small-gong, etc.The costumes in Peking opera are graceful, magnificent, elegant and brilliant, most of which are made in handicraft embroidery. As the traditional Chinese pattern are adopted, the costumes are of a high aesthetic value.The types of facial make-ups in Peking opera are rich and various, depicting different characters and remarkable images, therefore they are highly appreciated. Moreover there are numerous fixed editions of facial make-up.Since Mei Lanfang, the grand master of Peking opera, visited Japan in 1919, Peking opera has become more and more popular with people all over the world, and it has made an excellent contribution to cultural exchange between China and the West, to friendly association and to improvement of solidarity.Peking Opera house of Beijing has been invited to perform in U.S.A., England, France, Germany, Italy (three times), Australia, Japan( four times), Brazil, Turkey, Singapore, South korea and Hongkong (five times). The performances have made an outstanding contribution to Sino-foreign cultural exchange and to the promotion of friendly association of peoples in the world, and were highly appreciated by foreign audiences.In 1993 Peking Opera House of Beijing as a big Peking opera troupe made a performance visit to Taiwan, pushing the cultural exchange to a new height.Peking Opera house of Beijing is willing to participate in activities of international cultural exchange and of commercial performances and sincerely hopes that friends in various countries will make contacts with us about cultural exchange and performances.
