雾都孤儿英文简介

Fog Orphan雾都孤儿

词典释义

Oliver Twist

Oliver's twist

Charles Dickens狄更斯；查尔斯·狄更斯；英国大文豪狄更斯

举例:

1.他的第二部小说《雾都孤儿》于1838年出版,非常成功。Oliver Twist, his second novel, came out in 1838 and was very successful.

2.要举这方面的例子，请看狄更斯的小说《雾都孤儿》。An example of this would be Dickens' novel Oliver Twist.

3.琼斯先生：他已经写了《雾都孤儿》。Mr jones: he'd already written "oliver twist".

4.我要说《雾都孤儿》是我最喜欢的一部作品。And I would say Oliver Twist is one of my favourites.

5.这幅画展示了电影《雾都孤儿》的著名一幕。The photo shows a famous scene from the film of Oliver Twist.

6.狄更斯是《雾都孤儿》的作者。Dickens was the author of'oliver twist'.

Oliver Twist is an 1838 novel by Charles Dickens. It was originally published as a serial.Like most of Dickens' work, the book is used to call the public's attention to various contemporary social evils, including the workhouse, child labour and the recruitment of children as criminals. The novel is full of sarcasm and dark humour, even as it treats its serious subject, revealing the hypocrisies of the time.It has been the subject of numerous film and television adaptations, and the basis for a highly successful British musical, Oliver!.Plot summarySpoiler warning: Plot and/or ending details follow.Oliver Twist is born into a life of hardship and misfortune. Orphaned from the onset of his life due to his mother’s death in child-birth and his father’s conspicuous absence, Oliver is meagerly provided for under the terms of the Poor Law. Thus, Oliver spends the first nine years of his life within a branch-workhouse of the one in which he had the misfortune to be born. Along with other juvenile offenders against the poor-laws, Oliver is brought up with little food and few comforts.Around the time of the orphan’s ninth birthday, Mr. Bumble, a parish beadle, removes Oliver from the branch-workhouse and puts him to work in the main facility. Oliver, who toils with very little food, remains in the workhouse for six months. After that period, Oliver breeches regulations by requesting, on behalf of another boy, that he receive another portion of gruel. The board of gentlemen who administer the workhouse are outraged by Oliver’s request, perceiving him as ungrateful. Desiring to get rid of Oliver, the board offers a sum of money to any person wishing to take on the boy as an apprentice. Mr. Sowerberry, an undertaker employed by the parish, eventually takes Oliver into his service.While in the service of the undertaker, Oliver is abused by Noah Claypole, a charity boy and apprentice of Mr. Sowerberry. On one particularly occasion, in an attempt to bait a reaction out of Oliver, Noah insults the orphan’s late mother. Oliver takes great offense to Noah’s words and proceeds to attack the boy. The disagreement between the two is heightened when Mrs. Sowerberry, who dislikes Oliver, is summoned. Following an administration of punishment for attacking Noah, for the charity boy twists the circumstances of the fight to make Oliver seem like an unprovoked murderer, the orphan decides to flee from the undertaker. Leaving during the night, he wanders aimlessly at first. However, he soon sets his destination as London.During his journey to London, Oliver encounters Jack Dawkins, who is also known as the Artful Dodger. Dawkins provides Oliver with a free meal and tells him of a gentleman in London who will aid him in becoming established. Grateful for the assistance he has been given, Oliver follows Dawkins to the gentleman’s residence. Thus, Oliver unwittingly stumbles into the association of a Jewish criminal named Fagin, the gentleman of whom Dawkins spoke. Oliver resides with Fagin and his criminal associates for some time, unaware that of their unlawful occupations.With time, Oliver goes out upon a pick-pocketing expedition with two of Fagin’s underlings: Dawkins and a boy named Charlie Bates. Though he is unaware of the criminal intentions of the other boys until a robbery actual takes place and does not participate, Oliver finds himself accused of stealing. He is eventually freed from accusation and put under the nurturing custody of an old gentleman named Mr. Brownlow, who he was previously thought to have robbed, after falling ill in court. Oliver resides with Mr. Brownlow for a while, living in great happiness as a result of being treated well. His bliss, however, is interrupted when Fagin orchestrates the kidnapping of Oliver back to his haven of thieves. This is done for Fagin fears that Oliver will tell the authories of his criminal operations.After being captured by Fagin and abused for some time, Oliver is again employed in an illegal operation. Bill Sikes, a violent thief who had helped kidnap Oliver away from Mr. Brownlow, uses the boy to break into a house via a small window. The robbery goes wrong, however, and Oliver is shot. After being abandoned by Sikes, a wounded Oliver ends up under the care of the people he had attempted to rob: Rose Maylie and the elderly Mrs. Maylie. Convinced of Oliver’s innocence, Rose Maylie take the boy in and nurses him back to health.Meanwhile, a mysterious man named Monks has found Fagin and is plotting with him to destroy Oliver's reputation. Nancy, fearing their intentions, goes to Rose Maylie and Mr. Brownlow to reveal their plot. She manages to keep her meetings secret until Noah Claypole (he had fallen out with the undertaker and moved to London to seek his fortune) agrees to spy on Nancy and then tells Fagin. Angry at the notion of his plot being foiled, Fagin passes it on to Sikes, twisting the story just enough to make it sound as if Nancy had informed on him. (In actuality, she had shielded Sikes, whom she loves despite his occasional ill-treatment, as much as possible.) Believing that she has betrayed him, Sikes murders Nancy in a fit of rage, and is himself killed when he accidentally hangs himself while being pursued by an angry mob. Monks is forced by Mr. Brownlow (an old friend of Oliver's father) to divulge his secrets and give half of his inheritance to Oliver. Then Monks moves to America, where he quickly spends his money, reverts to crime, and ultimately dies in prison. Fagin is arrested and hanged for his misdeeds. Rose Maylie turns out to be the long-lost sister of Oliver's mother Agnes; she is therefore Oliver's aunt. She marries her long-time sweetheart Harry, and Oliver lives happily with his saviour, Mr. Brownlow.Characters in "Oliver Twist"Oliver – the main protagonist, a boy born in a workhouse Fagin – a Jew who recruits and trains boys for thievery Bill Sikes – a violent thief The Artful Dodger aka Jack Dawkins – one of Fagin's boy pickpockets Charley Bates; another of Fagin's boy pickpockets Nancy – barmaid and Bill's girl Betsy – a thief of Fagin's and friend of Nancy Noah Claypole – apprentice to Mr Sowerberry Mr. Brownlow Monks, aka Edward Leeford – Oliver's half-brother Rose Maylie Mr. Bumble – the parish Beadle Mr. Sowerberry – an Undertaker who takes Oliver into his service Mrs. Sowerberry Charlotte – servant to Mrs Sowerberry Gamfield – a vicious chimney-sweep Mrs Bedwin – housekeeper to Mr Brownlow Mr Grimwig – an old friend of Mr Brownlow's Barney – a villainous friend of Fagin's Major themesThe novel is characterized by the use of various motifs.Charity and love are motifs because even though Oliver is treated horribly by most people, he is shown love by a few good people – Mr. Brownlow, Mrs. Maylie, and even Nancy.Greed and corruption are also motifs because of how people take advantage of Oliver. He is taken advantage of by Mr. Bumble at the workhouse and the thieves. Mr. Fagin tries to control Oliver, to use him for his own wealth. Monks tries to steal his identity and his inheritance.Spoilers end here.

小说讲述了一个孤儿的悲惨经历,主人公奥利弗是一名生在济贫院的孤儿,他九岁那年被送到店里做学徒,忍饥挨饿,备受欺凌,于是他逃到了伦敦和一群当地的扒手混在了一起.后来好心的布朗洛的绅士帮助了他,但不幸的又被扒手团伙抓了回去,经历了无数的艰辛.在布朗洛的帮助下,经历了很多的曲折奥利弗终于知道自己的真实身份.

该作以雾都伦敦为背景，讲述了一个孤儿悲惨的身世及遭遇。主人公奥利弗在孤儿院长大，经历学徒生涯，艰苦逃难，误入贼窝，又被迫与狠毒的凶徒为伍，历尽无数辛酸，最后在善良人的帮助下，查明身世并获得了幸福。

该书揭露许多当时的社会问题，如救济院、童工、以及帮派吸收青少年参与犯罪等。该书曾多次改编为电影、电视及舞台剧。

This work is set in London, a foggy city, and tells the tragic story and experience of an orphan. Oliver, the hero, grew up in an orphanage, experienced apprenticeship, fled hard, strayed into a den of thieves, and was forced to associate with vicious murderers, experiencing countless hardships.

Finally, with the help of good people, he found out his life experience and gained happiness.The book reveals many social problems at that time, such as almshouse, child labor, and gangs absorbing teenagers to participate in crimes. This book has been adapted into movies, television and stage plays many times.

创作背景

《雾都孤儿》作为英国小说家查尔斯·狄更斯在维多利亚时代的作品。资本主义的发展，使英国成为世界超级大国。但繁华之下，是贫穷和不幸。这种繁荣孕育在危险和肮脏的工厂和煤矿里。阶级冲突越发明显，终于在1836年到1848年中接连爆发。19世纪末期，大英帝国国力逐渐下降。作为一个时代的产物，文学日趋多样化，许多伟大的作家出现在那个时代。

《雾都孤儿》写于《济贫法》通过之时。英国正经历一场转变，从一个农业和农村经济向城市和工业国家的转变。《济贫法》允许穷人依赖接受公共援助，却要求他们进行必要的劳动。为了阻止穷人依赖公共援助，逼迫他们忍受难以想象的痛苦。

因为贫民院的救援声名狼藉，许多穷人宁死也不寻求公共援助。《济贫法》没有提高穷人阶级的生活水平，却对最无助和无奈的下层阶级施以惩罚。