一杯甜柠檬水
忆读书 冰心 一谈到读书,我的话就多了! 我自从会认字后不到几年,就开始读书。倒不是4 岁时读母亲教给我的商务印书馆出版的国文教科书第一册的“天,地,日,月,山,水,土,木”以后的那几册,而是7 岁时开始自己读的“话说天下大势,分久必合,合久必分……”的《三国演义》。 那时我的舅父杨子敬先生每天晚饭后必给我们几个表兄妹讲一段《三国演义》,我听得津津有味,什么“宴桃园豪杰三结义,斩黄巾英雄首立功”,真是好听极了,但是他讲了半个钟头,就停下去干他的公事了。我只好带着对于故事下文的无限悬念,在母亲的催促下,含泪上床。 此后我决定咬了牙拿起一本《三国演义》来,自己一知半解地读了下去,居然越看越懂,虽然字音都读得不对,比如把“凯”念作“岂”,把“诸”念作“者”之类,因为就只学过那个字一半部分。 谈到《三国演义》我第一次读到关羽死了,哭了一场,便把书丢下了。第二次再读时,到诸葛亮死了,又哭了一场,又把书丢下了,最后忘了是什么时候才把全书读到分久必合的结局。 这时就同时还看了母亲针线笸箩里常放着的那几本《聊斋志异》,聊斋故事是短篇的,可以随时拿起放下,又是文言的,这对于我的作文课很有帮助。时为我的作文老师曾在我的作文本上,批着“柳州风骨,长吉清才”的句子,其实我那时还没有读过柳宗元和李贺的文章,只因那时的作文,都是用文言写的。 因为看《三国演义》引起了我对章回小说的兴趣,对于那部述说“官逼民反”的《水浒传》大加欣赏。那部书里着力描写的人物,如林冲——林教头风雪山神庙一回,看了使我气愤填胸!武松、鲁智深等人,都有其自己极其生动的风格,虽然因为作者要凑成三十六天罡七十二地煞勉勉强强地满了一百零八人的数目,我觉得也比没有人物个性的《荡寇志》强多了。 《精忠说岳》并没有给我留下太大的印象,虽然岳飞是我从小就崇拜的最伟大的爱国英雄。在此顺便说一句,我酷爱古典诗词,但能够从头背到底的,只有岳武穆的《满江红》“怒发冲冠”那一首,还有就是李易安的《声声慢》,她那几个叠字:“寻寻觅觅,冷冷清清,凄凄惨惨戚戚……”写得十分动人,尤其是以“寻寻觅觅”起头,描写尽了“若有所失”的无聊情绪。 到我11 岁时,回到故乡的福州,在我祖父的书桌上看到了林琴南老先生送给他的《茶花女遗事》,使我对于林译外国小说,有了广泛的兴趣,那时只要我手里有几角钱,就请人去买林译小说来看,这又使我知道了许多外国的人情世故。 《红楼梦》是在我十二三岁时候看的,起初我对它的兴趣并不大,贾宝玉女声女气,林黛玉的哭哭啼啼都使我厌烦,还是到了中年以后,再拿起这部书看时,才尝到“满纸荒唐言,一把辛酸泪”,一个朝代和家庭的兴亡盛衰的滋味。 总而言之,统而言之,我这一辈子读到的中外的文艺作品,不能算太少。我永远感到读书是我生命中最大的快乐!从读书中我还得到了做人处世的“独立思考”的大道理,这都是从“修身”课本中所得不到的。 我自1986 年到日本访问回来后即因伤腿,闭门不出,“行万里路”做不到了,“读万卷书”更是我唯一的消遣。我每天都会得到许多书刊,知道了许多事情,也认识了许多人物。同时,书看多了,我也会挑选,比较。比如说看了精彩的《西游记》就会丢下烦琐的《封神传》,看了人物如生的《水浒传》就不会看索然乏味的《荡寇志》,等等。对于现代的文艺作品,那些写得朦朦胧胧的,堆砌了许多华丽的词句的,无病而呻,自作多情的风花雪月的文字,我一看就从脑中抹去,但是那些满带着真情实感,十分质朴浅显的篇章,那怕只有几百上千字,也往往使我心动神移,不能自己! 书看多了,从中也得到一个体会,物怕比,人怕比,书也怕比,“不比不知道,一比吓一跳。” 因此,有某年的六一国际儿童节,有个儿童刊物要我给儿童写几句指导读书的话,我只写了九个字,就是: (15)读书好,好读书,读好书。
丫丫由由
Diagram of a Ming dynasty mariner's compassMain article: CompassThe earliest reference to magnetism in Chinese literature is found in a 4th century BC book called Book of the Devil Valley Master (鬼谷子): "The lodestone makes iron come or it attracts it."The earliest reference to a magnetic device used as a "direction finder" is in a Song Dynasty book dated to AD 1040-44. Here there is a description of an iron "south-pointing fish" floating in a bowl of water, aligning itself to the south. The device is recommended as a means of orientation "in the obscurity of the night." However, the first suspended magnetic needle compass was written of by Shen Kuo in his book of AD 1088.
For most of Chinese history, the compass that remained in use was in the form of a magnetic needle floating in a bowl of water. According to Needham, the Chinese in the Song Dynasty and continuing Yuan Dynasty did make use of a dry compass, although this type never became as widely used in China as the wet compass.The dry compass used in China was a dry suspension compass, a wooden frame crafted in the shape of a turtle hung upside down by a board, with the loadstone sealed in by wax, and if rotated, the needle at the tail would always point in the northern cardinal direction. Although the 14th century European compass-card in box frame and dry pivot needle was adopted in China after its use was taken by Japanese pirates in the 16th century (who had in turn learned of it from Europeans), the Chinese design of the suspended dry compass persisted in use well into the 18th century.
爱心小猪
The world can be changed by man's endeavor, and that this endeavor can lead to something new and better .No man can sever the bonds that unite him to his society simply by averting his eyes . He must ever be receptive and sensitive to the new ; and have sufficient courage and skill to novel facts and to deal with them . (Franklin Roosevelt , American President ) 人经过努力可以改变世界,这种努力可以使人类达到新的、更美好的境界。没有人仅凭闭目、不看社会现实就能割断自己与社会的联系。他必须敏感,随时准备接受新鲜事物;他必须有勇气与能力去面对新的事实,解决新问题。(美国总统 罗斯福建. F.) There is no royal road to science ,and only those who do not dread the fatiguing climb of gaining its numinous summits . (Karl Marx, German revolutionary ) 在科学上没有平坦的大道,只有不畏劳苦沿着其崎岖之路攀登的人,才有希望达到它光辉的顶点。( 德国革命家 马克思. K .)
优质英语培训问答知识库